Avian Research最新文献

{"title":"Do brood parasitic Common Cuckoos develop brood patches during the breeding season?","authors":"Jun-Seo Go ,&nbsp;Hae-Ni Kim ,&nbsp;Sue-Jeong Jin ,&nbsp;Myeong-Chan Cha ,&nbsp;Heesoo Lee ,&nbsp;Jin-Won Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many birds develop brood patches on their ventral apterium under hormonal regulation to effectively transmit body heat to eggs during incubation. The developed patch has several characteristics, including de-feathering, vascularization, and edema. However, little is known about whether avian brood parasites that do not incubate their eggs exhibit brood patch development during the breeding season. In this study, we measured the size of the ventral apterium in 114 Common Cuckoos (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>) captured in the field throughout the breeding season and examined the appearance of the ventral apterium to confirm the development of brood patches. We also examined whether morphological traits and various factors correlated with the size of the ventral apterium (sternal apterium and abdominal apterium) and how it changed during the breeding season. We found no clear signs of brood patch development in Common Cuckoos captured throughout the breeding season, indicating that they likely did not develop brood patches on the ventral apterium during this period. We also found that ventral apterium size was positively correlated with wing length and body weight. In addition, Common Cuckoos with newly growing feathers on the boundary of the ventral apterium with pteryla were frequently observed as seasons progressed to the end. In conclusion, Common Cuckoos exhibit neither brood patch development nor the vestigial characteristics of ancestral brood patches, except for the growth of feathers on boundary the ventral apterium. Further studies examining brood patches across different groups of avian brood parasites are valuable for enhancing our understanding of the developmental and physiological adaptations of avian brood parasites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000409/pdfft?md5=382536d58068010d17ea699479a6ae6c&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000409-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak influence of natural vegetation in urban green spaces compared to agricultural ecosystems on House Martin populations: Insights from nationwide citizen science data in the Czech Republic","authors":"Denisa Dvořáková,&nbsp;Jan Šipoš,&nbsp;Josef Suchomel","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The House Martin (<em>Delichon urbicum</em>) is a common farmland bird species in the European landscape, yet its population numbers are currently in decline. However, it is not yet sufficiently explained why this long-term decline occurs. To fill this gap in our knowledge, we investigated how land cover composition affects the abundance of House Martins on the landscape scale by using nationwide citizen science data. Utilizing a generalised linear mixed-effect model (GLMM), we evaluated 12,094 records from the Czech Republic spanning 2009–2017. Our analysis underscores the significance of land cover type in shaping House Martin abundance. More specifically, our results indicate that within agricultural land covers “naturally managed arable lands” exhibited significant positive effect, while forests, orchards, and vineyards were deemed less favourable for House Martin populations. Within urban land covers, we found a clear distinction in the impact on House Martin populations, with a positive effect observed in urban infrastructure, development areas, and post-industrial sites (i.e., UrbanAreas), while an indifferent impact was noted within urban green spaces and landscaped areas (i.e., GreenUrban). Notably, our findings suggest that the simple spatial, age, and species structure typical of forests in Europe, and similarly, the uniform structure of parks and gardens, may be responsible for the decline in the abundance of the House Martin. We advocate for the preservation or enhancement of urban greenery, expansion of natural vegetation in rural areas and adoption of ecological management practices in orchards and vineyards to mitigate further declines in House Martin populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S205371662400029X/pdfft?md5=4ef3878f4d654120ceebbddeb7408b4e&pid=1-s2.0-S205371662400029X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the adult sex ratio of six duck species breeding populations over two decades","authors":"Monika Homolková ,&nbsp;Petr Musil ,&nbsp;Diego Pavón-Jordán ,&nbsp;Dorota Gajdošová ,&nbsp;Zuzana Musilová ,&nbsp;Šárka Neužilová ,&nbsp;Jan Zouhar","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite all efforts, long-term changes in the adult sex ratios of breeding duck populations are still unclear; this uncertainty is especially true for male-bias populations, which are often under the scrutiny of researchers lacking convenient results for the active protection of endangered species. Species with male-bias populations are usually strongly affected by a decline in population size that leads to a higher extinction risk. In this study, we examined our long-term data of the abundance of breeding populations in six duck species (Mallard <em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>, Gadwall <em>Mareca strepera</em>, Red-crested Pochard <em>Netta rufina</em>, Common Pochard <em>Aythya ferina</em>, Tufted Duck <em>Aythya fuligula</em>, and Common Goldeneye <em>Bucephala clangula</em>) from fishponds in South Bohemia, Czechia, between 2004 and 2022. This evidence was used to assess long-term changes in the adult sex ratio in these breeding populations and investigate