Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-induced urticaria and angioedema: a case report.","authors":"Won Jin Lee, Eun-Jung Jo, Hye-Kyung Park","doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01021-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13223-026-01021-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is a food additive widely used as an excipient in oral pharmaceutical formulations. While widely used in oral formulations, its potential as an ingestible allergen remains largely unrecognized.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 47-year-old man developed urticaria and angioedema after ingesting an HPMC-containing product, including a dietary probiotic drink and a digestive enzyme tablet. He presented with periorbital swelling and generalized urticaria within one hour after consuming a dietary probiotic drink. Two months prior, the patient experienced generalized urticaria and facial swelling after concomitant intake of a vitamin C drink and a digestive enzyme tablet. Skin prick tests revealed positive reactions to the capsule shell of the probiotic drink and digestive enzyme tablet. HPMC was identified as a common excipient in both digestive enzyme tablet and the capsule shell of dietary probiotic drinks and intradermal tests confirmed hypersensitivity to HPMC. An oral provocation test with HPMC induced urticaria, further supporting the diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case demonstrates that HPMC can induce immediate hypersensitivity reactions via the oral route. HPMC should be considered a potential culprit in patients with unexplained recurrent allergic reactions to oral medications or dietary supplements, particularly when multiple formulations are involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":51302,"journal":{"name":"Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147370663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of short-course systemic corticosteroid risks on adverse outcomes in childhood asthma.","authors":"Brian R Earl, Ewa Sucha, Richard Webster, Alexandra Ahmet, Dhenuka Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01018-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13223-026-01018-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Short-course systemic corticosteroids (SCS) are recommended for moderate-to-severe pediatric asthma exacerbations, though frequent courses may cause adverse outcomes. We examined the risk of adverse outcomes in asthmatic children who received multiple SCS courses for exacerbation management. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of children aged 1–16 years with an asthma emergency department presentation/hospitalization between October 1, 2017, and February 28, 2021. Using a Prentice-Williams-Peterson total time model, we compared steroid-associated adverse outcomes among children who received or did not receive short courses of SCS for asthma exacerbations over ≥ 24-months. RESULTS: Among 2009 eligible children, 1468 received ≥ 1 SCS course for asthma exacerbations and 541 did not receive SCS. Overall, there was no increase in the risk of recurrent SCS-associated adverse outcomes in those exposed to SCS (aHR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.74–1.23, p = 0.7), however, the number of SCS courses received significantly affected the risk of recurrent adverse outcomes (p = 0.029). Children receiving 2 SCS courses had a reduced risk of adverse outcomes (aHR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28–0.88), while those receiving ≥ 4 SCS courses experienced a non-significant, yet clinically meaningful elevated risk of adverse outcomes (aHR = 2.30, 95% CI 0.92–5.80). CONCLUSION: This study shows that SCS administered for pediatric asthma exacerbations are generally safe; however, complication risk may be increased when receiving 4 + SCS courses and synergistic with higher-dose inhaled corticosteroids. </p>","PeriodicalId":51302,"journal":{"name":"Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147277725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient preferences in the treatment of children with pollen-related allergic rhinitis.","authors":"Ellen Tameeris-Kooiman, Arthur M Bohnen, Patrick J E Bindels, Gijs Elshout","doi":"10.1186/s13223-025-01004-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13223-025-01004-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common condition affecting 23% of children in Europe. Of the AR-patients, 40-72% do not follow the treatment instructions as provided by their clinician. Shared decision making is effective in improving adherence to treatment. Knowing treatment preferences of children and adolescents can help improve shared decision making.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the preferential treatment of children and adolescents with AR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a secondary analysis. Data from a single-blinded randomized controlled trial were used. The primary outcome measure of the original study was percentage of symptom-free days. Children aged 6-18 were randomised in three treatment groups: antihistamines (AH) on-demand, intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) continuous or INCS on-demand. Preferences were mapped out by questionnaires at the start and end of the study. The study design was approved by the Ethical Review Board of the Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam (No. MEC-2012-354). Prior to performing the trial, it was registered (Netherlands Trial Register No. NL3276).