Avian Research最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Crown saturation and intrasexual dominance: Evidence of a negatively correlated handicap in male Saffron Finches” [Avian Res. 16 (2025) 100241]","authors":"Camilo Ernesto Espinosa , James Montoya Lerma , Hector Fabio Rivera-Gutierrez , Lorena Cruz-Bernate","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size of the ulna and taxonomic order affect vane dimensions of secondary remiges in birds","authors":"D.C. Deeming,&nbsp;E.P. Bayliss,&nbsp;E. Ketley","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The number of secondary feathers varies among orders of birds with some orders exhibiting a positive relationship with ulna length, whereas in other orders secondary number is invariant. This difference has implications for scaling of the width of the feather vane within orders. In those species where the number of secondary remiges is invariant with ulna length, vane width should scale isometrically with ulna size to maintain an aerodynamic flight surface. Where feather count increases with increasing ulna length then vane width should exhibit negative allometry. Vane length should also correlate with ulna length, irrespective of the number of feathers. Data were compiled from an online library of images for the vane length and the width of the vane at 50% of the vane length for the fifth secondary feather for 209 bird species from 24 different orders. The results supported the hypotheses that vane width is a function of ulna size, and the number of secondary feathers as associated with different orders. Vane length was unaffected by the number of secondaries but varied between orders. The results suggest that birds have solved the problem of maintaining the aerodynamic surface of the proximal wing in two ways. Hence as ulna length increases the first solution involves more feathers that exhibit negative allometry for vane width, or in the second where feather count doesn't change, the vane width simply scales isometrically. The implications for the mechanical properties of the vane, and how it affects wing function, have not yet been explored in a range of birds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of China's natural forest protection project on habitat distribution of key protected birds in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Changli Bu ,&nbsp;Wendong Xie ,&nbsp;Zihe Ma ,&nbsp;Yifei Wang ,&nbsp;Yun Fang ,&nbsp;Kai Song ,&nbsp;Yue-Hua Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP), initiated by the Chinese government in 2000, is a crucial ecological construction project that has played a significant role in forest restoration in China. Forests in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) serve as important habitats for many rare and endemic birds. Understanding the conservation efficiency of NFPP implementation on these birds holds significant practical significance. In this study, we utilized land use change matrices to analyze the forest changes in the QTP before and after NFPP implementation, predicted the potential spatial distribution of 16 nationally protected birds using Species Distribution Models (SDMs), and compared the impacts of this project on bird habitats under different carbon emission scenarios. Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> tests were employed to analyze the adaptation of different birds to forest changes during NFPP implementation. Our results showed that NFPP protected 172,398 km² of primary forests and added 6379 km² of secondary forests in our study area. The potential spatial distribution and sympatric species richness of the 16 protected birds slightly increased after NFPP implementation under different climate change scenarios, and NFPP implementation contributed to improving the potential spatial distribution of birds. Compared to newly established secondary forests, protected primary forests exhibited enhanced conservation for forest birds (<em>Z</em><em>-</em>value &gt; 0 for six bird species, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.1), while being less suitable for non-forest birds (significantly unsuitable for three non-forest bird species, <em>Z</em><em>-</em>value &lt; 0, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05; non-significantly unsuitable for four non-forest bird species, <em>Z</em><em>-</em>value &lt; 0, <em>P</em> &gt; 0.1). This indicates that the protection of primary forests during NFPP implementation benefits forest bird conservation while the addition of secondary forests is beneficial to non-forest birds. To enhance the role of NFPP in avian conservation in the QTP, it is suggested to increase the landscape heterogeneity of forest, particularly in newly established secondary forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat suitability and influencing factors of a threatened highland flagship species, the Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis)","authors":"Hongying Xu ,&nbsp;Ru Jia ,&nbsp;Hongrui Lv ,&nbsp;Ge Sun ,&nbsp;Dongping Liu ,&nbsp;Hongyan Yu ,&nbsp;Cunxin Ma ,&nbsp;Tian Ma ,&nbsp;Wenhong Deng ,&nbsp;Guogang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluating the habitat suitability of flagship species and its key influencing