Avian Research最新文献

{"title":"Highway effects on artificial nest survival in a neotropical sand-coastal plain: A spatiotemporal approach","authors":"Gleidson Ramos da Silva ,&nbsp;Pedro Diniz ,&nbsp;Charles Duca","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Roads are a leading cause of habitat fragmentation and may reduce bird populations by increasing nest predation rates. However, few studies have investigated the effects of traffic volume on the reproductive success of roadside birds in the neotropics. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of spatial, temporal, and vehicle flow variations on the survival of artificial open-cup nests. The study was carried out in a nature reserve on the side of a highway during the breeding season (from October to March) in two restinga (sand-coastal plain) phytophysiognomies in southeastern Brazil: non-floodable (open) and floodable (closed). One hundred thirty nests were distributed along transects ranging from 3 m to 300 m from the highway in each vegetation type (totaling 260 nests). The nests were checked every three days for their status (depredated or intact) over 12 days, and new nests were subsequently placed near sampling points of depredated or successful nests. We estimated survival using logistic exposure generalized linear and additive mixed models. At the end of the 180 days of the experiment, 33% of 6202 nests were successful. Nest survival was higher in open restinga than in closed restinga. In both habitats, nest survival was lowest mid-season and highest at the beginning and end. Survival rates peaked near the highway, declined up to 50 m away, then showed a slight increase. Finally, survival increased at moderate-to-high traffic volumes (∼22,000 vehicles/day), particularly in open restinga. We suggest that spatial, temporal, and habitat-specific highway impacts (e.g., noise, vibration, visual stimuli) can lead to variations in the activity of nest predators, generating fluctuations in nest survival associated with predator behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconciling Bergmann's rule throughout the annual cycle in two congeneric large-bodied migratory waterbirds","authors":"Dehai Gu ,&nbsp;Yanbo Xie ,&nbsp;Tetsuo Shimada ,&nbsp;Hiroyoshi Higuchi ,&nbsp;Diana Solovyeva ,&nbsp;Inga Bysykatova-Harmey ,&nbsp;Yanlei Liu ,&nbsp;Junjian Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingshan Zhao ,&nbsp;Lei Cao ,&nbsp;Anthony D. Fox","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bergmann's rule predicts that the larger of two homeotherm species differing only in size would occur at higher latitudes, or in cooler climates than the smaller, because of relative thermoregulatory costs in relation to body mass/surface area ratio. Individual tracking data from two congeneric long-distance migratory northern nesting swan species, Tundra <em>Cygnus columbianus</em> (TS, <em>n</em> = 99) and Whooper Swans <em>C. cygnus</em> (WS, 61–71% larger mass than TS, <em>n</em> = 47) were used to determine their summering and wintering latitudes along similar migration routes and common staging areas along the same flyway. We hypothesised that throughout Arctic and Boreal breeding areas (10 °C in July), summer ambient temperatures mainly exceed the Lower Critical Temperatures (LCT, c. 1 °C) for both swan species, so the duration of the snow-free summer period will favour smaller body size at highest latitudes, since this constrains the time available to lay, incubate eggs and raise cygnets to fledging. We hypothesised that in contrast, in winter, both species occur in temperatures near to freezing (−3 °C in January), below their respective LCT, so differential thermoregulation demands would constrain TS to winter south of WS. Tracking of individuals showed for the first time that while smaller TS summered significantly north of WS, WS wintered significantly north of TS, with limited overlap in both seasons. We conclude that differences in relative summer distribution of these two closely related migratory herbivores are not to do with latitude <em>per se</em> but are constrained by the time both species require to raise their young to fledging during the short northern summer, when thermoregulation costs are unlikely limiting. In winter, both swan species occur within a climate envelop at or below their respective LCT and smaller TS occurred consistently south of the range of the tracked WS, as predicted by Bergmann's rule.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic, topographic, and local-scale variables differently shape bird communities in urban streets and parks","authors":"Lucas M. Leveau","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green cover and human disturbance are important local factors shaping urban bird communities, while climatic and topographic variables can be important when analyzing cities in different biomes. However, the roles of large-scale and local variables influencing bird species composition have been scarcely explored in urban areas. This study aimed to analyze the association of climatic, topographic, landscape, and local variables with bird species composition in streets dominated by buildings and urban parks. I expected park bird composition to be more related to large-scale variables, whereas bird