Avian ResearchPub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100162
Xiaoyu Duan , Xiongwei Huang , Jingya Zhang , Shuo Lv , Gang Song , Yanping Wang , Gang Feng
{"title":"Bird specimen number linked with species trait and climate niche breadth","authors":"Xiaoyu Duan , Xiongwei Huang , Jingya Zhang , Shuo Lv , Gang Song , Yanping Wang , Gang Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biological specimens are fundamental for taxonomy and flora/fauna research. More importantly, they also play crucial roles in recording environmental impacts on morphology and behavior, which is vital for biodiversity research and conservation. However, there are few systematic studies on the patterns and drivers of bird specimen number at regional scales. This study is the first attempt to examine the relationships between bird specimen number and species traits as well as climate niche breadth in China, aiming to answer two questions: 1) how do species’ temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth influence specimen number? 2) which trait is most associated with bird specimen number? The associations between bird specimen number and explanatory variables were examined using ordinary least squares, generalized linear models, phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models, and multiple comparisons. The results showed that Muscicapidae was the family with the highest specimen number, and Passeriformes was the order with the highest specimen number. Bird specimen number significantly increased with larger temperature niche breadth and precipitation niche breadth. Specimen number was also positively associated with geographic range size, habitat specificity, hunting vulnerability and clutch size, but negatively associated with body size. These findings suggest that future bird specimen collection should pay more attention to birds with limited ecological niches, large body sizes, and small clutch sizes. This research enhances the use of bird specimen data to study and preserve biodiversity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000057/pdfft?md5=c9b2cfef767c5c2c24a49d9a889e5414&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000057-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139955391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differential colour-ring loss among Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus) colonies and its consequence on survival estimates","authors":"Anastasios Bounas , Giorgos Catsadorakis , Dionyssia Hatzilacou , Theodoros Naziridis , Jocelyn Champagnon , Alain J. Crivelli","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The analysis of bird ringing data often comes with some potential sources of error and bias, as ring wear and/or loss could affect mark-recapture analyses and produce erroneous estimates of survival. Furthermore, ring wear and loss rates may differ between and within species based on the habitat they use or the species' life-history traits and behaviour as well as the type of the ring. In this study we use resighting data from a long-term double marking experiment to directly estimate the rate of colour-ring loss among different Dalmatian Pelican colonies over time, evaluate any possible factors that could contribute to differential ring loss and assess how it may bias the results of mark-resighting analyses. Based on 14,849 resightings from 1275 individuals and using multi-state continuous-time hidden Markov models (HMMs) we showed that probability of ring loss was markedly different among colonies, ranging from 0.10 to 0.42 within the first year of marking, whereas the cumulative probability of losing a ring after ten years ranged 0.64 to 0.99. These rates are among the highest estimated when compared to previous studies in waterbirds. Our approach assessing the intra-specific variance in ring loss provided several factors potentially involved, such as the use of glue and the fledgling age accuracy and we could further hypothesise the effect of environmental factors. Finally, our results showed that ring loss can be a significant challenge for the assessment of the species' population dynamics using mark-recapture methods as survival was consistently underestimated when not accounting for ring loss and varied significantly among different colonies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000094/pdfft?md5=308da6f5c3492dce60ba4fa6c9b87397&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000094-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140004616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian ResearchPub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100163
Santi Guallar
