Climate Services最新文献

{"title":"Integrating social narratives of flood events into a text network analysis-based decision support framework to reduce vulnerability to climate change in Africa","authors":"Thomas E. O’Shea ,&nbsp;Lena C. Grobusch ,&nbsp;Mary Zhang ,&nbsp;Jeff Neal ,&nbsp;Joseph Daron ,&nbsp;Richard G. Jones ,&nbsp;Christopher Jack ,&nbsp;Alice McClure ,&nbsp;Gilbert Siame ,&nbsp;Dorothy Ndhlovu ,&nbsp;Sukaina Bharwani","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many African countries, the response to climate change is obstructed by a lack of accessible and usable information, such as localised flood maps. Compounding this, current disaster risk management systems often fail to account for context-specific drivers of social vulnerability and environmental risks, crucial for enhancing social resilience to flood impacts. This paper captures the community-based narratives of flood risk in Lusaka, Zambia. Using a well-established network from the Future Resilience for African Cities And Lands (FRACTAL) group, a cross-disciplinary approach of natural and social sciences to support decision-making for flood resilience is presented as the Participatory Climate Information Distillation for Urban Flood Resilience in Lusaka (FRACTAL-PLUS) project. Local flood inundation maps were created using global rainfall and GIS datasets and then analysed across two interactive “Learning Labs” with local stakeholders. Historical observations and lived experiences were distilled from the learning labs into three community-based social narratives of flood risk. These narratives were used to calibrate the flood maps with insights from Lusaka’s stakeholders using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Text Network Analysis (TNA). The narrative-informed flood maps provide a dynamic entry point for enhancing stakeholder engagement by discussing social vulnerability to floods and climate change, highlighting future challenges and opportunities for<!--> <!-->resilience planning. The outputs demonstrate the value of convening stakeholders to discuss these topics in a<!--> <!-->sustainable setting for addressing the interdisciplinary challenges of climate resilience,<!--> <!-->offering a<!--> <!-->benchmark for better use of<!--> <!-->available resources and<!--> <!-->enabling a swift evaluation of needs and measures for resilience building.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of flood early warning response measures in reducing flood effects in Kilosa District, Tanzania","authors":"Japhet Ringo ,&nbsp;Shadrack Sabai ,&nbsp;Anesi Mahenge","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100534","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Floods, caused by natural and human-induced factors, are devastating to human livelihoods and the environment. Measures such as flood early warning are used to mitigate their effects, but little is known about how response measures reduce the effects of floods in flooded areas including Kilosa District, Tanzania. To add information in this gap, 375 household heads were surveyed, 20 key informants were interviewed and 17 participants took part in focus group discussions. The results show that the flood response measures have reduced human deaths, injuries and property damage or loss. The reduction in flood effects was significantly associated with family discussions on preparedness (p &lt; 0.0001) and evacuation from risk areas (p &lt; 0.0001). The study concludes that residents actively respond to warnings, thereby reducing damage to themselves and easily movable assets. To improve the effectiveness of early warnings, it is recommended that housing be located away from flood-prone rivers, local disaster committees and upstream communities be trained to recognize flood signs, and community flood emergency response training be provided.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Practical implication&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Flooding is a disaster that has occurred repeatedly in the current century and is predicted to increase in the near future due to escalating climate change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], 2022), rapidly growing human populations in flood-prone areas (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Getahun et al., 2021&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), and unplanned settlements (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Nyam et al., 2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Williams et al., 2019&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). To counteract it, mitigation measures through early warnings are vital, as they make the vulnerable community prepared for what is coming. For early warnings to be effective in mitigating the effects of floods, they must be easy to understand, reliable and actionable (&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction-USDR, 2017&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). Similarly, understanding the contribution of response measures in mitigating the effects of flooding is paramount. It is therefore essential to assess the contribution of measures taken by vulnerable communities to respond to flooding, to help decision-makers design better interventions and to enable communities to make informed choices to manage the effects of flooding. To achieve this goal, the study was specifically designed to assess key outcomes threatened by floods. These key outcomes include (i) human lives at risk of death and injury, and (ii) property damage or total loss. These outcomes are derived from the conceptualisation of this study as shown in &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Fig. 