species in streets to be more associated with local-scale variables. Bird surveys were conducted in nine cities along a climatic and topographic gradient. Bird species composition in urban parks and streets were related to climatic and topographic variables, local vegetation greenness, and distance to non-urban areas. However, bird composition in streets was also related to noise and pedestrian traffic. The classification of bird composition in urban parks aligned with the phytogeographic provinces, whereas the streets’ bird composition was unrelated to phytogeographic provinces. The results showed that urban habitats with increased vegetation cover allow the colonization of native bird communities and are more aligned with natural large-scale environmental gradients. In contrast, more urbanized sites are decoupled from climatic and topographic gradients and invaded by exotic and widespread native species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predatory birds in agroforestry: Dawn of a new era for biological control from multitrophic interactions","authors":"Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi ,&nbsp;Ipsita Samal ,&nbsp;Biswaranjan Behera ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar Mahanta ,&nbsp;J. Komal ,&nbsp;R. Athulya","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring food security for a rapidly growing global population amidst resource limitations and climate change is a major challenge. Agroforestry an ecologically sustainable land-use system that integrates trees, crops, and sometimes livestock offers significant promise by enhancing biodiversity, ecosystem services, and agricultural productivity. A central concern in such systems is pest management, which traditionally relies on chemical pesticides. However, their excessive use has led to environmental degradation, pest resistance, and health hazards. This review explores the potential of insectivorous birds as natural pest control agents in agroforestry systems. It focuses on how habitat features, vegetation complexity, and species-specific behaviors influence bird-mediated biological control. Insectivorous birds manage pest populations through direct predation, targeting a range of insect pests including caterpillars, beetles, and grasshoppers. Their foraging activity helps maintain pest populations below the economic threshold. Vegetation strata comprising ground cover, shrubs, understory, and canopy offer diverse foraging niches and nesting habitats that enhance bird diversity and functional roles. Pest control efficiency is closely linked to seasonality, resource availability, and habitat structure. Differentiating between beneficial (predatory) and pestiferous birds is essential to maximize ecosystem services and minimize crop losses or damage to beneficial insects. Conservation of beneficial bird species, informed vegetation planning, and regular monitoring are vital to strengthening multitrophic interactions and achieving sustainable pest control. Future research should focus on bird behavior, predator-prey interactions, and habitat management to optimize bird-friendly pest regulation strategies in agroforestry landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing urban edge effects: Nest predation rates are higher in areas further from the boundary of a suburban park","authors":"Ailun Wang ,&nbsp;Tara J. Pirie ,&nbsp;Mark D.E. Fellowes","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban green spaces and parks offer opportunities for retaining and increasing bird richness, diversity, and species abundance. However, urbanisation influences predator–prey interactions, leading to high predation rates in urban areas, in the UK notably through the presence of large populations of domestic cats and increased populations of synanthropic species, such as rats and squirrels. These high predation rates are assumed to be a significant cause of reproductive failure in birds. Some ecologists advocate for the use of buffer zones with reduced human influence to reduce potential hunting pressure in eco-sensitive areas. However, the buffer effect on predation rates of nesting birds in suburban areas is rarely investigated. In this study, we investigated how edge effects (how close nest sites are to housing) and nest height (i.e., ground vs. above-ground) affected nest predation rates in a suburban park using camera traps to monitor artificial nests containing quail eggs. Our hypothesis was that nests in the buffer area (&lt;300 m inward from university boundary) and at low height would suffer higher predation rates than nests in the core area (&gt;300 m from the university boundary) and at height, as the buffer zone effect, and ease of access to ground predators would result in higher predation rates. We found no significant effect of nest height in nest predation rates. However, contrary to our expectations, nests in the core zone suffered higher predation rates than those in the buffer zone, and corvids were responsible for almost half of the egg loss events. We speculate that this may be a consequence of higher levels of anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., pedestrians, dog walking, vehicles) adjacent to our buffer zone acting as a deterrent to avian nest predators. This work suggests that