{"title":"From partial to complete: Wing- and tail-feather moult sequence and intensity depend on species, life-cycle stage, and moult completeness in passerines","authors":"Santi Guallar","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Passerines moult during various life-cycle stages. Some of these moults involve the retention of a variable quantity of wing and tail feathers. This prompts the question whether these partial moults are just arrested complete moults or follow different processes. To address it, I investigated whether three relevant features remain constant across partial and complete moults: 1) moult sequence (order of activation) within feather tracts (e.g., consecutive outward moult of primaries) and among tracts (e.g., starting with marginal coverts, followed by greater coverts second, tertials, etc.); 2) dynamics of moult intensity (amount of feathers growing along the moult progress); and 3) protection of wing quills by overlapping fully grown feathers. To study the effect of moult completeness on these three features, I classified moults of 435 individuals from 61 species in 3 groups: i) complete and partial, ii) without and iii) with retention of feathers within tracts. To study the effect of life-cycle stage, I used postbreeding, postjuvenile, and prebreeding moults. I calculated phylogenetically corrected means to establish feather-moult sequence within tracts. I applied linear regression to analyse moult sequence among tracts, and polynomial regression to study the dynamics of moult intensity as moult progresses. Sequence and intensity dynamics of partial moults tended resemble those of the complete moult as moult completeness increased. Sequence within and among feather tracts tended to shift as moult intensity within tracts and number of tracts increased. Activation of primaries advanced in relation to the other feather tracts as number of moulted primaries increased. Tertial quills were protected by the innermost greater covert regardless of moult completeness. These findings suggest that moult is a self-organised process that adjusts to the degree of completeness of plumage renewal. However, protection of quills and differences among species and between postjuvenile- and prebreeding-moult sequences also suggest an active control linked to feather function, including protection and signalling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000069/pdfft?md5=337806f3c50a21bcc4b2f3d00e9fd9a0&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140004621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian ResearchPub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100177
Yexi Zhao, Jiayu Zhang, Zihan Li, Qinmijia Xie, Xin Deng, Chenxi Zhang, Nan Wang
{"title":"Use of evergreen and deciduous plants by nocturnal-roosting birds: A case study in Beijing","authors":"Yexi Zhao, Jiayu Zhang, Zihan Li, Qinmijia Xie, Xin Deng, Chenxi Zhang, Nan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With continually increasing urbanization, the land cover in urban areas continues to change, resulting in the loss of biodiversity. Birds are highly sensitive to changes in habitat. Most forest birds perch on plants that provide increased safety to reduce the risk of predation, and small birds may also consider insulation when using roosting plants in winter because of cold weather. Landscaping plants thus shape the nocturnal roosting environment of urban birds, and proper planting is essential for the survival of birds at night. The use of roosting plants by urban birds should therefore be studied to provide a reference for landscaping. In the current study, we observed 1865 nocturnal roosting birds in Beijing from 2021 to 2022, with 23 species of birds from 12 families and 45 species of plants from 22 families recorded. <em>Juniperus chinensis</em> exhibited the highest bird rarity-weighted richness, followed by <em>Fraxinus pennsylvanica</em>, <em>Phyllostachys propinqua</em>, <em>Pinus tabuliformis</em>, and <em>Ulmus pumila</em>. The diameter at breast height, tree height, and crown width of plants used by birds was largest in summer and smallest in winter, and the perch height of birds was the highest in spring and summer and the lowest in winter. Birds used the highest proportion of deciduous plants in summer and the highest proportion of evergreen plants in winter. A significant seasonal difference in the use of evergreen and deciduous plants by small birds was noted, with a preference for deciduous plants in summer and evergreen plants in winter, while this preference was not found in large birds. These findings indicate that evergreen plants provide a vital nocturnal roosting environment for small birds in winter. To provide a better nocturnal roosting habitat for urban birds, we recommend paying attention to the combination of evergreen and deciduous plants when carrying out landscape construction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000203/pdfft?md5=c9b4a532e1b09d07a6ce8e6083fb5e9b&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000203-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian ResearchPub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100202
Kui Yan, Wei Liang
{"title":"Recognition and rejection of foreign eggs of different colors in Barn Swallows","authors":"Kui Yan, Wei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brood parasitic birds lay eggs in the nests of other birds, and the parasitized hosts can reduce the cost of raising unrelated offspring through the recognition of parasitic eggs. Hosts can adopt vision-based cognitive mechanisms to recognize foreign eggs by comparing the colors of foreign and host eggs. However, there is currently no uniform conclusion as to whether this comparison involves the single or multiple threshold decision rules. In this study, we tested both hypotheses by adding model eggs of different colors to the nests of Barn Swallows (<em>Hirundo rustica</em>) of two geographical populations breeding in Hainan and Heilongjiang Provinces in China. Results showed that Barn Swallows rejected more white model eggs (moderate mimetic to their own eggs) and blue model eggs (highly non-mimetic eggs with shorter reflectance