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. This study finds that the main initiators of flood early warning are the local people and experts/officials from the government and private stakeholders at the pre-flood stage. The flood early warnings provided are generated and transmitted by local and modern early warning systems (EWS). The r","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Information and Communication Technologies for climate services: Evidence from farmers in Ada East District, Ghana","authors":"Rebecca Sarku ,&nbsp;Famous Addi ,&nbsp;Emmanuel M.N.A.N. Attoh","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100535","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;How people respond to climate information service (CIS) depends on how information is designed and communicated. While the introduction of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) has improved the delivery of CIS, there are persistent usability challenges, especially among smallholder farmers. This study examined the usability of new ICTs in delivering CIS for farming in Ada East District, Ghana. The research addressed the question, how do smallholder farmers respond to CIS delivered through new ICTs, and what are the usability challenges of these technologies. Using data from document reviews, interviews, and focus group discussions, findings show that farmers predominantly rely on local or indigenous knowledge and traditional ICTs like radio and television for CIS, 7 New ICTs including: Website on weather information, Bulletin on social media: Facebook, WhatsApp weather forecast presented as a flyer, YouTube video on weather information, Short message service (SMS), Audio WhatsApp weather forecast and Weather apps were identified, providing daily, weekly and seasonal forecasts outlooks. However, the utilisation of these new ICTs is relatively limited. Only a few farmers were aware of the delivery of CIS through these new ICTs. Farmers with smartphones are mainly those who access daily and seasonal forecast outlooks using new ICTs, while face-to-face interactions remain the common mode for disseminating information among farmers. Although new ICTs offer forecasts, usability is influenced by the relevance and comprehension of the content, location success and time, typography, symbols and graphics, language clarity, feedback and interactivity and ability to use the new ICT tools. The findings of the study have implications for CIS developers and providers to incorporate design principles such as revision of text structure, font style and size, symbols, wording pattern and word counts. It shed light on the evolving landscape of CIS delivery in farming communities, where traditional methods coexist with emerging digital platforms and provided knowledge on the need to raise awareness on the use of new ICTs with CIS among farmers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Practical Implications of the research for policy makers and practitioners&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Climate Information Services (CIS) offers a transformative approach to agricultural decision-making for farmers. This research identifies various new ICT platforms including Websites, Bulletin on social media: Facebook, WhatsApp weather forecast presented as a flyer, YouTube video on weather information, Short message service (SMS, Audio WhatsApp weather forecast and Weather apps, as key tools for delivering weather and climate forecasts to farmers. The findings have crucial implications for policymakers, businesses, and agricultural extension services, emphasising the role of ICTs in enhancing access to vital climate information for im","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing climate services for use in agricultural decision making: Insights from Australia","authors":"Aysha Fleming ,&nbsp;Simon Fielke ,&nbsp;Emma Jakku ,&nbsp;Yuwan Malakar ,&nbsp;Stephen Snow ,&nbsp;Sarah Clarry ,&nbsp;Carly Tozer ,&nbsp;Rebecca Darbyshire ,&nbsp;Duncan Legge ,&nbsp;Amy Samson ,&nbsp;Mahesh Prakash ,&nbsp;Tammy Hunter ,&nbsp;Vincent Nguyen ,&nbsp;Karen Wealands ,&nbsp;Stephanie Dickson ,&nbsp;Kevin Hennessy ,&nbsp;Graham Bonnett","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100537","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic drivers and temporal dynamics of sandstorms in the Hexi Corridor, China","authors":"Yanying Li ,&nbsp;Xingwei Ma ,&nbsp;Fucun Wang ,&nbsp;Hongying Li ,&nbsp;Xin Nie ,&nbsp;Qifen Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Daily data on sand-dust prevalence, precipitation, temperature, and wind speed from 13 national meteorological stations in wind and sand-prone areas of the Hexi Corridor were collected from 2005 to 2023, together with historical data from 1960 to 2020, to identify characteristic spatiotemporal variations in precipitation and temperature during 1–10 days before sand-dust events. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration indices from January to December were also calculated. The influence of meteorological conditions at different time scales on the dust intensity in this region was then determined. It was found that (1) Sand abundance, the presence of desertified land, and the arid continental climate in the Hexi Corridor contributed significantly to the incidence of sandstorms in China. Due to its abundant sand, high temperatures, and large evaporation capacit-ies, Minqin showed the highest frequency of sandstorms. (2) The severe sandstorms and the high storm frequencies in the Hexi Corridor were found to be associated with warm and dry centers in the region, with the annual number of sandstorm days correlating positively with annual temperatures and negatively with precipitation (correlation coefficients of 0.58 and −0.29, respectively). (3) The wind thresholds of different dust intensities, precipitation, and temperature thresholds during the 1–10 days preceding sand-dust events, and their onset times were obtained,and the levels and regional distribution of drought in the Hexi Corridor during the preceding 1–12 months as well as the relationships among the parameters were