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the end of the study AH on-demand was the preferential treatment arm (54.7%, N = 76/139). Preferences for continuous use over on-demand use and intranasal over oral therapy were dependent of treatment group (p = 0.027, p = 0.004). Of the participants, 36.7% chose their study medication as preferential treatment. Adolescents had more distinct treatment preferences than children (p = 0.004). Of the adolescents, 63% preferred AH on demand (P = 0.005), whereas children did not show a significant preference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant difference in preferences for treatment for AR between children and adolescents. AH on-demand is the most preferred medication type for AR. Shared decision making in choosing AR treatment should be used to improve the treatment compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51302,"journal":{"name":"Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13015076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frey's syndrome in an infant misdiagnosed as food allergy.","authors":"Melanie Semaan, Sheikha Alkhuder, Samira Jeimy","doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01015-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13223-026-01015-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frey's syndrome (auriculotemporal syndrome) is characterized by gustatory flushing and sweating in the distribution of the auriculotemporal nerve. Although classically described after parotid surgery in adults, congenital and idiopathic forms are increasingly recognized in infants. Because symptoms occur during feeding, the condition can closely mimic IgE-mediated food allergy, leading to unnecessary dietary restrictions and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report an 8-month-old boy referred for evaluation of suspected multiple food allergies after several emergency department visits for feeding-associated facial redness, interpreted by caregivers as \"hives\", and accompanied by significant parental anxiety and progressive dietary avoidance. On detailed reassessment, reactions were found to consist of localized, unilateral flushing and sweating of the right cheek, without urticaria or systemic features. Skin prick testing and serum-specific IgE testing to common food allergens were negative. During a supervised baked milk oral food challenge, a similar unilateral cutaneous reaction was observed, confirming the diagnosis of Frey's syndrome. A home-recorded video demonstrated comparable findings during feeding with formula.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Frey's syndrome is an important and under-recognized mimic of food allergy in infancy. Careful attention to laterality, absence of systemic involvement, and reproducibility across foods can prevent misdiagnosis, reduce unnecessary dietary restriction, and alleviate family anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Frey's syndrome should be considered in infants with reproducible unilateral flushing during feeding. Awareness among allergists can prevent misdiagnosis, reduce unnecessary food avoidance, and support safe nutritional and developmental outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51302,"journal":{"name":"Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13011496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-life antibiotics and childhood allergy: a multi-center cohort.","authors":"Moath Hattab, Yaman Abu Sarrees, Mahmoud Sous, Mosab Najajrah, Hamza Karmi, Maysa Alawneh, Suhaib Hattab","doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01013-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13223-026-01013-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic use in infants is hypothesized to alter the gut microbiota, influencing immune system dysregulation and increasing allergy risk. We aim to assess the prevalence of allergic diseases in children treated with different classes of antibiotics in early life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 2024 to January 2025 in three main hospitals in the West Bank in Palestine. Records of pediatric admissions of children who received antibiotic treatment within their first six months of life were reviewed, followed by parents' interview regarding the development of allergies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 423 medical records were included. The average age of children was 7.33 ± 1.38 years (mean ± SD), and 62.41% of them were males. The total prevalence of allergic diseases was 29.55%. Common manifestations of allergies were skin reactions (70.4%), wheezing (16.8%), and respiratory symptoms (10.4%). Among the most common reported triggers were food (10.17%) and dust (7.33%). The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were Beta-lactams; cefotaxime (78.49%), and ampicillin (63.59%). No statistically significant association was found between the number of antibiotics used and the development of allergies (p = 0.45). Similarly, different classes of antibiotics did not show an impact on developing allergies except for Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (p = 0.05). A significant decrease in allergy was observed with increasing age (p = 0.011).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Allergic conditions affect about one third of children treated with antibiotics in early life. While allergic conditions tended to decrease with age, no association was observed between antibiotic number/class and later allergy, except for a hypothesis-generating signal toward lower odds with TMP-SMX.