Avian Research最新文献

{"title":"Urbanization enhances the breeding performance but does not affect the reproductive success of Chinese Blackbird (Turdus mandarinus)","authors":"Zijing Liao ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Long Ma ,&nbsp;Fengxi Hu ,&nbsp;Wenjing Lu ,&nbsp;Mingwang Chen ,&nbsp;Junpeng Bai ,&nbsp;Yuqing Han ,&nbsp;Peng Chen ,&nbsp;Chaoying Zhu ,&nbsp;Luzhang Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2026.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2026.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization provides novel habitats for bird species, while simultaneously posing numerous threats to them. Although several bird species have successfully adapted to urbanization, the underlying adaptation mechanisms of reproductive success remain poorly understood in rapidly urbanizing areas. To this aim, a total of 168 breeding pairs of the Chinese Blackbird (<em>Turdus mandarinus</em>) were monitored during the breeding season (March–July) from 2018 to 2023. We used environmental factors (including nest tree variables, and concealment variables), phenotypic characteristics of nestlings, number of nest predation events, and quantified urbanization scores to understand the impact of urbanization on breeding performance of Chinese Blackbirds. In our study, generalized linear models and structural equation modeling showed that Chinese Blackbirds tended to initiate laying earlier and lay eggs with larger volume along an increasing urbanization gradient. We also found that urbanization did not affect the growth condition of nestlings, and the predation risk was lower in more urbanized habitats. Most importantly, urbanization did not have negative consequences on the reproductive success of Chinese Blackbirds. Our results show changes in the breeding behavior of Chinese Blackbirds as they adapt to rapid urbanization and suggest that certain more urbanized areas may be suitable for the breeding of bird populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bird banding in Asia: Contributions, challenges, and prospects","authors":"Dongping Liu ,&nbsp;Philip D. Round ,&nbsp;Wenjia Chen ,&nbsp;Tianhao Zhao ,&nbsp;Taku Mizuta ,&nbsp;Sergei P. Kharitonov ,&nbsp;Dong-Won Kim ,&nbsp;Bekzhan Berdikulov ,&nbsp;Batmunkh Davaasuren ,&nbsp;Chi-Yeung Choi ,&nbsp;David Li ,&nbsp;Anna Moulin ,&nbsp;Lixia Chen ,&nbsp;Guogang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengwang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongxing Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2026.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2026.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bird banding is internationally recognized as one of the most useful and cost-effective methods for avian monitoring. While widely adopted in Europe and North America—where it has played a pivotal role in collecting foundational data, significantly advancing the understanding of avian demography, migration, population dynamics, and conservation—bird banding in Asia lags considerably behind. Given Asia's rich avian diversity and the severe threats the birds face, there is an urgent need to promote increased bird banding as part of a strategy to effectively conserve both resident and migratory birds and protect their habitats across the region. However, information on the overall status of bird banding in Asia remains scarce, limiting the development of future initiatives in this field. To address this gap, based on integrative methods of banding data analysis, a literature review, and a questionnaire survey across 16 major Asian countries, we delineate the history and status of bird banding across the region, and review how bird banding efforts contributed to the collection of standardized data supporting avian conservation and research. We identify the key challenges facing bird banding in Asia, with a focus on the lack of legislation and policy support, shortage of trained personnel, and incomplete bird banding network. As a response, we indicate the prospects for the future development of Asian bird banding, highlighting priorities of establishing clear and consistent protocols, training and recruiting qualified banders, building and connecting banding networks, and expanding the educational and outreach role of banding stations. We offer new insights into promoting Asian bird banding as an indispensable bird monitoring tool in the challenges of avian conservation at both the flyway and global scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape and habitat effects on functional and phylogenetic diversity and structure of bird communities in fragmented habitats within an urban landscape, Southwest China","authors":"Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Xie ,&nbsp;Yun Zhu ,&nbsp;Su Wu ,&nbsp;Shirui Yu ,&nbsp;Lingchen Liao ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2026.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2026.