Propulsion and Power Research最新文献

{"title":"Aerodynamic response of a blade cascade to torsional excitation of one blade at subsonic and transonic velocities","authors":"David Šimurda ,&nbsp;Jiří Fürst ,&nbsp;Josef Musil ,&nbsp;Petr Šidlof ,&nbsp;Jan Lepicovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The trend of increasing the power-to-weight ratios of aircraft turbofan engines and efficiency of steam turbines leads to designs with long and slender blades often operating at transonic flow conditions. Such blades are prone to undesirable and possibly destructive vibrations caused by engine-order excitation or induced by flow itself. To shed more light on this problem and to extend the existing knowledge, this paper presents experimental and numerical study on torsional mode vibration of one blade in a linear blade cascade of flat profiles. In this study, dynamic loading and pressure distributions were investigated at subsonic, supercritical and transonic flow regimes while the blade was kinematically excited by a motor and shaft mechanism at reduced frequencies up to <em>k</em> = 0.47. Dynamic flow structure development was documented and analyzed based on numerical simulations. Furthermore, dependence of energy transfer over an oscillation cycle on frequency and exit Mach number was investigated. Results revealed significant hysteresis in the flow field configuration particularly at supercritical and transonic cases. Hysteresis is manifested namely by different development of supersonic regions when the oscillating blade passes through the zero deflection during upstroke and downstroke. Resulting aerodynamic moment is non-harmonic and there is an increasing phase lag with respect to the blade deflection when oscillation frequency increases. In majority of investigated regimes, hysteresis resulted in aerodynamic damping of the blade oscillation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51341,"journal":{"name":"Propulsion and Power Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 259-273"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Couple stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluids in a channel with applications in medical sciences","authors":"Shafiq Ahmad ,&nbsp;Farhad Ali ,&nbsp;Ilyas Khan ,&nbsp;Samira Elaissi ,&nbsp;N.F.M. Noor ,&nbsp;Mohamed Kallel","doi":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past few years, there has been a notable global surge in research on nanofluids, driven by their promising thermal applications in engineering and biological sciences. Nanofluids have demonstrated promising results in enhancing heat transfer phenomena. To further enhance the thermal performance of conventional base fluids, researchers have increasingly focused on investigating the use of structured nanoparticle suspensions within these fluids. With a consideration of the potential applications of nanoparticles, this paper intends to explore the utilization of three nanoparticles with distinct shapes within a single base fluid. More precisely, three different nanoparticles with different shapes, i.e., spherical-shaped gold (Au), cylindrical-shaped zinc (Zn), and platelet-shaped ferric oxide (Fe₃O₄) are added to the base fluid blood because of their relative advanced pharmaceutical applications. In this study, the primary focus is to thoroughly analyze the heat transfer characteristics of an unsteady flow of a couple-stress Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid within a channel. The flow regime under investigation is represented by classical partial differential equations, which are subsequently non-dimensionalized using appropriate non-dimensional variables. To further analyze the system, the dimensionless partial differential equations are fractionally modified using Caputo's definition of fractional derivatives, incorporating Fick's and Fourier's laws, and the exact solutions for temperature, concentration, and velocity profiles are achieved by employing the Laplace and Fourier transforms. The results clearly indicate that as the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases, the fluid velocity decreases while the temperature rises. The utilization of a blood-based ternary hybrid nanofluid enhances the rate of heat transfer by up to 20%. Specifically, the inclusion of spherical-shaped gold (Au) nanoparticles rises heat transfer by up to 16%, cylindrical-shaped zinc (Zn) nanoparticles enhance it by up to 19%, and platelet-shaped ferric oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles enhance it by up to 23%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51341,"journal":{"name":"Propulsion and Power Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 352-370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey and analysis of multiphase electric propulsion motors and associated controllers for driving underwater platforms","authors":"Arun Singh,&nbsp;Anita Khosla","doi":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Propulsion motors are essential for driving underwater platforms, which are designed to explore and exploit marine resources, primarily materials located within oceans and other bodies of water. Historically, humans have used artificial underwater structures such as ships, oil rigs, boats, submarines, robots, and autonomous vehicles to harness marine resources, encompassing commercial and military applications. Whether static or dynamic, these underwater platforms rely on different propulsion systems for manoeuvrability, including nuclear power, diesel engines, fuel cell/air independent propulsion (AIP) and electrically driven motors. These propulsion systems create thrust, using propeller or water jet mechanisms to move inside waterbodies. This study traces the evolution of underwater propulsion motors in deep-sea applications from their inception to the current state-of-the-art advancements. It provides a detailed overview of existing underwater motor and controller technologies used for underwater platforms, emphasising their capabilities and limitations while highlighting potential areas for innovation in the design of multiphase motors. This paper critically evaluates the current electric propulsion motors used in underwater platforms. Furthermore, the paper identifies gaps in existing technologies for multiphase electric motors designed for deep-sea application, which are more than a hundred meters deep with power requirements exceeding 200 kW with the motor mounted externally, directly exposed to the high