factors is vital for understanding potential conservation issues and developing coping strategies. We surveyed the wintering population size and distribution of the Black-necked Crane (<em>Grus nigricollis</em>) in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB) from 10 to 29 January 2022, and predicted the current potentially suitable habitat distribution and its effective factors using the MaxEnt model. A total of 9337 wintering Black-necked Cranes were recorded in the YZRB in 2022, 76.58 % of which were primarily found in Lhunzub, Samzhubze, Namling, and Lhaze. Compared to 2018, the crane population has exhibited a notable decline in Samzhubze and Taktse, likely due to farmland plowing, winter irrigation, changes in agricultural practices, road construction and hydraulic projects. The crane population within various counties exhibited a significant positive correlation with the suitable habitat area (<em>r</em> = 0.70, <em>P</em> = 0.002, <em>n</em> = 17). We also found that the currently suitable habitat area covered 17,204 km², of which only 3244 km² (18.86 %) was effectively protected at the national level, which was predominantly distributed in farmland and rangeland habitats characterized by gentle slopes, altitudes not exceeding 4500 m, and proximity to human settlements along rivers, where suitable isothermal values (51) and less seasonal precipitation (20 mm) prevail. Our study will be helpful for formulating reasonable conservation strategies to protect the core population of this threatened highland flagship species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crown saturation and intrasexual dominance: Evidence of a negatively correlated handicap in male Saffron Finches","authors":"Camilo Ernesto Espinosa ,&nbsp;James Montoya Lerma ,&nbsp;Hector Fabio Rivera-Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Lorena Cruz-Bernate","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carotenoid-based plumage coloration may signal individuals’ overall body condition, influencing reproduction and survival of birds. In tropical species, little is known about the influence of color on social interactions and mate attraction. We evaluated the chromatic variation of 136 adult Saffron Finches (<em>Sicalis flaveola</em>) in Cali and Jamundí, Colombia. Our aim was to determine whether plumage coloration in this social, abundant, and widely distributed species is a signal used in mate choice and establishment of hierarchies. We predicted that there was intrasexual chromatic variation in crown and throat, and that individuals with higher saturation, regardless of sex, would be preferred by opposite sex and they would be dominant in intrasexual aggressive interactions, reflecting better condition. We quantified the reflectance of the crown and throat with visible and ultraviolet light (300–700 nm) subsequent to the molecular sex determination of each individual. Our results suggest that the chromatic variation in the crown and throat is explained by the perception of medium and long wavelengths in both sexes. Additionally, saturation is the color characteristic that best explains the chromatic variation. We formed duos of individuals based on chromatic contrast and conducted 23 mate choice experiments and 21 dominance experiments. The analysis of spectra and experiments revealed that dominance in males was associated with less saturated crowns. Our results reveal that in the Saffron Finches the “negatively correlated handicap” is a plausible hypothesis. Crown color appears to mediate dominance interactions, with less saturated males potentially taking greater risks to gain access to resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of climatic conditions in wintering and breeding quarters on long-term breeding success in the Common Swift","authors":"Marco Cucco ,&nbsp;Giovanni Boano ,&nbsp;Carlo Ciani ,&nbsp;Mauro Ferri ,&nbsp;Luciano Gelfi ,&nbsp;Fausto Minelli ,&nbsp;Irene Pellegrino","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change can affect rainfall and temperature worldwide, and the ability of birds to react to these changes can be mirrored by studying population phenology and their breeding success. Some European species have advanced arrival and breeding dates in response to local spring advancement, but conditions experienced during winter seasons may also affect arrival dates and subsequent breeding success. We utilized data collected from 1983 to 2020 in four colonies of Common Swift (<em>Apus apus</em>) in Northern Italy (5486 breeding attempts) to examine the variations of laying date and breeding success in relation to non-breeding conditions (previous winter in Africa) and local conditions in breeding period (spring). Climatic conditions were monitored using the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices to describe conditions experienced in winter quarters and the local temperature and rainfall conditions of the breeding area. Common Swifts laid their eggs earlier in warmer springs, and this in turn had a positive effect on breeding success. We did not find evidence for any effects of African winter conditions on laying date nor on breeding success. However, because studies made in the same area have demonstrated a relationship