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how landscape and habitat characteristics shape species diversity and community structure in fragmented habitats offers insights into the impact of fragmentation on biodiversity. However, relying solely on taxonomic metrics is insufficient to reveal their effects; incorporating functional and phylogenetic dimensions, while accounting for the complex (direct and indirect) relationships between landscape and habitat characteristics, is essential for elucidating the mechanisms of community assembly. By investigating birds in 30 remnant woodlot patches (0.3–290.4 ha) within an urban landscape, Southwest China, during the breeding seasons from 2017 to 2023, we examined the influence of landscape characteristics (i.e., patch area, isolation, and shape index) and habitat characteristics (including habitat composition and woody plant richness) on their functional and phylogenetic diversity and structure. We recorded 80 bird species, with species richness per patch varying from 14 to 58. Both functional and phylogenetic diversity increased with patch area and woody plant richness but decreased with isolation, which was measured as the percentage of built-up area within a 500 m buffer surrounding patches. Bird communities in most patches showed a trend toward functional and phylogenetic clustering. Functional clustering intensified with increasing isolation but weakened with higher woody plant richness, while phylogenetic clustering weakened as the proportion of croplands increased. The results suggest that landscape and habitat characteristics jointly explain the fragmentation effects on functional and phylogenetic diversity and structure of bird communities, with environmental filtering and niche differentiation-based competition likely acting as context-dependent underlying mechanisms. These findings highlight the importance of protecting and restoring large habitat patches with greater plant richness, expanding green spaces, allotment gardens, or corridors, and minimizing the density of built-up areas across the landscape to maintain functionally or phylogenetically diverse communities in urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precisely targeting host activity for parasitism by Common Cuckoos","authors":"Guo Zhong ,&nbsp;Guixia Wan ,&nbsp;Longwu Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2026.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2026.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of parasitic strategies through tracking host life-history patterns represents a key adaptive trait in avian brood parasites. However, when hosts successfully exploit human-modified environments—such as diverse and concealed nesting sites—the mechanisms enabling cuckoos (<em>Cuculus</em> spp.) to accurately locate and parasitize such nests remains unclear. The Daurian Redstart (<em>Phoenicurus auroreus</em>), a human-commensal secondary cavity-nester, often breeds in diverse artificial structures—leading to variable and concealed nest locations—making it an ideal system to study this question. Using long-term field monitoring and a nestbox attraction experiment, we investigated how Common Cuckoos (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>) locate and parasitize such concealed nests. Our results show no significant variation in Common Cuckoo parasitism rates across different natural nesting sites. However, nestboxes that were more exposed experienced higher parasitism rates than natural nests. Furthermore, cuckoos targeted exclusively those boxes with active host attendance, rather than boxes occupied by other species. This study provides the first evidence of cuckoo parasitism on a human-associated host nesting indoors, underscoring the key role of host activity cues and suggesting that cuckoos, like their hosts, are also adapting to anthropogenic refuges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal variation in potential gosling development windows across Mongolian Plateau in relation to climate change","authors":"Junjian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Iderbat Damba ,&nbsp;Nyambayar Batbayar ,&nbsp;Zhenggang Xu ,&nbsp;Lei Cao ,&nbsp;Anthony David Fox","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is altering vegetation phenology, differentially affecting food quality and availability for the gosling development (and therefore fitness) of migratory herbivores, especially those experiencing range contraction and fragmentation. By quantifying the climate-vegetation nexus for two waterbird species of contrasting conservation status, we assessed the differential implications of climate change in semi-arid landscapes for gosling development windows in different parts of their mid-latitude breeding ranges. We defined breeding ranges using telemetry data from 663 summering tracks of tagged Swan Geese (<em>Anser cygnoides</em>) and Greylag Geese (<em>A. anser</em>) breeding across the Mongolian Plateau. Within these areas, we systematically analyzed spatiotemporal variations in vegetation phenology based on MODIS NDVI datasets from 2000 to 2024 and their response to climate factors. Combining the above data, we demonstrated synchrony between goose breeding phenology and vegetation phenological indices: gosling hatching coincided with the start of growing season (SOS), autumn migration initiation with the end of growing season (EOS). We determined temporal and geographical variation in vegetation SOS, EOS and the length of growing season (LOS = EOS − SOS) as a proxy for gosling development windows across the Mongolian Plateau. Mean LOS was 107 ± 13 days, generally sufficient for gosling development (c. 113 days), but showed spatial heterogeneity, increasing in the west but shortening in the east of Mongolian Plateau. SOS was delayed with higher land surface