</p>","PeriodicalId":51302,"journal":{"name":"Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12958692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146114880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sublingual immunotherapy for dust mite on Th 17 / Treg cells in children with asthma.","authors":"Fang Li, Xue Wang, Li Yin, Xiao Chu, Kun Wang, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01010-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13223-026-01010-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>observing the clinical effects of dust mite sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) on children with asthma, changes of Th17 / Treg cells and related cytokines in order to investigate the possible pathological mechanism of immune tolerance induced by SLIT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty children with asthma allergic to dust mites were included, divided into SLIT group (n = 30) and non-SLIT group (n = 30). Clinical symptoms of asthma in each group had been scored before, 1 year and 2 years after treatment. Meanwhile we also evaluated the proportion of Th17 and CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells in peripheral blood using flow cytometry. Besides, cell culture supernatant was collected to detect the changes of IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that in SLIT group, asthma symptom and drug use score, Th17 cell percentages, IL-6 and IL-17 levels have significantly decreased throughout the study period (p < 0.05), while FEV1%, Treg cell percentages and IL-10 level have prominently increased throughout the study period (p < 0.05). By contrast, in non-SLIT group, asthma symptom score, lung function, Th17 cell percentages, IL-6 and IL-17 levels have all significantly improved, but on the whole lower than SLIT group (p < 0.05). However, we have observed no statistical differences in drug use score, Treg cell percentages, IL-10 level for non-SLIT group throughout the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SLIT of Dust mite drops could change T immune cell profiles whereas improve asthma symptoms. SLIT might reverse the functional imbalance of Th 17 / Treg cells and induce immune tolerance by upregulating Treg cell function and downregulating Th17 cell function.</p>","PeriodicalId":51302,"journal":{"name":"Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12954900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHIM syndrome in a child without the classic tetrad: a case confirmed by de novo CXCR4 mutation.","authors":"Rayan Al Lohaibi, Khlood Alotibey, Randa Khafaji, Manar Altalhi, Manar Alqahtani, Aryam Alotaibi, Loie Goronfolah","doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01016-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13223-026-01016-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>WHIM syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency characterized by the classical tetrad of warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis. The majority of cases are associated with gain-of-function mutations in the CXCR4 gene. Recent studies have expanded the clinical spectrum of the disease, revealing that only a subset of patients present with all four hallmark features. This underscores the syndrome's variable expression and the need for greater clinical awareness of its atypical forms.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of a 6-year-old Saudi girl who presented with persistent neutropenia, recurrent upper respiratory infections, and an episode of thrombocytopenia following a dental procedure. She did not exhibit warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, or myelokathexis. Immunological workup revealed marked lymphopenia affecting T, B, and NK cells, while immunoglobulin levels remained within normal limits. Bone marrow findings were unremarkable. Whole-exome sequencing identified a heterozygous de novo CXCR4 frameshift mutation (c.1172_1173del), confirming the diagnosis of WHIM syndrome. The patient was clinically stable and managed conservatively with precautions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case contributes to the evolving understanding of the clinical variability in WHIM syndrome and highlights the importance of genetic testing in patients with unexplained neutropenia and recurrent infections, even in the absence of the complete clinical tetrad.</p>","PeriodicalId":51302,"journal":{"name":"Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12955258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing allergen characterization in Perilla seed: an oil body purification approach.","authors":"Kyunguk Jeong, Eunjung Kim, Purevsan Gantulga, Se-Ah Jeon, Sooyoung Lee","doi":"10.1186/s13223-026-01012-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13223-026-01012-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perilla seed (PS), a common food in East Asia, has emerged as a leading cause of seed-induced anaphylaxis in Korean children, yet its allergenic proteins remain unidentified. Oleosins, hydrophobic oil-body (OB)-associated storage proteins, are recognized allergens in peanuts, hazelnuts, and sesame, and preliminary evidence suggests a similar role in PS. However, the intrinsic challenges of extracting lipophilic proteins have hindered systematic investigation. This study aimed to purify PS OBs, isolate oleosin under optimized conditions, and characterize candidate