spectrum) than red model eggs (highly non-mimetic eggs with longer reflectance spectrum). There was no difference in the rejection rate of model eggs between the two populations of Barn Swallows, and clutch size was not a factor affecting egg recognition. Our results are consistent with the single rejection threshold model. This study provides strong experimental evidence that the color of model eggs can has an important effect on egg recognition in Barn Swallows, opening up new avenues to uncover the evolution of cuckoo egg mimicry and explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying the visual recognition of foreign eggs by hosts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000458/pdfft?md5=3a47a5e7c02098f5c20eea7542891310&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000458-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian ResearchPub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100207
Xingmin Chen , Qin Zhang , Sisi Lan , Qin Huang , Shuihua Chen , Yanping Wang
{"title":"Anthropogenic nesting materials and reproductive performance of Chinese Bulbuls (Pycnonotus sinensis) along the urbanization gradient in Hangzhou, China","authors":"Xingmin Chen , Qin Zhang , Sisi Lan , Qin Huang , Shuihua Chen , Yanping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization induced by human activities presents both challenges and adaptive opportunities for wildlife. One notable impact of urban sprawl is the vast amount of waste it produces, which has discernible effects on wildlife. Interestingly, an emerging trend has been observed that birds are incorporating anthropogenic materials into their nests. However, the relationship between anthropogenic nesting materials (ANMs) and the reproductive performance of urban birds is unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the incorporation of ANMs into nests and the reproductive performance of Chinese Bulbuls (<em>Pycnonotus sinensis</em>) by monitoring and collecting data on 136 breeding nests in Hangzhou, China. We gathered data on seven reproductive traits of Chinese Bulbuls, including laying date, incubation period, nestling period, clutch size, egg volume, hatching success rate, and fledging success rate. We then calculated the urbanization synthetic index as a measure of the level of urbanization and examined its relationship with the proportion and weight of ANMs. Through examination of nest components, we observed significant increase in the proportion and weight of ANMs with the urbanization synthetic index. Notably, we found a higher hatching success rate of Chinese Bulbuls with an increasing proportion of ANMs. However, the inclusion of ANMs in nests was not correlated with other reproductive traits of Chinese Bulbuls. Overall, the use of ANMs by Chinese Bulbuls is consistent with the adaptive hypothesis and the availability hypothesis. Further studies should use controlled experiments to investigate the impact of ANMs on avian reproductive success.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian ResearchPub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100201
Yuexuan Liu , Ruichang Sun , Bo Li , Zhijun Ma
{"title":"Detecting the distribution of and public attitudes to charismatic alien species based on media coverage","authors":"Yuexuan Liu , Ruichang Sun , Bo Li , Zhijun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Charismatic species are often reported by the media, providing information for detecting population status and public perception. To identify the number and distribution of free-living Black Swan (<em>Cygnus atratus</em>), a charismatic alien species in Chinese mainland and to detect the public and the media attitudes to the species, we analyzed the reports and emotional tendency from media coverage in 2000–2022 using manual reading, crawler extraction and latent Dirichlet allocation. A total of 6654 Black Swans were reported at 711 sites, including 147 individuals at 30 nature reserves. Successful breeding was reported at one-fourth of the total sites, including five nature reserves. The proportion of positive emotional tendency to Black Swans was overwhelming in the reports and was higher than that to alien species in general, suggesting that the public and the media are unaware of the risk of biological invasion. Effective management of invasive species requires the media clarifies the invasion risk of charismatic alien species. Promoting the unity between the harmfulness of abstract concept of alien species and the charisma of a specific alien species among the public help effective management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000446/pdfft?md5=f784a91b83fe9f26701fdf0e4a4f555f&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000446-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian ResearchPub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100188
Haiying Fan , Weibin Guo , Buge Lin , Zhiqing Hu , Changcao Wang , Shaobin Li