pressures of the deep-sea environment, setting the stage for future research and development opportunities that can lead to improved exploration of oceans and their resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51341,"journal":{"name":"Propulsion and Power Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 304-321"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in modified Arrhenius activation energy and bioconvection in Williamson nanofluid flow over a bidirectional surface","authors":"Tayyaba Akhtar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Abid ,&nbsp;Basma Souayeh ,&nbsp;Fourth D. Muhammad Imran","doi":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-Newtonian flows have applications in food combination, plasma flow, inherent and organic fluids, antibiotics, and lubrication through oils and greases. This study explores the bidirectional flow of Williamson nanofluid in a porous medium, incorporating thermophoresis, Brownian motion, bioconvection effects, and Arrhenius activation energy over a nonlinear stretching surface. The governing equations are transformed into a dimensionless form using similarity transformations and numerically solved via MATLAB's bvp4c shooting scheme. Results indicate that increasing the Williamson parameter <span><math><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></math></span> and porosity parameter <span><math><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow></math></span> reduces velocity, with a 10% rise in <span><math><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></math></span> leading to an 8% velocity reduction. Temperature increases with the thermophoresis parameter <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> where a 15% increase in <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span> results in a 7% temperature rise. The Nusselt number improves with a higher Prandtl number <span><math><mrow><mi>Pr</mi></mrow></math></span> increasing by 10% when <span><math><mrow><mi>Pr</mi></mrow></math></span> rises from 5 to 7, while the Sherwood number declines with stronger Brownian motion. These findings provide key insights into heat and mass transfer mechanisms, contributing to advancements in industrial cooling, biomedical applications, and nanofluid-based thermal systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51341,"journal":{"name":"Propulsion and Power Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 338-351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-fidelity modelling of a high bypass ratio turbofan engine with variable area nozzle","authors":"Andrea Magrini,&nbsp;Ernesto Benini","doi":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low pressure ratio fans of modern civil turbofans suffer from reduced stall margin in the take-off operating line and at part-speed, requiring variable geometry devices. Variable area nozzles (VAN) are one of the investigated solutions to control engine operating conditions throughout the mission. In this paper, we present a multi-fidelity modelling approach for an ultra-high bypass ratio turbofan engine with a VAN, combining a zero-dimensional thermodynamic cycle simulator using a realistic fan map with two- and three-dimensional detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for internal/external flow coupling. By adopting a novel algorithm to match the cycle conditions to the CFD solutions, the propulsive performance of the turbofan is analysed in a reference aircraft mission. The numerical method captures the effect on thrust generation and nacelle drag, providing a more reliable estimation of the impact of VAN on engine operation and efficiency. Low-speed mission points are confirmed to be those that benefit the most from an enlarged fan nozzle area, with a possible improvement of 3% in terms of thrust and specific fuel consumption at take-off and approach using a 10% larger area, similarly predicted by both 2D and 3D models. A preliminary acoustic evaluation based on semi-empirical noise models indicates a modest effect on noise emissions, with up to 1 dB reduction in microphone signature at the sideline for a nozzle area increased by 10%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51341,"journal":{"name":"Propulsion and Power Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 227-242"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient study on the influence of compressor casing configuration on aeroelastic stability using multi-passage energy method","authors":"Xin Zhao ,&nbsp;Le Han ,&nbsp;Dasheng Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the influence of casing profiles on the aeroelastic stability of a transonic compressor rotor. To elucidate the influence of casing profiles on aerodynamic damping (AD) and delve into more detailed insights, the influence coefficient method and phase-shift theory were incorporated into the conventional energy method to establish the multi-passage energy method. The unsteady pressure was calculated using the influence coefficient method and the outcomes at various nodal diameters (NDs) were reconstructed based on the phase-shift theory. Thus, the multi-passage energy method offers more comprehensive information than the conventional energy method, the aeroelastic eigenvalue method, and the coupled fluid-structure interaction method. Four casing profiles were simulated. In contrast to the straight casing configuration, the concave shrinking casing was found to be detrimental to aeroelastic stability. The convex shrinking casing can alleviate the blockage in the tip flow field and improve both the aerodynamic performance and aeroelastic stability. The multi-passage energy method further revealed that the AD is contributed by the blade itself and the adjacent blades. In comparison to the straight casing, the convex shrinking casing not only enhances the AD of the blade itself but also diminishes the AD fluctuation of the adjacent blades. Consequently, the minimum AD is increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51341,"journal":{"name":"Propulsion and Power Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 243-258"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of flow instability in gas-turbine compression system","authors":"Jingyi Zeng ,&nbsp;Feng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compressor instability, particularly stall and surge, poses significant challenges to the performance, efficiency, and reliability of axial compressors in aerospace and