Plant Reproduction最新文献_第9页

Interploidy gene flow via a 'pentaploid bridge' and ploidy reduction in Cystopteris fragilis fern complex (Cystopteridaceae: Polypodiales). 脆弱囊毛蕨复合体中通过“五倍体桥”和倍体减少的多倍体基因流（囊毛蕨科：水龙骨科）。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Plant Reproduction Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00476-5

Jan Ptáček, Libor Ekrt, Ondřej Hornych, Tomáš Urfus

{"title":"Interploidy gene flow via a 'pentaploid bridge' and ploidy reduction in Cystopteris fragilis fern complex (Cystopteridaceae: Polypodiales).","authors":"Jan Ptáček, Libor Ekrt, Ondřej Hornych, Tomáš Urfus","doi":"10.1007/s00497-023-00476-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00497-023-00476-5","url":null,"abstract":"Key message: Our results indicate the existence of interploidy gene flow in Cystopteris fragilis, resulting in sexual triploid and diploid gametophytes from pentaploid parents. Similar evolutionary dynamics might operate in other fern complexes and need further investigation. Polyploidization and hybridization are a key evolutionary processes in ferns. Here, we outline an interploidy gene flow pathway operating in the polyploid Cystopteris fragilis complex. The conditions necessary for the existence of this pathway were tested. A total of 365 C. fragilis individuals were collected covering representatives of all three predominant ploidy levels (tetraploid, pentaploid, and hexaploid), cultivated, had their ploidy level estimated by flow cytometry, and their spores collected. The spores, as well as gametophytes and sporophytes established from them, were analysed by flow cytometry. Spore abortion rate was also estimated. In tetraploids, we observed the formation of unreduced (tetraploid) spores (ca 2%). Collected pentaploid individuals indicate ongoing hybridization between ploidy levels. Pentaploids formed up to 52% viable spores, ca 79% of them reduced, i.e. diploid and triploid. Reduced spores formed viable gametophytes, and, in the case of triploids, filial hexaploid sporophytes, showing evidence of sexual reproduction. Some tetraploid sporophytes reproduce apomictically (based on uniform ploidy of their metagenesis up to filial sporophytes). Triploid and diploid gametophytes from pentaploid parents are able to mate among themselves, or with \"normal\" reduced gametophytes from the sexual tetraploid sporophytes (the dominant ploidy level in the sporophytes in this populations), to produce tetraploid, pentaploid, and hexaploid sporophytes, allowing for geneflow from the pentaploids to both the tetraploid and hexaploid populations. Similar evolutionary dynamics might operate in other fern complexes and need further investigation.","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":"321-331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9927276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolutionary features of microspore and pollen grain development in Cyperaceae. 莎草科植物小孢子和花粉粒发育的进化特征。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Plant Reproduction Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00477-4

Danilo Massuia Rocha, Fernanda Mayara Nogueira, Thiago André, Jorge Ernesto de Araujo Mariath, André Luís Laforga Vanzela

{"title":"Evolutionary features of microspore and pollen grain development in Cyperaceae.","authors":"Danilo Massuia Rocha, Fernanda Mayara Nogueira, Thiago André, Jorge Ernesto de Araujo Mariath, André Luís Laforga Vanzela","doi":"10.1007/s00497-023-00477-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00497-023-00477-4","url":null,"abstract":"Key message: Asymmetric meiosis leading to the release of pollen grains as pseudomonads is a synapomorphy in Cyperaceae, but differences in microspore development are relevant in the family's evolutionary history. Cyperaceae members present atypical microsporogenesis, in which one meiotic product is functional while the other three degenerate, culminating in pseudomonad pollen formation. Differences during development, such as pseudomonad shape and degenerative microspore positioning, are seen throughout the family, but no phylogenetic interpretation has been made regarding these variances thus far. In this study, we analyzed the early- and late-diverging sedge genera Hypolytrum and Eleocharis, respectively, while comparing them to data available in the literature and conducting an ancestral character reconstruction for pseudomonad traits. Light microscopy results show that pseudomonad development in Hypolytrum is homologous to several other sedge genera, presenting apical degenerative microspores. However, pseudomonads are round and centrally arranged in the anther locule in this case, which consists of a pleisiomorphic trait for the family. The basal positioning of degenerative microspores is restricted to Rhynchospora, consisting of an apomorphic trait for this genus. Despite these differences, ultrastructural analysis of Eleocharis pseudomonad revealed shared features with other genera studied, which include variations in chromatin condensation and cytoplasmic turnover in functional cells. These common features seem related to the different cellular fates seen during microspore development and further corroborate the synapomorphic status of pseudomonads in sedges.","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":" ","pages":"333-342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9981264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic control of generative cell shape by DUO1 in Arabidopsis. DUO1基因对拟南芥生殖细胞形态的遗传调控。