protecting urban sites from disturbance may not always act to support bird abundance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of steppe birds to habitat fragmentation: Insights from niche specialization and functional traits","authors":"Zheng Han ,&nbsp;Xi Yang ,&nbsp;Lishi Zhang ,&nbsp;Piotr Tryjanowski ,&nbsp;Frédéric Jiguet ,&nbsp;Haitao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Habitat fragmentation poses a significant threat to bird communities, especially those in open and semi-open ecosystems such as steppes. This study investigates how steppe birds adapt to and utilize fragmented habitats by combining niche modeling with ecological trait analysis. We conducted standardized point surveys to examine the habitat preferences of 32 bird species in Inner Mongolia, China, and quantified their habitat niche parameters using the Outlying Mean Index (OMI). Our results reveal distinct habitat preferences among species, with some thriving in intact environments while others are better adapted to fragmented areas. Grassland species showed high specialization along the fragmentation gradient, while others exhibited adaptability to varying levels of fragmentation. Using a Generalized Additive Model (GAM), we identified three key traits influencing habitat occupancy: hand-wing index, body mass, and range size. Specifically, species with medium hand-wing indices, moderate body mass, and larger range sizes were more likely to occupy heavily fragmented habitats. These findings provide empirical evidence on how habitat fragmentation affects bird species in steppe ecosystems. The study highlights the importance of functional traits in understanding avian responses to habitat fragmentation and offers a foundation for developing effective conservation strategies to preserve biodiversity in fragmented landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the visual signal in playback by territorial responses of nuthatches","authors":"Miao Tian,&nbsp;Junyang Feng,&nbsp;Canwei Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A playback experiment is a well-established method for behavior research, especially in the study of the territorial responses of songbirds. Birds obtain information from multimodal signals, whereas only acoustic signals are provided in traditional playbacks. Many efforts have been made to combine visual signals with playback experiments, e.g., static specimens, videos, live birds and robotic models. Multimodal signal playback provides an elaborate way to study the behavior of focal birds. Although combining visual signals with playback experiments can elicit more authentic responses, empirical evidence remains scarce. In this study, a robot model mimicking a territory intruder was presented to Eurasian Nuthatch (<em>Sitta europaea</em>) to evaluate its effect on playback experiments. The experiments were conducted on 45 individuals during the 2021 breeding season in Baihua Mountain National Nature Reserve (39°83ʹ N, 115°58ʹ E), China. These 45 individuals were randomly divided into three equal-sized groups corresponding to the experimental treatments: playback sound only; sound with a static model; and sound with a dynamic model. Behavioral variables were recorded during each experiment to generate response intensity via principal component analysis. The results revealed that there was no significant difference in response intensity among the three different experimental treatments. Considering the dense habitat where nuthatches live, the robot model may have insufficiently increased the stimulation of sensory perception. We propose that the effect of visual signals during playback should be evaluated in more species and that behavioral studies could be conducted using multimodal signals to provide a more realistic representation of bird‒bird interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated extinction risk of low-elevation populations of two songbirds on the Taiwan island","authors":"Xuntao Ma ,&nbsp;Yadan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhang Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingwang Zhang ,&nbsp;Feng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prevailing concerns on mountainous biodiversity are concentrated on the impacts of climate change at higher elevations. However, the lower elevations are facing additional human disturbance and are expected to suffer from higher extinction risk but have attracted less conservation attention. Here, we employed population genomics to compare extinction risk two common songbirds—the Vinous-throated Parrotbill (<em>Sinosuthora webbiana</em>) and the Rufous-capped Babbler (<em>Cyanoderma ruficeps</em>)—at lower and higher elevations on the Taiwan island. As the result, we observed decreased genetic diversity and increased genetic load and thus elevated extinction risk in the low-elevation populations of both birds in the eastern slope of the Central Mountains on the Taiwan island. In contrast, genetic-load patterns of both birds in the western slope might be confused by substantial gene flow across lower and higher elevations. These results, on the one hand, call for conservation efforts to lower elevations in mountains and, on the other hand, highlight the importance of population connection in maintaining