power-generation systems. This review comprehensively summarizes the evolution of research on stall precursors, including modal wave, spike, rotating instability, and partial surge. Each precursor exhibits distinct spatial and temporal characteristics linked to specific unsteady flow structures such as tip leakage vortex breakdown, hub corner separation, and shock-boundary layer interactions. The transformation of stall precursors under varying design parameters and operating conditions is analyzed, with a focus on how radial loading distribution, tip clearance, and inlet distortion influence instability behavior. Future directions are proposed, emphasizing the development of unified theoretical models, accelerated numerical methods, and full-annulus experiments to enhance stall prediction and active control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51341,"journal":{"name":"Propulsion and Power Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 173-189"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation and performance evaluation of skin friction reduction by boundary layer injection under hypervelocity inflow condition","authors":"Zhenming Qu,&nbsp;Feiteng Luo,&nbsp;Yaosong Long,&nbsp;Wenjuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a quantitative evaluation framework to assess the performance of boundary layer injection (BLI) technology, establishing standardized metrics for integration into performance analysis of scramjets. We comparatively evaluate inert gas and fuel BLI strategies under typical combustor inflow conditions through systematic numerical investigations employing this evaluation framework. Key findings reveal that fuel injection demonstrates superior skin friction reduction efficacy compared to inert gases, especially hydrogen, achieving skin friction reduction performance up to 600 s at Mach 8+ conditions with an injection equivalence ratio (<em>ER</em>) of 0.1. Hydrogen's advantage arises from its inherently low density, coupled with combustion-induced density reduction in the log-law region. This dual mechanism suppresses turbulent momentum transport and attenuates skin friction through large-scale flow restructuring. However, when benchmarked against reacting mainstream flows without BLI, fuel injection efficacy diminishes significantly (100 s level) — local density reduction effects induced by boundary layer combustion are attenuated by mainstream heat release, limiting further momentum transport suppression and reducing drag reduction performance to inert gas levels. These results underscore the critical influence of ambient combustion conditions on BLI effectiveness, emphasizing that BLI implementation must prioritize non-reacting or weakly reacting flow environments. The proposed standardized metrics address this operational dependency, enabling BLI optimization within full-engine design paradigms to prevent counterproductive “pseudo-optimization.\"</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51341,"journal":{"name":"Propulsion and Power Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 274-303"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MHD triple diffusion due to the impulsive flow of micropolar nanofluids around a cone: Mangler's transformations and ANN analyses","authors":"Z.Z. Rashed ,&nbsp;Sameh E. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An implicit finite difference (FD) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques are applied to study the triple diffusion and non-linear mixed convection flow around a vertical cone. The forced flow is due to an impulsive motion of a micropolar nanofluid while the buoyancy-driven flow is obtained using the quadratic form of Boussinesq approximation. Two governing equations are introduced for the species concentrations; those include non-linear chemical reactions. It is focused on the cases of the weak concentration of microelements, opposing and assisting flow, and the roles of the magnetic field, viscous dissipation, and convective boundary conditions are examined. The solution methodology is based on Mangler's transformations. At the same time, the effective ANN is used to predict some important physical quantities such as heat transfer rate against some key factors such as Biot number, Eckert number, and magnetic coefficient. Remarkably, the flow rate in the assisting flow is up to 0.95% higher than in the opposing flow. Across all cases, an increase in the vortex parameter (<span><math><mrow><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>1.2</mn></mrow></math></span>) enhances fluid friction near the cone surface by 63.1%. These findings are particularly relevant for industrial applications involving heat and mass transfer in nanofluid systems, such as microreactors, biomedical engineering, and thermal energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51341,"journal":{"name":"Propulsion and Power Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 322-337"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in the development of ammonia borane for both energetic and energy storage materials","authors":"Rui Pu,&nbsp;Yunlong Zhang,&nbsp;Shaoli Chen,&nbsp;Qilong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jppr.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia borane (NH₃BH₃) has garnered significant attention as a high-potential hydrogen storage material owing to its exceptional hydrogen content of 19.6 wt%. This remarkable capacity positions it as a promising candidate for energetic applications, including next-generation solid propellants. However, its practical utility in such systems is limited by its inherently low decomposition temperature, which compromises stability under operational conditions. Over the past two decades, extensive research has focused on enhancing ammonia borane's properties through structural and chemical modifications, resulting in notable progress. Despite these advancements, a systematic review synthesizing modification strategy and their implications for energetic material applications remains absent. To address this gap, this review systematically compiles recent advances in ammonia borane modification and critically evaluates its evolving role in energetic material development, offering insights into future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51341,"journal":{"name":"Propulsion and Power Research","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 190-226"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}