IF 3.4 4区生物学

Plant Reproduction Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00462-x

Abdur Rauf, Hoda Khatab, Michael Borg, David Twell

{"title":"Genetic control of generative cell shape by DUO1 in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Abdur Rauf, Hoda Khatab, Michael Borg, David Twell","doi":"10.1007/s00497-023-00462-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-023-00462-x","url":null,"abstract":"Key message: The main features of generative cell morphogenesis, formation of a cytoplasmic projection and elongation of the GC body, operate through independent genetic pathways. Male gametogenesis in developing angiosperm pollen involves distinctive changes in cell morphogenesis. Re-shaping and elongation of the generative cell (GC) are linked to the formation of a GC cytoplasmic projection connected to the vegetative cell nucleus. Although genetic control of GC morphogenesis is unknown, we suspected the involvement of the germline-specific MYB transcription factor DUO POLLEN1 (DUO1). We used light and fluorescence microscopy to examine male germline development in pollen of wild-type Arabidopsis and in four allelic duo1 mutants expressing introduced cell markers. Our analysis shows that the undivided GC in duo1 pollen forms a cytoplasmic projection, but the cell body fails to elongate. In contrast GCs of cyclin-dependent kinase function mutants, which fail to divide like duo1 mutants, achieve normal morphogenesis. We conclude that DUO1 has an essential role in the elongation of the GC, but DUO1-independent pathways control the development of the GC cytoplasmic projection. The two main features of GC morphogenesis therefore operate through independently regulated genetic pathways.","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 3","pages":"243-254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10363056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9914347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical emasculation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and dicotyledonous model species using trifluoromethanesulfonamide (TFMSA). 使用三氟甲磺酰胺（TFMSA）对豇豆（Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.）和双子叶模式物种进行化学阉割。

IF 2.9 4区生物学

Plant Reproduction Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00469-4

Yuka Sekiguchi, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Takayoshi Ishii

{"title":"Chemical emasculation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and dicotyledonous model species using trifluoromethanesulfonamide (TFMSA).","authors":"Yuka Sekiguchi, Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Takayoshi Ishii","doi":"10.1007/s00497-023-00469-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00497-023-00469-4","url":null,"abstract":"Hybridization plays an indispensable role in creating the diversity associated with plant evolution and genetic improvement of crops. Production of hybrids requires control of pollination and avoidance of self-pollination for species that are predominantly autogamous. Hand emasculation, male sterility genes or male gametocides have been used in several plant species to induce pollen sterility. However, in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), a self-pollinated cleistogamous dryland crop, only hand emasculation is used, but it is tedious and time-consuming. In this study, male sterility was effectively induced in cowpea and two dicotyledonous model species (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and Nicotiana benthamiana Domin) using trifluoromethanesulfonamide (TFMSA). Pollen viability assays using Alexander staining showed that 30 ml of 1000 mg/l TFMSA with two-time treatments of one-week interval at the early stage of the reproductive phase under field or greenhouse conditions induced 99% pollen sterility in cowpea. TFMSA treatment induced non-functional pollen in diploid A. thaliana at two-time treatment of 10 ml of 125-250 mg/l per plant and N. benthamiana at two-time treatment of 10 ml of 250-1000 mg/l per plant. TFMSA-treated cowpea plants produced hybrid seeds when used as the female parent in crosses with non-treated plants used as male parents, suggesting that TFMSA had no effect on female functionality in cowpea. The ease of TFMSA treatment and its effectiveness to induce pollen sterility in a wide range of cowpea genotypes, and in the two model plant species tested in this study, may expand the scope of techniques for rapid pollination control in self-pollinated species, with potential applications in plant breeding and plant reproduction science.","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 3","pages":"273-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10363044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9867480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disruption of pollen tube homogalacturonan synthesis relieves pollen tube penetration defects in the Arabidopsis O-FUCOSYLTRANSFERASE1 mutant. 在拟南芥O- focusYLTRANSFERASE1突变体中，花粉管同源半乳糖酸合成的中断缓解了花粉管穿透缺陷。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Plant Reproduction Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00468-5

Kayleigh J Robichaux, Devin K Smith, Madison N Blea, Chrystle Weigand, Jeffrey F Harper, Ian S Wallace