assessed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the communication gap in agrometeorological services: Enhancing the uptake and effectiveness for users in developing countries","authors":"Vieri Tarchiani ,&nbsp;Sebastian Grey","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decades, advancements in agrometeorological monitoring and forecasting have been driven by technology, infrastructure, and capacity building. Literature highlights that agrometeorological services support agricultural decision-making, boosting farmers’ resilience and income globally. However, challenges in communication and dissemination limit their effectiveness, particularly for smallholder farmers in remote areas. The problem extends beyond media type and format to issues of accessibility, comprehensibility, and users’ trust. While technology has enabled faster dissemination, there is a risk of new services being technology-centered rather than user-focused. This non-systematic literature review delves into effective communication strategies for agrometeorological information in developing countries, reviewing existing knowledge and presenting case studies. It addresses how to ensure access to information, identify efficient communication channels, use inclusive technologies, enhance users’ understanding, make information actionable, and gather feedback on information effectiveness. Stakeholders’ engagement methods include a variety of participatory approaches and iterative monitoring, evaluation and learning processes. The choice of communication channels significantly affects information reach. Despite the rise of ICT, challenges in access and understanding persist, especially for marginalized groups, making simple communication technologies like rural radios still crucial for last-mile dissemination. The review emphasizes that no single communication approach fits all situations. Key principles of coproduction and user engagement in climate services are essential for effective agrometeorological communication. Future directions include enhancing the legitimacy and salience of services by integrating local knowledge, expanding scope to include herders and off-farm stakeholders, building capacity among intermediaries and users, soliciting feedback, and fostering public–private partnerships for scaling and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A co-design matrix-based approach to evaluate the climate risks for airports: A case study of Bologna airport","authors":"Carmela De Vivo ,&nbsp;Marta Ellena ,&nbsp;Giuliana Barbato ,&nbsp;Alessandro Pugliese ,&nbsp;Francesca Marinucci ,&nbsp;Tomaso Barilli ,&nbsp;Paola Mercogliano","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change presents substantial challenges for the aviation sector, particularly concerning the assessment and management of risks to airport infrastructure and operations. Effective climate risk assessment is crucial for implementing prioritized adaptation strategies that enhance airport resilience. This paper introduces an innovative matrix-based co-design approach to evaluate climate risks for airports, illustrated by a case study of Bologna Airport, located in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The matrix-based approach, distinguished by its integration of climate hazard, exposure and vulnerability data, proves to be both robust and replicable, especially when key stakeholders actively participate in the process. The approach offers a systematic framework for identifying and assessing climate risks, facilitating the development of effective adaptation strategies. The Bologna Airport case study highlights the approach’s practical application, demonstrating its effectiveness in risk assessment and its potential to guide decision-making for more resilient airport management. The findings underscore the importance of early and equitable preventive actions and support, making vulnerability analysis a critical component in developing effective adaptation strategies. This research advances resilience planning in the aviation sector and offers valuable insights for other airports facing similar climate challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hard and soft climate-smart investments in aquaculture in Bangladesh: Conditioning factors and decision space","authors":"T.S. Amjath-Babu ,&nbsp;Peerzadi Rumana Hossain ,&nbsp;Sanzida Akhter Anee ,&nbsp;Essam Yassin Mohammed ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Krupnik","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and its’ associated weather variabilities and extremes are posing significant risks to aquaculture productivity, particularly in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. Concurrently, the increasing population and shifting consumption patterns are driving higher demand for aquacultural products. This study investigates the impact of floods, heavy rainfall, tidal surges, high temperatures, droughts, erratic rainfall, and water quality parameters (Dissolved Oxygen, ammonia, pH) on investments in “hard” assets, such as specific fish-farm equipment (aquaculture nets, fish cages, thermometers, irrigation pumps), to enhance climate resilience. Additionally, the study explores “soft” investments in information services that provide advanced forecasts on monsoon onset, heavy rainfall, dry spells, high temperature and cold spells. The results indicate that the level of investment in climate-smart aquaculture is currently influenced by climate stresses, investment capacity (farm size, family size), aquaculture system characteristics (pond size and depth, type of fish, aggregate yields), and market-related factors (proximity to roads and markets). In the context of climate-informed decision-making, forecast-based advisory services can facilitate the transition to climate-smart aquaculture. However, the benefits of the information services are often linked to substantial investments in hard infrastructure