the possible effects of the NAO index (North Atlantic Oscillation index) on them, indicating climate conditions in winter. We determined a long-term decrease of the proportion of females in the breeding season in two of the six examined species: Common Pochard and Red-crested Pochard, which is driven by the long-term increase in the number of males in contrast to the decreasing or stable number of females likely caused by different migration behaviours between females and males. In the case of Common Pochard, in breeding populations, we estimated 60–65% of males in the early 2000s rising to 75–80% in the early 2020s. However, we establish no significant effects linked to climate conditions of the previous winter in these species as a crucial cause of the changes of the proportion of females in the breeding population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000306/pdfft?md5=1df12b2afb6cc8acc30ce5531cbe4f12&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000306-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141313855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual consistency in spatiotemporal characteristics of migratory Whimbrels in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway","authors":"Siwei An ,&nbsp;Fenliang Kuang ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Chris J. Hassell ,&nbsp;Jonathan T. Coleman ,&nbsp;Zijing Gao ,&nbsp;Xuena Sun ,&nbsp;Yue Yuan ,&nbsp;Grace Maglio ,&nbsp;Kar-Sin K. Leung ,&nbsp;Xuesong Feng ,&nbsp;Zhijun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many migratory birds exhibit interannual consistency in migration schedules, routes and stopover sites. Detecting the interannual consistency in spatiotemporal characteristics helps understand the maintenance of migration and enables the implementation of targeted conservation measures. We tracked the migration of Whimbrel (<em>Numenius phaeopus</em>) in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway and collected spatiotemporal data from individuals that were tracked for at least two years. Wilcoxon non-parametric tests were used to compare the interannual variations in the dates of departure from and arrival at breeding/nonbreeding sites, and the interannual variation in the longitudes when the same individual across the same latitudes. Whimbrels exhibited a high degree of consistency in the use of breeding, nonbreeding, and stopover sites between years. The variation of arrival dates at nonbreeding sites was significantly larger than that of the departure dates from nonbreeding and breeding sites. Repeatedly used stopover sites by the same individuals in multiple years were concentrated in the Yellow Sea coast during northward migration, but were more widespread during southward migration. The stopover duration at repeatedly used sites was significantly longer than that at sites used only once. When flying across the Yellow Sea, Whimbrels breeding in Sakha (Yakutia) exhibited the highest consistency in migration routes in both autumn and spring. Moreover, the consistency in migration routes of Yakutia breeding birds was generally higher than that of birds breeding in Chukotka. Our results suggest that the northward migration schedule of the Whimbrels is mainly controlled by endogenous factors, while the southward migration schedule is less affected by endogenous factors. The repeated use of stopover sites in the Yellow Sea coast suggests this region is important for the migration of Whimbrel, and thus has high conservation value.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000343/pdfft?md5=98f38cb3424dcbe0c39b09eded713928&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000343-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding ecology and interactions with mammal hosts in a symbiotic genus of birds (Buphagus spp.) in Namibia","authors":"Michael S. Lukubwe ,&nbsp;Daniel Velarde-Garcéz ,&nbsp;Fernando Sequeira ,&nbsp;Susana Lopes ,&nbsp;Adrian J.F.K. Craig ,&nbsp;Vanessa A. Mata","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the sole obligate symbiotic birds in Africa, oxpeckers offer a unique model for studying symbiotic relationships. Due to the multitrophic level they occupy and the context dependent foraging behavior they exhibit, the type of symbiotic relationship can be variable. In addition to providing a cleaning service to the host by removing ticks, oxpeckers frequently feed on blood, mucus, and saliva, inflicting potential damage on the host. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding on faecal samples to analyze the taxonomic composition of the trophic interactions of the Yellow-billed Oxpecker (<em>Buphagus africanus</em>) and Red-billed Oxpecker (<em>B</em>. <em>erythrorhynchus</em>) in northeastern Namibia. In contrast to conventional methods, DNA metabarcoding allows for a detailed identification of dietary resources encompassing both mammal hosts and consumed arthropods within the same samples. With this information, we examined differences in the diet composition between oxpecker species and localities, as well as the co-occurrence between host and arthropod species. Our findings revealed that oxpeckers predominantly source their diet from mammals, ticks, and flies; however, ticks and flies rarely co-occur in the diet of an individual. We observed variability among individuals in their feeding ecology, which is strongly correlated with locality and, to a lesser extent, with the mammal host. We noted a high degree of mobility between hosts within relatively short periods, with 32% of the samples showing traces of at least two mammal hosts. This study illustrates the dynamic foraging behavior of these specialized symbiotic birds, shedding light on their potential role in