major allergens. Commercial Korean PSs were homogenized, and OBs were purified via sequential flotation. After defatting, proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and tested by immunoglobulin E (IgE) immunoblotting using sera from pediatric PS-allergic patients. Protein bands corresponding to IgE binding were excised for LC-MS/MS analysis, and peptide spectra were searched against an in-house database using MASCOT. SDS-PAGE revealed multiple protein bands between 12 and 15, 20, 30-35, and ~ 50 kDa. IgE binding was observed at 12, 14-15, 20, 33, and 50 kDa, with inter-individual variability. LC-MS/MS consistently identified PS oleosin and oleosin-like proteins in the 12-15 kDa and 33 kDa regions, with the 14-15 kDa band showing the strongest identification (Mascot score up to 190). In conclusion, oleosin at 14-15 kDa, along with a probable 33 kDa dimeric form, represents the predominant allergenic protein in PS. This study provides the first systematic molecular characterization of PS oleosins and establishes a methodological framework for studying hydrophobic seed allergens.</p>","PeriodicalId":51302,"journal":{"name":"Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12882140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three cases of jackfruit allergy in Canada: a case series.","authors":"Faith Wierenga, Manstein Kan","doi":"10.1186/s13223-025-01006-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13223-025-01006-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jackfruit allergies have been rarely reported in the literature. In this case series, three case reports of jackfruit allergy in British Columbia, Canada are presented. All three patients also had a history of food pollen allergy syndrome to birch related foods. With increasing global trade and immigration, jackfruit will become more popular in non-endemic areas. As birch is a major pollen in North America, we could expect more reported jackfruit allergy in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":51302,"journal":{"name":"Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13059140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The International/Canadian hereditary angioedema guideline.","authors":"Stephen Betschel, Karen Binkley, Rozita Borici-Mazi, Hugo Chapdelaine, Jacques Hébert, Amin Kanani, Paul K Keith, Gina Lacuesta, Susan Waserman, William Yang, Valerie Palda, Kelly Lang-Robertson, Emel Aygören-Pürsün, Aleena Banerji, Jonathan A Bernstein, Teresa Caballero, Henriette Farkas, Anete S Grumach, Michihiro Hide, Connie Katelaris, Hilary J Longhurst, Markus Magerl, Marc Riedl, Andrea Zanichelli, Bruce Zuraw, Adil Adatia, Jean-Nicolas Boursiquot, Lori Connors, Victoria Cook, Michelle Cooper, Lisa Fu, Parwinder Gill, Dawn Goodyear, Amanda Jagdis, Samira Jeimy, Chrystyna Kalicinsky, Palinder Kamra, Manstein Kan, Harold Kim, Benoît Laramée, Erika Lee, Eric Leith, Louis Marois, Christine McCusker, Andrew O'Keefe, Ibraheem Othman, Man-Chiu Poon, Charles St-Pierre, Peter Stepaniuk, Ellie Tsai, Kelsey Uminski","doi":"10.1186/s13223-025-00999-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13223-025-00999-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This update to the 2019 Canadian Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Guideline broadens its focus to include the management of patients with HAE worldwide, building on its established international framework. It has been developed through a collaboration of Canadian and international HAE experts and patient groups, coordinated by the Canadian Hereditary Angioedema Network. The objective is to provide evidence-based recommendations, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, for the management of patients with HAE. These include recommendations for the treatment of attacks, short-term prophylaxis, and long-term prophylaxis, as well as recommendations for self-administration, individualized therapy, health-related quality of life, and comprehensive care. New to the 2024 edition are specific recommendations for the treatment of angioedema attacks in individuals with HAE who are breastfeeding/lactating, as well as a dedicated section on shared decision-making. HAE results in spontaneous and often unpredictable attacks of painful swelling, typically affecting the extremities, bowel mucosa, genitals, face, and upper airway. These attacks are associated with significant functional impairment, reduced health-related quality of life, and in the case of laryngeal attacks, a high risk of mortality. Managing HAE is complex, and patient care in Canada, similar to many other countries, remains inconsistent and suboptimal. Care delivery lags behind nations that have implemented more structured management models for HAE, and offer broader access to a wider range of approved therapies. This guideline is intended to be used to optimize HAE management, highlight the importance of individualized care, and provide guidance to healthcare providers, policymakers, patients, and advocates. Primary target users include healthcare providers who are managing patients with HAE, as well as emergency and intensive care physicians, primary care physicians, gastroenterologists, dentists, otolaryngologists, pediatricians, hematologists, dermatologists, and gynecologists who will encounter patients with HAE and need to be aware of this condition. Hospital administrators, insurers and policy makers may also find this guideline helpful.</p>","PeriodicalId":51302,"journal":{"name":"Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}