of winter conditions (NAO) on individual survival, our data highlight the importance of considering environmental variables across the annual life cycle to understand variation in Common Swift populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of female bubbling calls: Within- and between-species variation among the four species of Cuculus cuckoos","authors":"Sue-Jeong Jin ,&nbsp;Hae-Ni Kim ,&nbsp;Jun-Seo Go ,&nbsp;Myeong-Chan Cha ,&nbsp;Heesoo Lee ,&nbsp;Seongho Yun ,&nbsp;Jin-Won Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In brood-parasitic <em>Cuculus</em> cuckoos, male vocalizations are species-specific and easily distinguishable, whereas female calls are remarkably similar across species, making species identification challenging. In this study, we examined the structural characteristics and variability of female bubbling calls among four <em>Cuculus</em> species (Common Cuckoo <em>C. canorus</em>, Oriental Cuckoo <em>C. optatus</em>, Indian Cuckoo <em>C. micropterus</em>, and Lesser Cuckoo <em>C. poliocephalus</em>) breeding in South Korea. Comprehensive acoustic analyses of seven call parameters, using recordings from 2021 to 2023, were conducted to quantify the characteristics of their calls and compare within- and between-individual variability across species. Significant differences were found across all call parameters, with the Common Cuckoo producing the highest number of notes and the Oriental Cuckoo the lowest-frequency calls. Despite these differences, the overall structure of the calls remained acoustically similar, with overlapping characteristics across species. Furthermore, female Common Cuckoos exhibited greater within-individual variability in their calls, while the other species showed higher between-individual variability, which may further complicate species identification based vocalization alone. These findings highlight the complexities of female vocalizations in <em>Cuculus</em> cuckoos and suggest that ecological, social, and evolutionary factors may contribute to this vocal variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of free-ranging yaks on habitat occupancy and population density of a high-mountain rare pheasant species","authors":"Gaqie E ,&nbsp;Yuehong Cheng ,&nbsp;Panyan Yang ,&nbsp;Luhong Wang ,&nbsp;Mei Xiao ,&nbsp;Long Zhang ,&nbsp;Caiquan Zhou ,&nbsp;Pinjia Que ,&nbsp;Bin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Free-ranging yak grazing is a regime specially adapted to high-elevation environments across the Pan-Tibetan Highlands, yet its impacts on alpine birds remain poorly understood. The Chinese Monal (<em>Lophophorus lhuysii</em>) is a rare pheasant species that serves as a representative and umbrella species for alpine meadow ecosystems in the mountains of Southwest China, and has long been regarded as threatened by free-ranging yaks. However, the actual impacts and specific mechanisms through which yak grazing influences Chinese Monal have not been empirically tested. Here, we conducted infrared camera monitoring in alpine meadows within the Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China, from 2019 to 2022. We analyzed the effects of free-ranging yaks on habitat occupancy, activity pattern, and population density of the Chinese Monal using multispecies occupancy models, kernel density estimations, avoidance attraction ratios, and random encounter models. We found that interactions with yaks affect monal habitat occupancy in conjunction with other ecological factors. Specifically, the presence of yaks alters monals’ occupancy responses to variations in grass cover and elevation, causing monals to use habitats with lower grass cover and elevation more frequently. Additionally, the activity patterns of the Chinese Monal and yaks are significantly different, and the presence of yaks significantly prolongs the time until monals re-occupy the same habitats. As an outcome of the cumulative effects of spatial and temporal avoidance, the population density of the Chinese Monal negatively correlated with increasing grazing intensity. This study provides the first empirical evidence of the negative impacts of free-ranging yaks on the Chinese Monal and elucidates the underlying mechanisms, highlighting great risks to conservation of this vulnerable species. Our findings inform the optimization of grazing management that balances production with conservation. Strict control over yak numbers and grazing areas in critical habitats for Chinese Monal and other threatened species could be a feasible compromise to mitigate these pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving away from home: Early life movements and space use in juvenile Montagu’s Harriers (Circus pygargus) from central Italy","authors":"Giampiero Sammuri ,&nbsp;Guido Alari Esposito ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Anselmi ,&nbsp;Francesco Pezzo ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Rizzo Pinna ,&nbsp;Andrea Sforzi ,&nbsp;Flavio Monti","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing individual differences and variability in animal movement patterns is essential to improve our understanding of the evolution and ontogeny of migratory strategies. In long-distance migratory species, fledged