Avian Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the microbiome of sympatric wintering Bean Geese, Domestic Ducks, humans, and soil at Shengjin Lake of China reveals potential public risk to human health","authors":"Gang Liu,&nbsp;Na Xu,&nbsp;Chongyang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gut microbiota of migratory waterbirds is affected by various complex factors, including cross-species transmission, which increases the risk of pathogen spreading among sympatric animals and poses a potential public health risk to humans. In this study, we investigated the microbial communities of wintering Bean Geese (<em>Anser fabalis</em>), Domestic Ducks (<em>A</em>. <em>platyrhynchos domesticus</em>), humans, and soil using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene region in Shengjin Lake, China. In total, 6,046,677 clean reads were obtained, representing 41,119 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across the four groups. The dominant microbial phyla were the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota. The Sorensen similarity index and alpha and beta diversity results showed that the gut microbial communities of Bean Geese and Domestic Ducks were more similar to those of the other pairs. Network analysis revealed that <em>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</em>, <em>Pseudomonas fragi</em>, and <em>Bradyrhizobium elkanii</em> were hubs of the three major modules. Fourteen common microbiomes were identified in Bean Geese, Domestic Ducks, humans, and soil in Shengjin Lake. A total of 96 potential pathogens were identified among the four groups, with 20 specific potentially pathogenic microbiomes found in the gut of Bean Geese. Some of these pathogens are responsible for significant financial losses in the poultry industry and pose risks to human health. <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>Morganella morganii</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and <em>Ralstonia insidiosa</em> are potential core pathogens found in the four groups at Shengjin Lake that can cause diseases in humans and animals and facilitate cross-species transmission through various media. Therefore, humans are at risk of contracting these pathogens from migratory birds because of their frequent contact with domestic poultry. However, further studies are required to explore the potential pathogenic species and transmission pathways among sympatric wintering Bean Geese, Domestic Ducks, humans, and soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000185/pdfft?md5=27cd002573c4004062dde466f331806d&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000185-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian responses to an extreme weather event: The case of the ‘Filomena’ snowstorm in Madrid (central Spain)","authors":"Carlos Lázaro ,&nbsp;Carlos Sánchez-García ,&nbsp;Fabián Casas ,&nbsp;E. Jorge Tizado","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cold spells and severe weather may have detrimental effects in wild birds, but owing to the stochastic nature of these events, it is not always possible to measure their impacts. In January 2021, a strong snowstorm known as ‘Filomena’ affected Spain, mainly the region of Madrid (Central Spain), which was fully covered with snow and suffered freezing temperatures for a fortnight. Using bird surveys conducted in the winter-spring of 2020 and 2021 (before and after Filomena) at same locations, we addressed the possible impact of the cold spell in three widespread gamebirds: Wood Pigeon (<em>Columba palumbus</em>), Eurasian Magpie (<em>Pica pica</em>) and Red-legged Partridge (<em>Alectoris rufa</em>). No significant abundance differences were found between years for none of the species and hunting pressure was only significantly reduced for Partridges, hence this species may have been negatively affected by Filomena. Results suggest that in response to Filomena, Pigeons conducted partial migration in search of better conditions, while Magpies aggregated in certain areas of Madrid and Partridges endured the harsh conditions within their home ranges. Our results highlight the importance to alleviate negative impacts of extreme weather events in wild birds through management actions, especially for sedentary species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S205371662400015X/pdfft?md5=9bf2f378acec56e405528e5eed06f534&pid=1-s2.0-S205371662400015X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140401066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the interplay of T cell receptor-V gene copy numbers and major histocompatibility complex selection pressure in avian species: Insights into immune system evolution and reproductive investment","authors":"Lin Sun ,&nbsp;Chunhong Liang ,&nbsp;Shidi Qin ,&nbsp;Ying Zhu ,&nbsp;Ke He","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Birds, a fascinating and diverse group occupying various habitats worldwide, exhibit a wide range of life-history traits, reproductive methods, and migratory behaviors, all of which influence their immune systems. The association between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes and certain ecological factors in response to pathogen selection has been extensively studied; however, the role of the co-working molecule T cell receptor (TCR) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze the copy numbers of TCR-V genes, the selection pressure (<em>ω</em> value) on MHC genes using available genomic data, and their potential ecological correlates across 93 species from 13 orders. The study was conducted using the publicly available genome data of birds. Our findings suggested that phylogeny influences the variability in TCR-V gene copy numbers and MHC selection pressure. The phylogenetic generalized least squares regression model revealed that TCR-V<em>αδ</em> copy number and MHC-I selection pressure were positively associated with body mass. Clutch size was correlated with MHC selection pressure, and Migration was correlated with TCR-V<em>β</em> copy number. Further analyses revealed that the TCR-V<em>β</em> copy number was positively correlated with MHC-IIB selection pressure, while the TCR-V<em>γ</em> copy number was negatively correlated with MHC-I peptide-binding region selection pressure. Our findings suggest that TCR-V diversity is significant in adaptive evolution and is related to species’ life-history strategies and immunological defenses and provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying TCR-V gene duplication and MHC selection in avian species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000471/pdfft?md5=a076c6e39a88ea8b8796bfb71adeb9f8&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000471-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population