pest control services and disease transmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000434/pdfft?md5=5ecbf36ebaf397bf6ade8579cad787ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000434-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The intensity of supplementary feeding in an urban environment impacts overwintering Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) as wintering conditions get harsher","authors":"Marta Witkowska ,&nbsp;Wojciech Wesołowski ,&nbsp;Martyna Markiewicz ,&nbsp;Jonasz Pakizer ,&nbsp;Julia Neumann ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Ożarowska ,&nbsp;Włodzimierz Meissner","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although urbanization poses various threats to avifauna, some bird species, including Mallards (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>), choose towns and cities as their wintering habitats, possibly due to favourable temperatures and abundant anthropogenic food. In this study, we investigated how population dynamics changed in relation to winter harshness and intensity of supplementary bird feeding in Mallard, a dabbing duck species well adapted to an urban environment. We surveyed 15 city ponds for five consecutive years, counting overwintering individuals and incidents of bird feeding conducted by the citizens of Gdańsk. Number of Mallards observed in the studied area fluctuated both annually and within seasons, with on average 327 (± SD = 108.5) individuals and a male-biased sex ratio reported. We observed a gradient of feeding intensity on the surveyed ponds, with number of feeding incidents ranging from 0 to 30 in a day. The results indicated that the number of Mallards increased with the bird feeding intensity, independently of the size of the studied ponds, and both males and females were similarly attracted by food provisioning. More severe wintering conditions, expressed by the percentage of the ice cover of studied ponds resulted in more birds wintering in the urban area. This effect was more pronounced in females compared to males, possibly due to females having a lower ability to withstand severe wintering conditions, forcing them to relocate towards urban areas. Our results confirm that urbanized areas may serve as wintering grounds for birds, due to additional food resources available there and milder wintering conditions compared to surrounding rural areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000483/pdfft?md5=a1ba67588dc67d79caeb4b0b09f01136&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000483-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed dispersal by wintering ducks in a coastal wetland of eastern China","authors":"Xin Luo ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Wei Tai ,&nbsp;Yao Cai ,&nbsp;Zheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Duck species are important vectors for seed dispersal of many plants, contributing significantly to the regeneration of wetland plant communities. However, research on the temporal changes in diet and the dynamics and differences of seed dispersal among different duck species is still limited. In this study, we analyzed the diversity of duck community and the diversity of seeds in the feces of different duck species from December to February for 2022–23 and 2023–24 in the coastal wetland of Dafeng, eastern Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 13 duck species were recorded in the four habitats, of which Spot-billed Ducks (<em>Anas zonorhyncha</em>) and Mallards (<em>A. platyrhynchos</em>) were the most abundant. The diversity and abundance of ducks vary across different habitats, and tidal flat supports the greatest diversity and abundance of ducks. We collected fecal samples from Spot-billed Ducks, Gadwalls (<em>Mareca strepera</em>), Mallards, and Eurasian Teals (<em>A. crecca</em>) in the tidal flat, from which seeds belonging to 7 families, 13 genera and 15 different plant species were obtained. There were significant differences in seed dispersal among the four duck species, which varied with the season. Gadwalls and Common Teals showed more significant diversity in seed dispersal, with their feces containing a greater variety of plant seeds, which is related to their broader dietary range and ecological adaptability. Furthermore, the seasonal variation in the number of seeds per feces reflected the availability of seeds in the habitat and the response of ducks to environmental changes, while variations in seed intake among different duck species may be associated with inter-annual weather condition changes. The results of this study will provide a new perspective for understanding the mechanisms of bird-mediated seed dispersal in coastal wetland and offer preliminary insights for the seed dispersal by Asian ducks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration pattern of a population of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) breeding in East Asian tropical region","authors":"Li Tian ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Zimei Feng ,&nbsp;Dan Hu ,&nbsp;Zhengwang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Birds exhibit a high degree of migratory diversity, which is influenced by various ecological factors and life history strategies. Conducting studies on tropical bird migration, of which research is scarce, and comparing it with temperate birds can enhance our understanding of bird migration behaviour and its underlying mechanisms. In this study, we explored the migration behaviour of a breeding population of the Barn Swallow (<em>Hirundo rustica</em>) in Zhanjiang, southern China, a region located in the northern tropics, using light-level geolocators. From 2021 to 2023, we deployed geolocators on 92 