juveniles often rely on an extremely restricted time span to learn the essential skills for survival and to prepare for migration, possibly the most risky phase of their lives. Collecting detailed information on the dynamics of the movements during the crucial pre-migratory phase is hence essential to understand the solutions developed by migratory species in different environmental contexts. Here, we used high-resolution GPS/GSM transmitters to collect information on the movement ecology of seven juvenile Montagu's Harriers (<em>Circus pygargus</em>) born in central Italy, investigating their early life stages, namely the post-fledging dependence period (PFDP) and the pre-migratory phase (PMP), until autumn migration. After fledging, individuals showed high variability (both in space and time) in home range size, daily distances covered (6.88 ± 11.44 km/day), distance from the nest (1.45 ± 2.8 km) and PFDP length (23.3 ± 5.3 days). Residence time at the natal site significantly decreased, while time interval between revists in the natal area significantly increased, as the PFDP progressed. During the PMP, explored areas and distance from the nest (max value up to 320.8 km) varied among individuals, despite daily distances covered (27 ± 40 km/day) and time allocation between traveling (60.7%) and foraging (39.3%) were similar across individuals. The PMP lasted 38 ± 14 days. Land cover composition of foraging locations was mostly represented by agricultural lands (∼78.2%), though habitat use differed among individuals. More than 76% of such locations were outside protected areas. This individual-based tracking study represents a novel approach that improves previous knowledge based on field studies on the early life stages of the Montagu's Harrier. High inter-individual variability in movement patterns, broad-range exploratory movements and foraging locations outside the protected area network make the application of standard conservation measures difficult, raising concerns about the long-term preservation of this vulnerable migratory species in Italy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinguishing between wild-caught and captive-bred Common Pheasant using methylation rate of skeletal muscle DNA","authors":"Wenhui Wang ,&nbsp;Lijun Lin ,&nbsp;Yue Ma ,&nbsp;Yan Cui ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jincheng Yang ,&nbsp;Yongheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Liangyu Cui ,&nbsp;Boyang Liu ,&nbsp;Chang Su ,&nbsp;Mengjia Yu ,&nbsp;Yuwei Gao ,&nbsp;Peng Gao ,&nbsp;Yujia Du ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Kamili ,&nbsp;Shuhui Yang ,&nbsp;Yanchun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Illegal hunting and trafficking of wildlife and their derivatives extort unprecedented population decline of relatively many species pushing them towards extinction. Notwithstanding contemporary counteracting interventions at international, regional, national and local levels, wildlife farming is advocated as an alternative approach to minimize pressure on wild populations. For wildlife farming to be an effective conservation tool, the integration of wildlife forensics is inevitable to allow distinction between captive-bred and wild-caught species. To this end, we analyzed methylation rates of skeletal muscle samples (pectoralis major, triceps brachii, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, and neck muscles) from 60 captive-bred and 30 wild-caught Common Pheasant. A total of 13,507 differentially methylated regions were identified between five wild-caught and five captive-bred individuals through whole-genome methylation sequencing (WGBS). Based on the selected five methylation sites, <em>LOC116231076</em>, <em>LOC116242223</em>, <em>ATAD2B</em>, <em>EGFL6</em>, and <em>HS2ST</em>, quantitative detection technique was developed using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting curve (MS-HRM) to measure methylation rates. The results showed significant differences in methylation rates at all differential sites between wild-caught and captive-bred individuals (|<em>t</em>| = 0.67–33.10, <em>P</em> = 0.000–0.042). The discrimination accuracy rate of each locus was highest in the gastrocnemius muscle and lowest in the neck muscle. The discrimination accuracy rate on <em>LOC116231076</em>, <em>LOC116242223</em>, <em>ATAD2B</em>, <em>EGFL6</em>, and <em>HS2ST</em> methylation sites for gastrocnemius muscle was 64.98%, 100.00%, 68.54%, 63.79%, and 63.70%, respectively; and for neck muscle it was 67.42%, 68.06%, 83.61%, 65.04%, and 68.85%, respectively. The united discrimination accuracy rate of the five loci were 100.00% for gastrocnemius muscle, 99.78% for biceps femoris muscle, 97.52% for pectoralis major muscle, 93.96% for triceps brachii muscle, and 91.63% for neck muscle, respectively. The panel also revealed excellent repeatability, reproducibility, sensitivity and universality to mammals and avian species. This study establishes an effective, accurate and low-cost identification technology for the identification of wild and farmed Common Pheasant, and also provides a reference for the development of identification methods for other species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}