trend and spatio-temporal distribution of Greater White-fronted (Anser albifrons) and Bean Geese (Anser fabalis) in Korea","authors":"Eun-Jeong Kim ,&nbsp;Wee-Heang Hur ,&nbsp;Hwa-Jung Kim ,&nbsp;Yu-Seong Choi ,&nbsp;Dongwon Kim ,&nbsp;Who-Seung Lee ,&nbsp;Sejeong Han ,&nbsp;Hyerin Joo ,&nbsp;Chang-Yong Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geese have undergone significant changes in their distribution and population size due to human-induced impacts. To improve our understanding of the two main geese populations in East Asia—Greater White-fronted (<em>Anser albifrons</em>; GWFG) and Bean Geese (<em>Anser fabalis</em> sensu lato; BEAG), which includes the Tundra <em>A. f. serrirostris</em> (TDBG) and Taiga Bean Geese <em>A. f. middend</em><em>o</em><em>r</em><em>ffi</em><em>i</em> (TGBG), this study estimated their long- and short-term trends and the migration strategies based on their distribution during the migratory and wintering seasons, using nationwide census data collected over 24 years in South Korea. The TRIM (TRends and Indices for Monitoring data) analysis supported a robust long-term population increase since 1999, recently stabilizing around 150,000 individuals in GWFG and 100,000 in TDBG, respectively. But TGBG stabilized at around 7000 with no significant change of population over time. The shorter-term trends within a season suggested that wintering populations of GWFG and TDBG in China might stop over in Korea in their autumn migration before their sea-crossing, evidenced by the large congregation near the Yellow Sea coast followed by a gradual decrease. In contrast to autumn, there was no similar peak in spring migration, suggesting the potential for elliptical migration of some populations around the Yellow Sea. Our findings indicate a growing East Asian population and imply one of the migration strategies of the Greater White-fronted and Tundra Bean Geese. By collaborating with recent tracking data, long-term monitoring efforts could offer more detailed insights into population trends and migration strategies, thereby contributing to the effective management and conservation of goose species in East Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of parasite egg size and quantity contrast of parasite-host eggs on recognition and rejection mode of Green-backed Tits","authors":"Xu Zhao ,&nbsp;Ping Ye ,&nbsp;Huaxiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Canchao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the co-evolutionary system of avian brood parasitism, egg recognition and rejection are common and generally act as effective anti-parasitic adaptations by hosts. Accordingly, most studies have examined the role of parasite egg colors and markings in detection cues in hosts; however, studies focusing on the effects of egg size and quantity are relatively scarce and have mostly concentrated on the hosts of parasitic cowbirds. Here, we studied the egg recognition behaviors of a potential host of the Common Cuckoo (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>)—the Green-backed Tit (<em>Parus monticolus</em>), to determine: (1) whether the host uses the sizes of parasite eggs and/or the quantity contrast between parasite and host eggs as cues for recognition, (2) whether the host employs the template or discordant recognition mechanism for egg recognition, and (3) whether the size and quantity of parasite eggs affect the egg rejection modes of the hosts. The results indicate that Green-backed Tits did not use parasite egg size as a primary cue for egg recognition. We hypothesized that both visual and tactile detection might be involved in egg recognition by Green-backed Tits and suggest further studies after controlling for nest light conditions. Differences in egg quantity between parasites and hosts were not used as cues for egg recognition because the hosts employed the template mechanism rather than discordance to recognize parasite eggs. However, both the relative sizes and quantity of parasite and host eggs significantly affected the rejection modes of parasite eggs, and larger or more parasite eggs triggered higher probabilities of nest desertion in hosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Migration pattern of a population of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) breeding in East Asian tropical region” [Avian Res. 15 (2024) 100192]","authors":"Li Tian ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Zimei Feng ,&nbsp;Dan Hu ,&nbsp;Zhengwang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000422/pdfft?md5=d913209f293e2e7cdb0356a969987fae&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000422-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weather influenced nestling growth of an insectivorous but not a granivorous grassland passerine in Argentina","authors":"Martín Alejandro Colombo,&nbsp;Adrián Jauregui,&nbsp;Luciano N. Segura","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nestling growth of birds can be affected by weather fluctuations. In general, it is expected that higher temperatures favor growth by improving food availability and nestling metabolism, while rain hinders it by reducing foraging efficiency. However, most of these patterns have been described in insectivorous cavity-nesting birds in temperate forests. We tested these predictions in two neotropical grassland ground-nesting birds with contrasting nestling diets and therefore potentially different responses to weather. We measured nestlings of the Hellmayr's Pipit (<em>Anthus hellmayri</em>, an insectivorous passerine) and the Grassland Yellow-Finch (<em>Sicalis luteola</em>, which feeds its nestlings exclusively with seeds) during three breeding seasons (2017–2020) in central-eastern Argentina. We took measurements of tarsus and body mass, modeled growth curves using nonlinear mixed-effects models, and evaluated the effects of minimum daily temperature and precipitation during the growth period and the 30 days prior to hatching. For pipits (60 nestlings from 21 nests), minimum temperatures during the growth period were positively associated with tarsus and body mass asymptotes. Also, there was a positive association between precipitation during the pre-hatching period and tarsus asymptote. Conversely, none of the weather variables analyzed had significant effects on nestling growth of finches (131 nestlings from 35 nests). Dietary contrast between species may explain the different results. Arthropod activity and abundance can be affected by weather variations within the span of a breeding season, whereas seeds