{"title":"Disruption of pollen tube homogalacturonan synthesis relieves pollen tube penetration defects in the Arabidopsis O-FUCOSYLTRANSFERASE1 mutant.","authors":"Kayleigh J Robichaux, Devin K Smith, Madison N Blea, Chrystle Weigand, Jeffrey F Harper, Ian S Wallace","doi":"10.1007/s00497-023-00468-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00497-023-00468-5","url":null,"abstract":"During angiosperm sexual reproduction, pollen tubes must penetrate through multiple cell types in the pistil to mediate successful fertilization. Although this process is highly choreographed and requires complex chemical and mechanical signaling to guide the pollen tube to its destination, aspects of our understanding of pollen tube penetration through the pistil are incomplete. Our previous work demonstrated that disruption of the Arabidopsis thaliana O-FUCOSYLTRANSFERASE1 (OFT1) gene resulted in decreased pollen tube penetration through the stigma-style interface. Here, we demonstrate that second site mutations of Arabidopsis GALACTURONOSYLTRANSFERASE 14 (GAUT14) effectively suppress the phenotype of oft1 mutants, partially restoring silique length, seed set, pollen transmission, and pollen tube penetration deficiencies in navigating the female reproductive tract. These results suggest that disruption of pectic homogalacturonan (HG) synthesis can alleviate the penetrative defects associated with the oft1 mutant and may implicate pectic HG deposition in the process of pollen tube penetration through the stigma-style interface in Arabidopsis. These results also support a model in which OFT1 function directly or indirectly modifies structural features associated with the cell wall, with the loss of oft1 leading to an imbalance in the wall composition that can be compensated for by a reduction in pectic HG deposition.","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 3","pages":"263-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9914836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Regulatory dynamics of gene expression in the developing male gametophyte of Arabidopsis. 校正:拟南芥雄性配子体发育过程中基因表达的调控动力学。

IF 3.4 4区生物学

Plant Reproduction Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00471-w

Božena Klodová, David Potěšil, Lenka Steinbachová, Christos Michailidis, Ann-Cathrin Lindner, Dieter Hackenberg, Jörg D Becker, Zbyněk Zdráhal, David Twell, David Honys

引用次数: 0

Regulatory dynamics of gene expression in the developing male gametophyte of Arabidopsis. 拟南芥雄性配子体发育过程中基因表达的调控动态。

IF 3.4 4区生物学

Plant Reproduction Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00452-5

Božena Klodová, David Potěšil, Lenka Steinbachová, Christos Michailidis, Ann-Cathrin Lindner, Dieter Hackenberg, Jörg D Becker, Zbyněk Zdráhal, David Twell, David Honys

{"title":"Regulatory dynamics of gene expression in the developing male gametophyte of Arabidopsis.","authors":"Božena Klodová, David Potěšil, Lenka Steinbachová, Christos Michailidis, Ann-Cathrin Lindner, Dieter Hackenberg, Jörg D Becker, Zbyněk Zdráhal, David Twell, David Honys","doi":"10.1007/s00497-022-00452-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-022-00452-5","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual reproduction in angiosperms requires the production and delivery of two male gametes by a three-celled haploid male gametophyte. This demands synchronized gene expression in a short developmental window to ensure double fertilization and seed set. While transcriptomic changes in developing pollen are known for Arabidopsis, no studies have integrated RNA and proteomic data in this model. Further, the role of alternative splicing has not been fully addressed, yet post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation may have a key role in gene expression dynamics during microgametogenesis. We have refined and substantially updated global transcriptomic and proteomic changes in developing pollen for two Arabidopsis accessions. Despite the superiority of RNA-seq over microarray-based platforms, we demonstrate high reproducibility and comparability. We identify thousands of long non-coding RNAs as potential regulators of pollen development, hundreds of changes in alternative splicing and provide insight into mRNA translation rate and storage in developing pollen. Our analysis delivers an integrated perspective of gene expression dynamics in developing Arabidopsis pollen and a foundation for studying the role of alternative splicing in this model.","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 3","pages":"213-241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10363097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10236879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

MLPK function is not required for self-incompatibility in the S²⁹ haplotype of Brassica rapa L. 油菜S29单倍型自交不需要MLPK功能。

IF 3.4 4区生物学

Plant Reproduction Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00463-w

Mayu Ohata, Yoshinobu Takada, Yui Sato, Takumi Okamoto, Kohji Murase, Seiji Takayama, Go Suzuki, Masao Watanabe