{"title":"The influence of wing morphology upon intraspecific divergence in birds: A global study of subspecies richness","authors":"Haiying Fan , Weibin Guo , Buge Lin , Zhiqing Hu , Changcao Wang , Shaobin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the time of Darwin, subspecies have been recognized as an initial stage in the evolution of species. However, the impact of dispersal on subspecies richness in birds globally has received little attention, despite dispersal being a key factor in determining the rate of evolution and playing a significant role in evolutionary divergence. Therefore, it is important to conduct a comprehensive study to address this issue. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between subspecies richness (measured by the number of subspecies) and dispersal ability (measured by the hand-wing index) on a global scale, using a dataset of over 7000 bird species. Our results revealed a negative correlation between dispersal ability and the number of subspecies, without any quadratic correlation. The wing is a crucial phenotypic trait for birds, and the concept of subspecies is important in speciation theory and conservation biology. Therefore, our findings not only enhance our understanding of the association between avian morphological traits and evolutionary divergence but also have implications for the conservation of avian species diversity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000318/pdfft?md5=d28d8d56e331301378499950488e05b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000318-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian ResearchPub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100183
Xu Shi , Xiaoping Wang , Qian Wei , Qiwei Lin , Lei Zhu
{"title":"Detour for the inexperienced? Migration count data suggest mostly juvenile Greater Spotted Eagles appear in coastal peninsulas in China","authors":"Xu Shi , Xiaoping Wang , Qian Wei , Qiwei Lin , Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soaring bird migration often relies on suitable terrain and airflow; therefore, route selection is vital for successful migration. While age and experience have been identified as key factor influencing migration route selection among soaring raptors in the African-Eurasian Flyway, how they shape the migration route of soaring raptors in East Asia is still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated potential variations in the routes and timing in autumn migration of juvenile and older soaring birds, using count data of Greater Spotted Eagles (<em>Clanga clanga</em>) from two coastal sites and two inland sites in China. From 2020 to 2023, we recorded a total of 340 individuals, with the highest site averaging over 90 individuals per autumn, making it one of the world’s top single-season counts and thus a globally important site for this species. We found that 82% and 61% records from coastal sites were juveniles, significantly higher than inland sites (15% and 24%). Juveniles at all four sites exhibited markedly earlier median passage time than non-juveniles, with brief overlapping in their main migration periods. Both coastal sites are located on the tip of peninsulas stretching southwest, requiring long overwater flights if crossing the Bohai Bay or Beibu Gulf, which would be energetically demanding and increase mortality risk. Experienced individuals may have learned to avoid such terrain and subsequent detour, while juveniles are more prone to enter these peninsulas due to lack of experience and opportunities for social learning, or following other raptor species that are more capable of powered flight. Our findings highlight the importance of age and experience in migration route selection of large soaring birds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000264/pdfft?md5=7ecf754e3d5010264105c88fb3161c21&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000264-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141289153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian ResearchPub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100190
Hanlin Yan , Huahua Zhao , Haixia Luo , Longwu Wang , Laikun Ma , Wei Liang
{"title":"Oriental Reed Warblers do not abandon Common Cuckoo chicks during prolonged nestling periods","authors":"Hanlin Yan , Huahua Zhao , Haixia Luo , Longwu Wang , Laikun Ma , Wei Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Oriental Reed Warbler (<em>Acrocephalus orientalis</em>) is one of the most commonly used hosts for the parasitic Common Cuckoo (<em>Cuculus canorus</em>). However, as hosts that feed unrelated parasitic nestlings may suffer extra reproductive costs, they may be less willing to care for nestlings that have prolonged nestling periods. To test this hypothesis, the duration of feeding by Oriental Reed Warblers under natural conditions for their own nestlings was compared with the duration of feeding under natural conditions for Common Cuckoo nestlings and for artificially prolonged cuckoo nestlings. The results showed that Oriental Reed Warblers did not starve, drive away, or desert any of the nestlings in the experiment, and neither parent was left alone. Our experimental study indicates that both Oriental Reed Warbler parents were willing to care for nestlings with a prolonged nestling period (up to 30 days, twice the average duration time that the Oriental Reed Warblers fed their own chicks in natural conditions). However, further experiments and observations are required in other host bird species to examine whether both parents or one of the parents may exhibit the behavior of abandoning nestlings with a prolonged nestling period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51311,"journal":{"name":"Avian Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000331/pdfft?md5=f4d51852df2f63ae9a29ab1112eda0cf&pid=1-s2.0-S2053716624000331-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}