may depend on conditions from previous years, making the effects harder to detect. Fledglings with reduced asymptotic size can have reduced chances of survival. Hence, pipit populations could be impacted if they experience cold and dry conditions during their breeding season, which is of major relevance in the current context of climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000161/pdfft?md5=a1f77d04f73927201ab5e13e09f91454&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000161-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) song syntax","authors":"Sean P. Roach ,&nbsp;Luke C. McLean ,&nbsp;Jeff W. MacLeod ,&nbsp;Leslie S. Phillmore","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many songbird species, birdsong features phonological syntax, meaning that the units within their vocal sequences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a rule. While such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species, comparatively little is known about how those patterns contribute to song achieving its important functions. For each of song's main functions, territorial defense and mate attraction, evidence of a role for syntax is limited. One species for which syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush (<em>Catharus guttatus</em>), which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and, in doing so, rapidly cycle up and down the frequency spectrum. The objective of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subject examination of how measures of syntax, such as the predictability of song type order within song sequences, shift over the breeding season. We hypothesized that, if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour, they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when activity associated with territory establishment and mate attraction is most intense. Analysis revealed that, as predicted, the rigidness of song type ordering within sequences was highest at the start of the season and declined thereafter. That song type sequences were most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song's functions related to territory establishment and/or mate attraction. Future work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song's two main functions or serves song transmission in some broader way.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000148/pdfft?md5=c77a296e5bbd31bde4858f4f8030e137&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000148-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inbreeding and genetic load in a pair of sibling grouse species: Tetrastes sewersowi and T. bonasia","authors":"Kai Song ,&nbsp;Tom van der Valk ,&nbsp;Bin Gao ,&nbsp;Peter Halvarsson ,&nbsp;Yun Fang ,&nbsp;Wendong Xie ,&nbsp;Siegfried Klaus ,&nbsp;Zhiming Han ,&nbsp;Yue-Hua Sun ,&nbsp;Jacob Höglund","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation programs. Elevated levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related characters in many species of plants and animals, including humans (inbreeding depression). Genomic techniques are increasingly used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and conservation. We used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify both. We found a large range of inbreeding measured as <em>F</em>_ROH (fraction of runs of homozygosity) in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse (<em>Tetrastes sewerzowi</em>) and Hazel Grouse (<em>T</em>. <em>bonasia</em>). <em>F</em>_ROH estimated from genome-wide runs of homozygosity (ROH) ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in Hazel Grouse. Individuals from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of Hazel Grouse (including samples from Sweden, Germany and Northeast Poland) were the most inbred (<em>F</em>_ROH ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44, respectively). These levels are comparable to other highly inbred populations of birds. Hazel Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed relatively lower inbreeding levels. Comparisons of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and synonymous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to Hazel Grouse. These results are possibly explained by higher fixation rates, mutational melt down, in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging Hazel Grouse. However, when we compared the relatively more severe class of loss-of-function mutations, Hazel Grouse had slightly higher levels than Chinese Grouse, a result which may indicate that purifying selection (purging) has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000276/pdfft?md5=9aa1e17d243a5d342b11f436bc706afa&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000276-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating host biological and ecological variables to predict probability of haemosporidian infection in raptors","authors":"Kai Gao,&nbsp;Xuemei Yang,&nbsp;Xi Huang,&nbsp;Wenhong Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Variations in host traits that influence their exposure and susceptibility may impact probability of vector-transmitted diseases. Therefore, identifying the predictors of infection probability is necessary to understand the risk of disease outbreaks during expanding environmental perturbation. Here, we conducted a large survey based on microscopic examination and molecular analysis of haemosporidian parasite infection in raptors rescued at the Beijing Raptor Rescue Centre. Combining these data with biological and ecological variables of the raptors, we determined predictors that affect the probability of haemosporidian infection using generalized linear mixed models and multimodel inference. Our results showed that infection probability exhibited considerable variation across host species in raptors, and body mass, sex, and evolutionary history played relatively weaker roles in driving infection probability. Instead, activity pattern, age, geographic range size, migration distance, and nest type were important predictors of the probability of haemosporidian infection, and the role of each predictor differed in the three main haemosporidian genera (<em>Plasmodium</em>, <em>Haemoproteus</em>, and <em>Leucocytozoon</em>). This macro-ecological analysis will add to our understanding of host traits that influence the probability of avian haemosporidian infection and will help inform risk of emerging diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000288/pdfft?md5=445b10c309412d5652723d092c744fff&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000288-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141289152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}