population viability under impending global change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration patterns and spatial connectivity of Pallas's Gulls (Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus) from Alakol lake, Kazakhstan using ring recovery and tracking data","authors":"Viktoriya O. Ilina ,&nbsp;Bekzhan T. Berdikulov ,&nbsp;Fumin Lei ,&nbsp;Aleksandr N. Filimonov ,&nbsp;Yekaterina E. Akentyeva ,&nbsp;Gang Song ,&nbsp;Aizhan E. Tashimova ,&nbsp;Andrey E. Gavrilov","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding migration patterns and spatial connectivity is crucial for conserving long-distance migratory birds. While satellite telemetry has advanced the study of large gulls, Pallas's Gull (<em>Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus</em>) remains relatively understudied, with limited data on its migration routes and habitat use, particularly in Central Asia. This study integrates 684 ring recoveries (1968–2024) and GPS tracking data to analyze the migration ecology of individuals breeding at Alakol Lake, Kazakhstan. Ring recoveries confirm migratory connectivity across Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, and Pakistan, with wintering records as far as India, Kuwait, Bangladesh, and Ethiopia. GPS tracking of a single individual (June 2020–August 2021) revealed a migration route from Alakol Lake to the Arabian Sea, with key stopovers at Zaisan Lake, Balkhash Lake, the Aral Sea, Aydar Lake, and the Amu Darya River. Notably, a post-breeding northward dispersal to Zaisan Lake and southern Russia was identified before the southward migration commenced. These findings highlight the significance of Kazakhstan's lakes as breeding and migratory hubs and the need to protect critical stopover sites in Central Asia. Given increasing anthropogenic pressures on wetland habitats, this research provides essential baseline data for conservation planning and enhances the broader understanding of gull migration ecology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the abundance and availability of alternative food on the foraging behavior of wintering Siberian Cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus)","authors":"Shilong Bi ,&nbsp;Lizhi Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2025.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food abundance and availability constitute fundamental determinants of foraging habitat quality for waterbirds, with high-quality foraging habitats playing a crucial role in supporting the survival and annual life cycle of wintering populations. The ongoing degradation and loss of optimal habitats have forced wintering waterbirds to increasingly rely on alternative foraging sites and modify their behavioral adaptation strategies to cope with food scarcity. The Siberian Crane (<em>Leucogeranus leucogeranus</em>), a large-bodied endangered waterbird species characterized by specialized dietary preferences, demonstrates particular sensitivity to environmental alterations. Faced with diminishing suitable habitats and declining natural food resources, this species has progressively adapted to utilizing artificial habitats, including agricultural landscapes such as paddy fields and lotus ponds, as supplementary wintering foraging grounds to fulfill their energetic requirements. This study examines the hypothesis that Siberian Cranes adapt their foraging behavior through plastic behavioral strategies in artificial habitats under conditions of limited food availability, thereby enhancing population fitness. A comparative analysis of crane foraging behaviors was conducted between mudflats and lotus ponds throughout the 2023–2024 wintering period. This investigation focused on three critical environmental factors: food abundance, food burial depth, and sediment penetrability, examining their influence on foraging patterns across these distinct habitats. The results revealed significant inter-habitat differences: foraging success rates were substantially higher (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and food handling times markedly longer in lotus ponds compared to mudflats, whereas foraging effort and attempt frequency were significantly elevated in mudflat habitats. The superior food availability in lotus ponds facilitated enhanced foraging success rates, enabling cranes to accumulate essential energy reserves for winter survival. However, the deeper burial depth of lotus roots in these habitats required more intensive processing behaviors, including prolonged digging, breaking, and swallowing activities, which consequently increased handling time by approximately 40% and reduced foraging attempts by 25–30% compared to mudflat conditions. These behavioral trade-offs suggest that while lotus ponds provide adequate food resources, their structural characteristics may impose physiological constraints that limit their effectiveness as optimal foraging grounds for Siberian Cranes. These findings offer valuable insights into the behavioral plasticity of wintering Siberian Cranes response to spatial variations in food resource distribution, while contributing to our understanding of the ecological value of lotus roots as alternative winter food sources in artificial wetland ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}