breeding swallows and retrieved geolocators successfully from 23 individuals. These swallows all exhibited migratory behaviour, and wintering on various islands in Southeast Asia. They displayed sex differences in their wintering locations. All males concentrated in Borneo, while females primarily chose Borneo but also dispersed to the Philippines, South China Sea, and Vietnam for wintering. The studied swallow population adopted a seasonal migration pattern of “indirect in autumn, direct in spring”, bypassing the ecological barrier of the South China Sea in autumn and tending to directly cross it in spring migration. Moreover, the distance and duration of autumn migration was significantly longer than those of the spring migration. Compared to temperate Barn Swallows, the Barn Swallow population breeding in Zhanjiang adopts a pattern of “intra-tropical migration” and initiates autumn migration earlier. The formation of their migration pattern may be limited by ecological and physiological factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000355/pdfft?md5=0a31b1176f8869d0d8a46ba8ed22e828&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000355-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) nestlings adapt their begging behavior to the host signal system","authors":"Sabah Mushtaq Puswal ,&nbsp;Guo Zhong ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Longwu Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Common Cuckoos (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>) dependent on parental care for post-hatching demonstrate an intriguing ability to modify their begging vocalizations to ensure maximum care and resources from their interspecific foster parents. Here, we compared begging calls of the Common Cuckoo nestlings fed by four host species, the Grey Bushchat (<em>Saxicola ferreus</em>), Siberian Stonechat (<em>Saxicola maurus</em>), Daurian Redstart (<em>Phoenicurus auroreus</em>), and Oriental Magpie-robin (<em>Copsychus saularis</em>). Results showed that begging calls of the stonechat–, redstart–, and robin–cuckoo resemble those of host species' nestlings in various aspects like low frequency, high frequency, frequency bandwidth and peak frequency, while the bushchat–cuckoo chicks' begging calls were only comparable to their host species in terms of how long they lasted and their peak frequency. In addition, cuckoo nestlings raised in different host nests displayed significant variations in their begging calls in low and peak frequency. This study suggests that cuckoo nestlings do not mimic host species nestlings' begging calls throughout the nestling period, but may tune their begging calls according to host species, while begging calls vary with cuckoo and host species nestlings' ages. Future research should study the parents’ reactions to these calls in different host species for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying such adaptations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000380/pdfft?md5=b4c988f8a0157252e4b67d973657b844&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000380-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"River width and depth as key factors of diurnal activity energy expenditure allocation for wintering Spot-billed Ducks in the Xin'an River Basin","authors":"Chao Yu ,&nbsp;Xuying Lu ,&nbsp;Deli Sun ,&nbsp;Mengnan Chu ,&nbsp;Xueyun Li ,&nbsp;Qun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rivers are important habitats for wintering waterbirds. However, they are easily influenced by natural and human activities. An important approach for waterbirds to adapt to habitats is adjusting the activity time and energy expenditure allocation of diurnal behavior. The compensatory foraging hypothesis predicts that increased energy expenditure leads to longer foraging time, which in turn increases food intake and helps maintain a constant energy balance. However, it is unclear whether human-disturbed habitats result in increased energy expenditure related to safety or foraging. In this study, the scan sample method was used to observe the diurnal behavior of the wintering Spot-billed Duck (<em>Anas poecilorhyncha</em>) in two rivers in the Xin'an River Basin from October 2021 to March 2022. The allocation of time and energy expenditure for activity in both normal and disturbed environments was calculated. The results showed that foraging accounted for the highest percentage of time and energy expenditure. Additionally, foraging decreased in the disturbed environment than that in the normal environment. Resting behavior showed the opposite trend, while other behaviors were similar in both environments. The total diurnal energy expenditure of ducks in the disturbed environment was greater than that in the normal environment, with decreased foraging and resting time percentage and increased behaviors related to immediate safety (swimming and alert) and comfort. These results oppose the compensatory foraging hypothesis in favor of increased security. The optimal diurnal energy expenditure model included river width and water depth, which had a positive relationship; an increase in either of these two factors resulted in an increase in energy expenditure. This study provides a better understanding of energy allocation strategies underlying the superficial time allocation of wintering waterbirds according to environmental conditions. Exploring these changes can help understand the maximum fitness of wintering waterbirds in response to nature and human influences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000021/pdfft?md5=71179c63115603940e0957fac02c644d&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139663069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}