that ensure the effective utilization of climate information and advisory services. This absence of accessible climate information services and the capacity to invest in climate smart equipment that makes the information actionable, hinder the transition to climate smart aquaculture by smallholder farmers and hence threaten their livelihood and nutritional security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100527"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing national frameworks for climate services: Experiences, challenges and learnings from across Europe","authors":"Nicola Golding ,&nbsp;Keith Lambkin ,&nbsp;Louise Wilson ,&nbsp;Rozemien De Troch ,&nbsp;Andreas Marc Fischer ,&nbsp;Hans Olav Hygen ,&nbsp;Angela Michiko Hama ,&nbsp;Anita Verpe Dyrrdal ,&nbsp;Ella Jamsin ,&nbsp;Piet Termonia ,&nbsp;Christopher Hewitt","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many countries are actively developing a National Framework for Climate Services (NFCS), driven by a need for better coordination of climate services to support decision making, mandatory climate adaptation and financial reporting, and the assessment of the quality of climate services including their underlying data. A group of five European countries (UK, Ireland, Belgium, Switzerland and Norway) has formed an informal peer-group to support, challenge, and share learning throughout the process of developing and evolving their NFCSs. This perspective article gathers these experiences to distil common themes and challenges as well as to identify unique characteristics and benefits of each country’s experience on their NFCS implementation. While this article focuses on the experiences and practical learning within Europe, the benefit of establishing an NFCS is global, and many of the challenges and learnings presented here will be relevant anywhere in the world.</div><div>It is the experience of this group that peer support has accelerated and enhanced the NFCS implementation process, as well as provided a forum for exchange on how to maintain and evolve an operational NFCS. Based on this experience, we propose an additional step as part of the WMO’s ‘Step-by-step Guidelines for Establishing a National Framework for Climate Services’ (<span><span>WMO, 2018</span></span>) to support countries to maintain and evolve their operational frameworks. Additionally, we recommend regional or global peer support on this framework development process should be sought, encouraged and facilitated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalingclimate information services and climate smart agriculture through bundled business models","authors":"Desire M. Kagabo ,&nbsp;Livingstone Byandaga ,&nbsp;Patrick Gatsinzi ,&nbsp;Patrick Mvuyibwami ,&nbsp;Yvonne U. Munyangeri ,&nbsp;Nasson Ntwari ,&nbsp;Mathieu Ouedraogo","doi":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cliser.2024.100526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a general agreement among scholars that bundling Climate Information Services (CIS), Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), and other agricultural products and services can positively impact agriculture. However, many questions still need to be answered regarding how the bundling can be achieved through scalable and farmer-centric CIS-CSA bundled business models. This study narrowed the knowledge gap by revealing 1) how CIS, CSA, and other agricultural products and services may be bundled to support sustainable agriculture, 2) what types of CIS-CSA bundled business models are successfully reaching and benefiting farmers and entrepreneurs, and 3) proposing an evaluation framework for assessing CIS-CSA bundled business models ready for scaling. Drawing on the synthesis analysis of available relevant publications, we devised a 1–5 scale evaluation framework based on nine scaling readiness indicators—<em>technology</em>, <em>impact</em>, <em>bundling</em>, <em>infrastructure</em>, <em>relevance</em>, <em>evidence</em>, <em>barriers</em>, <em>sustainability</em>, and <em>value addition</em>—to assign scalability scores to 29 business cases with bundled CIS-CSA products and services across Africa and Asia. Eleven CIS-CSA bundled business models with publicly available quantitative scaling readiness data (financial capacity, the number of customers, customer categories, and the number of beneficiaries) were used to quantitatively model how different CIS-CSA products and services bundling strategies, the revenue stream structure of a CIS-CSA business, and the structure of a CIS-CSA business’s stakeholder network (the diversity of its stakeholders) affect its scaling readiness. Based on the scaling readiness evaluation framework, of the 29 identified CIS-CSA bundled business cases, 12 were ready for scaling. The quantitative analysis revealed that the type of a CIS-CSA model significantly determines its scalability— for example, a government-to-donor-to-business-to-consumer (G2D2B2C) CIS-CSA bundled business model would have 10 million USD more invested capital than a government-to-business-to-consumer (G2B2C) bundled business model type. Additionally, the G2D2B2C bundled business model type would serve 5 million farmers and three customer categories and gain ten partners more than the G2B2C. The finding also suggests that multi-stakeholder CIS-CSA business models, which provide a more diverse package of CIS-CSA products and services and have many revenue sources, have the potential to benefit all categories of farmers and entrepreneurs. This study reveals a reason for optimism about the future of agriculture; it suggests that scalable bundled CIS-CSA products and services can contribute significantly to attaining climate resilience and food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51332,"journal":{"name":"Climate Services","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100526"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}