temperature and lower precipitation/aridity in central/eastern Mongolian Plateau, but advanced in the west. Elevation of these three climatic factors delayed EOS across Mongolian Plateau. Climate warming and hydric stress may trigger synergistic SOS-delay and EOS-advance effects in the central and eastern Mongolian Plateau, increasing differential phenological mismatch risks to offspring fitness, thereby potentially affecting population growth rates and distributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decadal banding efforts pay off: Assessing Chinese Crested Tern conservation through resighting data","authors":"Siyu Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Ding ,&nbsp;Yiwei Lu ,&nbsp;Xilai Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Yan ,&nbsp;Cheng Qian ,&nbsp;Ke He ,&nbsp;Zhongyong Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The critically endangered Chinese Crested Tern (<em>Thalasseus bernsteini</em>, CCT) and its common flocking companion, the Greater Crested Tern (<em>Thalasseus bergii</em>, GCT), have been the focus of targeted recovery efforts in the Jiushan Archipelago of Zhejiang Province, China since 2013. To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these measures and address key knowledge gaps in population dynamics and migration ecology, we analyzed ten years (2015–2024) of banding and citizen science data, comprising 116 CCT and 3501 GCT resighting records. We estimated survival rates using both directly derived survival rate (based on resighting rate after two years) and Cormack-Jolly-Seber modeling, and examined migration connectivity and climate risks. Results showed robust juvenile survival: modeled survival for the tern chick population was lower in the first two years (63.9 ± 12.0%) but exceeded 78% thereafter. This was also supported by resighting rate after two years: CCT 77.27%, GCT 70.42%. A key divergence in post-breeding migration was identified: CCT moves northward to stopover sites such as Nantong, Rizhao, and Jiaozhou Bay, whereas GCT migrates southward. Climate data confirmed that northern stopover sites do not pose higher storm risks, indicating that CCT's northward migration is not a population liability. Furthermore, connectivity among breeding islands in Zhejiang and the Matsu Archipelago reveals a nascent coastal breeding network along China's coast. These findings underscore the importance of protecting both the northern migration route and the breeding island network to ensure full life-cycle conservation of CCT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of migratory shorebird populations in Korean coastal wetlands within the East Asian–Australasian Flyway","authors":"Seung-Yeon Lee ,&nbsp;Seung-woo Han ,&nbsp;Eun-Hong Lim ,&nbsp;Dae Han Cho ,&nbsp;Young-Hun Jeong ,&nbsp;Soon-Sik Kim ,&nbsp;Jaeung Jang ,&nbsp;Si-Wan Lee ,&nbsp;Doo-Pyo Lee ,&nbsp;Hong-Shik Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shorebirds migrate long-distances along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway (EAAF), exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal fluctuations in population dynamics. Because of habitat degradation and population declines at key stopover sites along the EAAF, the South Korea's coastal wetlands have gained increasing attention for their ecological value. This study analyzed the shorebird population dynamics across 35 coastal wetlands in South Korea from 2016 to 2024 using data from the National Marine Ecosystem Monitoring Program. For the time-series analysis, we employed three indicators: seasonal changes in abundance, short-term fluctuations (<em>Fi</em>), and long-term trends, assessed using the TRends and Indices for Monitoring data (TRIM) model. Abundance, species richness, and Shannon diversity indices were assessed across the regions during spring and autumn. The TRIM results revealed significant population increases in both seasons (“Strong increase” in spring and “Moderate increase” in autumn). Species-level trends indicated notable increases in large-bodied shorebirds, including globally threatened species such as the Far Eastern Curlew (<em>Numenius madagascariensis</em>), Eurasian Curlew (<em>N. arquata</em>), and Eurasian Oystercatcher (<em>Haematopus ostralegus</em>), whereas other species showed variable responses. The Yellow Sea region (Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Western Jeolla) showed high biodiversity indices in spring, which may be associated with time-minimization strategies, whereas autumn patterns were characterized by more flexible and selective stopover use, possibly related to energy-minimization strategies. The East Coast and Jeju regions showed the lowest biodiversity indices. Furthermore, community-level analyses using Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and PERMANOVA revealed distinct clustering of bird assemblages by macro-region and season, confirming significant spatial differentiation in community composition. These findings contrast with the broader declining trends reported across the EAAF and suggest that South Korea's coastal wetlands may serve as stable alternative stopover habitats, potentially supporting the redistribution or recovery of some species. This study highlights the importance of transboundary cooperation and region-specific habitat management that reflects local ecological contexts for effective conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microgeographic variation in the songs of an endemic Hawaiian honeycreeper","authors":"Paulo C. Ditzel ,&nbsp;Esther Sebastián-González ,&nbsp;Patrick J. Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many bird species are known to differ in their vocal repertoires between populations across a range of geographic scales. This is generally assumed to be caused by acoustic drift and social learning of small differences in songs among individuals in separate populations. To determine the extent to which vocal repertoire is structured in a highly nomadic species with a low degree of isolation among populations, we characterized the vocalizations of the ‘Apapane (<em>Himatione sanguinea</em>) and described the variations in its songs on a microgeographic scale. ‘Apapane had significant shifts in their songs in both fragmented and non-fragmented forest habitats, with little to no overlap in song meme structure within distances as short as 2 km, despite birds moving freely between areas with distinct songs. Forest fragments had unique song compositions and shared more syllables with closer fragments than with the ones further apart. Furthermore, microgeographic variation was relatively stable at a given recording location even over multiple years. This pattern of song differentiation in a highly mobile species at the microgeographic scale may be a consequence of their ability to learn new vocalizations over their life and of intraspecific mimicry, or “vocal matching” by individuals visiting other populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CDA-Net: Cross dimensional attention network for wetland bird detection","authors":"Jia'nan Lv ,&nbsp;Changchun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiangjian Xie ,&nbsp;Junguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring waterbirds is vital for evaluating the ecological health of wetlands, and object detection offers an automated solution for identifying birds in monitoring imagery. However, conventional detection methods often overlook the multi-scale nature of bird targets, limiting their ability to capture rich contextual information across different scales. To address this, we propose a cross-dimensional attention network (CDA-Net) for bird detection that integrates spatial and channel information to improve species recognition. The proposed CDA-Net partitions feature maps into multiple channel wise sub-features. Spatial and channel attention are applied to each sub-feature, and the resulting features are fused using the Hadamard product. The fused features are then forwarded to the detection head to generate the final detection results. This approach effectively captures and integrates information across spatial and channel dimensions. Experiments on our self-constructed Nanhai Wetland Waterbird Dataset and the public CUB-200-2011 dataset yield precision scores of 91.32% and 81.99%, respectively, outperforming existing methods. Our approach effectively handles scale variation in bird detection and provides a valuable tool for advancing automated wetland waterbird monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The satellite tracking of Great Snipes from European Russia reveals low migratory connectivity","authors":"Tatiana V. Sviridova ,&nbsp;Anna A. Bazhanova ,&nbsp;Stepan M. Soloviev ,&nbsp;Christoph Zöckler","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Great Snipe (<em>Gallinago media</em>) is a shorebird which has a Near Threatened status on the global scale. However, little is known about its migration strategy from the breeding range in Russia. This study is the first one aiming to reveal migration routes, stopovers and wintering grounds of adult Great Snipes from their breeding range in Russia using GPS devices. We also analyzed connectivity of Great Snipes from different breeding populations of this species during non-breeding season. In 2021, we equipped seven males and three females with satellite transmitters, ICARUS Basic Tags, in the breeding range in central European Russia (56°75′ N, 37°65 E). One female appeared later in tundra of north-eastern Europe. In the second half of July to early September, birds migrated to Africa in a fairly wide front and made stopovers in Europe before crossing seas and the Sahara. Our data allowed to suppose high mortality of birds on migration, especially during the trans-Saharan flight. Only four Great Snipes reached Africa alive during southward migration. These birds spread over across wide area from Eritrea to Ghana after the trans-Saharan flight, after which they moved in a general westward direction and made final prolonged stopovers in Ghana or to the south of Chad Lake. In October/December birds relocated to wintering grounds in Sub-Equatorial Afrotropics as far as the south of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia; with intermediate winter sites in low and middle reaches of the Congo Basin. Together with other published results, our data showed wide overlap of African non-breeding grounds of birds coming from lowland Eastern European and mountain Scandinavian breeding populations. The results also indicated insufficient conservation status of migration stopovers and wintering sites, used by Great Snipes, and demonstrated high importance of West Africa for conservation of this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}