{"title":"MLPK function is not required for self-incompatibility in the S29 haplotype of Brassica rapa L.","authors":"Mayu Ohata, Yoshinobu Takada, Yui Sato, Takumi Okamoto, Kohji Murase, Seiji Takayama, Go Suzuki, Masao Watanabe","doi":"10.1007/s00497-023-00463-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-023-00463-w","url":null,"abstract":"Key message: S29 haplotype does not require the MLPK function for self-incompatibility in Brassica rapa. Self-incompatibility (SI) in Brassicaceae is regulated by the self-recognition mechanism, which is based on the S-haplotype-specific direct interaction of the pollen-derived ligand, SP11/SCR, and the stigma-side receptor, SRK. M locus protein kinase (MLPK) is known to be one of the positive effectors of the SI response. MLPK directly interacts with SRK, and is phosphorylated by SRK in Brassica rapa. In Brassicaceae, MLPK was demonstrated to be essential for SI in B. rapa and Brassica napus, whereas it is not essential for SI in Arabidopsis thaliana (with introduced SRK and SP11/SCR from related SI species). Little is known about what determines the need for MLPK in SI of Brassicaceae. In this study, we investigated the relationship between S-haplotype diversity and MLPK function by analyzing the SI phenotypes of different S haplotypes in a mlpk/mlpk mutant background. The results have clarified that in B. rapa, all the S haplotypes except the S29 we tested need the MLPK function, but the S29 haplotype does not require MLPK for the SI. Comparative analysis of MLPK-dependent and MLPK-independent S haplotype might provide new insight into the evolution of S-haplotype diversity and the molecular mechanism of SI in Brassicaceae.","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 3","pages":"255-262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10363064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9868285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase FIN4 is required for tomato pollen intine development. 番茄花粉肠的发育需要羟脯氨酸 O-阿拉伯糖基转移酶 FIN4。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Plant Reproduction Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00459-6

Syeda Roop Fatima Jaffri, Holly Scheer, Cora A MacAlister

{"title":"The hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase FIN4 is required for tomato pollen intine development.","authors":"Syeda Roop Fatima Jaffri, Holly Scheer, Cora A MacAlister","doi":"10.1007/s00497-023-00459-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00497-023-00459-6","url":null,"abstract":"The pollen grain cell wall is a highly specialized structure composed of distinct layers formed through complex developmental pathways. The production of the innermost intine layer, composed of cellulose, pectin and other polymers, is particularly poorly understood. Here we demonstrate an important and specific role for the hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase (HPAT) FIN4 in tomato intine development. HPATs are plant-specific enzymes which initiate glycosylation of certain cell wall structural proteins and signaling peptides. FIN4 was expressed throughout pollen development in both the developing pollen and surrounding tapetal cells. A fin4 mutant with a partial deletion of the catalytic domain displayed significantly reduced male fertility in vivo and compromised pollen hydration and germination in vitro. However, fin4 pollen that successfully germinated formed morphologically normal pollen tubes with the same growth rate as the wild-type pollen. When we examined mature fin4 pollen, we found they were cytologically normal, and formed morphologically normal exine, but produced significantly thinner intine. During intine deposition at the late stages of pollen development we found fin4 pollen had altered polymer deposition, including reduced cellulose and increased detection of pectin, specifically homogalacturonan with both low and high degrees of methylesterification. Therefore, FIN4 plays an important role in intine formation and, in turn pollen hydration and germination and the process of intine formation involves dynamic changes in the developing pollen cell wall.","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 2","pages":"173-191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9595627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pollen tube invasive growth is promoted by callose. 胼胝质可促进花粉管侵入性生长。

IF 2.6 4区生物学

Plant Reproduction Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00458-7

Karuna Kapoor, Anja Geitmann

{"title":"Pollen tube invasive growth is promoted by callose.","authors":"Karuna Kapoor, Anja Geitmann","doi":"10.1007/s00497-023-00458-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00497-023-00458-7","url":null,"abstract":"Callose, a β-1,3-glucan, lines the pollen tube cell wall except for the apical growing region, and it constitutes the main polysaccharide in pollen tube plugs. These regularly deposited plugs separate the active portion of the pollen tube cytoplasm from the degenerating cell segments. They have been hypothesized to reduce the total amount of cell volume requiring turgor regulation, thus aiding the invasive growth mechanism. To test this, we characterized the growth pattern of Arabidopsis callose synthase mutants with altered callose deposition patterns. Mutant pollen tubes without callose wall lining or plugs had a wider diameter but grew slower compared to their respective wildtype. To probe the pollen tube's ability to perform durotropism in the absence of callose, we performed mechanical assays such as growth in stiffened media and assessed turgor through incipient plasmolysis. We found that mutants lacking plugs had lower invading capacity and higher turgor pressure when faced with a mechanically challenging substrate. To explain this unexpected elevation in turgor pressure in the callose synthase mutants we suspected that it is enabled by feedback-driven increased levels of de-esterified pectin and/or cellulose in the tube cell wall. Through immunolabeling we tested this hypothesis and found that the content and spatial distribution of these cell wall polysaccharides was altered in callose-deficient mutant pollen tubes. Combined, the results reveal how callose contributes to the pollen tube's invasive capacity and thus plays an important role in fertilization. In order to understand, how the pollen tube deposits callose, we examined the involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in the spatial targeting of callose synthases to the cell surface. The spatial proximity of actin with locations of callose deposition and the dramatic effect of pharmacological interference with actin polymerization suggest a potential role for the cytoskeleton in the spatial control of the characteristic wall assembly process in pollen tubes.","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 2","pages":"157-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9657383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0