Plant Reproduction最新文献

{"title":"Whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization technique in Torenia ovules.","authors":"Shihao Su,&nbsp;Xuan Zhou,&nbsp;Tetsuya Higashiyama","doi":"10.1007/s00497-022-00455-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-022-00455-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The expression pattern of an interested gene at a cellular level provides strong evidence for its functions. RNA in situ hybridization has been proved to be a powerful tool in detecting the spatial-temporal expression pattern of a gene in various organisms. However, classical RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) technique is time-consuming and requires sophisticated sectioning skills. Therefore, we developed a method for whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) on ovules of Torenia fournieri, which is a model species in the study of plant reproduction. T. fournieri possesses ovules with protruding embryo sacs, making it easy to be observed and imaged through simple manipulation. To determine the effect of classical ISH and our newly established WISH, we detected the expression of a D-class gene, TfSTK3, using both methods. The expression patterns of TfSTK3 are similar in classical ISH and WISH, confirming reliability of the WISH method. Compared with WISH, classical ISH always leads to distorted embryo sacs, hence difficult to distinguish signals within the female gametophyte. To understand whether our WISH protocol also works well in detecting genes expressed within embryo sacs, we further examined the expression of a synergid-enriched candidate, TfPMEI1, and clearly observed specific signals within two synergid cells. To summarize, our WISH technique allows to visualize gene expression patterns in ovules of T. fournieri within one week and will benefit the field of plant reproduction in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 2","pages":"139-146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9595124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogeny of the pollinium in Hoya carnosa provides new insights into microsporogenesis.","authors":"Yan-Feng Kuang, Rao-Zhen Jia, Henrik Balslev, Jing-Ping Liao","doi":"10.1007/s00497-023-00460-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00497-023-00460-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of a pollinium is a distinct character in Apocynaceae which is important for phylogenetic analysis. The pollinium of Hoya has an outer sporopollenin wall and a pellucid margin which are adaptive features. However, their ontogeny and related evolutionary implications are not entirely understood. Therefore, a representative species Hoya carnosa was selected to investigate the pollinium development using light and electron microscopy and cytochemical tests. In contrast to the microsporogenesis in most angiosperms, which is associated with callose, the non-callosic intersporal walls in Hoya carnosa, together with the successive cytokinesis and linear form of the tetrad, represent an alternative pattern of microsporogenesis. This pattern has specific implication for the early stages of pollen morphogenesis. The absence of exine and apertures in the pollen grains in the pollinium could result from a combination of factors including the absence of callose in the early stages and the modifications in later developmental pathways, e.g., the sporopollenin accumulation pathway. The pollinium wall is an exine without stratification, its surface lacks sculptures, and it provides structural support and protection. The pollen tubes germinate through the pellucid margin and germinating ridge which are specialized features. The pellucid margin originates from aborted microspores. The germinating ridge that lies on the outer side of the pellucid margin develops in the same way as a classic pollen exine. The pollen grains are aggregated by intine fusion which is favorable for tube germination and growth. Comparing Asclepiadoideae with the other two subfamilies of Apocynaceae that develop a pollinium, the pollinium of Asclepiadoideae has reduced deposition of sporopollenin in the inner walls but an increase in the outer pollinium wall, thus making the inner walls more reduced and simplified, and the outer walls more solid. The adaptive characters of the pollen wall structure and the cohesion mechanism suggest that the pollinium of Hoya carnosa is a derived form of pollen aggregation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 2","pages":"193-211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9657400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning to tango with four (or more): the molecular basis of adaptation to polyploid meiosis.","authors":"Kirsten Bomblies","doi":"10.1007/s00497-022-00448-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-022-00448-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyploidy, which arises from genome duplication, has occurred throughout the history of eukaryotes, though it is especially common in plants. The resulting increased size, heterozygosity, and complexity of the genome can be an evolutionary opportunity, facilitating diversification, adaptation and the evolution of functional novelty. On the other hand, when they first arise, polyploids face a number of challenges, one of the biggest being the meiotic pairing, recombination and segregation of the suddenly more than two copies of each chromosome, which can limit their fertility. Both for developing polyploidy as a crop improvement tool (which holds great promise due to the high and lasting multi-stress resilience of polyploids), as well as for our basic understanding of meiosis and plant evolution, we need to know both the specific nature of the challenges polyploids face, as well as how they can be overcome in evolution. In recent years there has been a dramatic uptick in our understanding of the molecular basis of polyploid adaptations to meiotic challenges, and that is the focus of this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 1","pages":"107-124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9957869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10787682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology-driven approaches for meiosis research in tomato and wild relatives.","authors":"Sander A Peters,&nbsp;Charles J Underwood","doi":"10.1007/s00497-022-00450-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-022-00450-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meiosis is a specialized cell division during reproduction where one round of chromosomal replication is followed by genetic recombination and two rounds of segregation to generate recombined, ploidy-reduced spores. Meiosis is crucial to the generation of new allelic combinations in natural populations and artificial breeding programs. Several plant species are used in meiosis research including the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) which is a globally important crop species. Here we outline the unique combination of attributes that make tomato a powerful model system for meiosis research. These include the well-characterized behavior of chromosomes during tomato meiosis, readily available genomics resources, capacity for genome editing, clonal propagation techniques, lack of recent polyploidy and the possibility to generate hybrids with twelve related wild species. We propose that further exploitation of genome bioinformatics, genome editing and artificial intelligence in tomato will help advance the field of plant meiosis research. Ultimately this will help address emerging themes including the evolution of meiosis, how recombination landscapes are determined, and the effect of temperature on meiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 1","pages":"97-106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9957858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10787681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repair of DNA double-strand breaks in plant meiosis: role of eukaryotic RecA recombinases and their modulators.","authors":"Côme Emmenecker,&nbsp;Christine Mézard,&nbsp;Rajeev Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00497-022-00443-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-022-00443-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Homologous recombination during meiosis is crucial for the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair that promotes the balanced segregation of homologous chromosomes and enhances genetic variation. In most eukaryotes, two recombinases RAD51 and DMC1 form nucleoprotein filaments on single-stranded DNA generated at DSB sites and play a central role in the meiotic DSB repair and genome stability. These nucleoprotein filaments perform homology search and DNA strand exchange to initiate repair using homologous template-directed sequences located elsewhere in the genome. Multiple factors can regulate the assembly, stability, and disassembly of RAD51 and DMC1 nucleoprotein filaments. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the meiotic functions of RAD51 and DMC1 and the role of their positive and negative modulators. We discuss the current models and regulators of homology searches and strand exchange conserved during plant meiosis. Manipulation of these repair factors during plant meiosis also holds a great potential to accelerate plant breeding for crop improvements and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 1","pages":"17-41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9082363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crossover patterning in plants.","authors":"Andrew Lloyd","doi":"10.1007/s00497-022-00445-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00497-022-00445-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>Chromatin state, and dynamic loading of pro-crossover protein HEI10 at recombination intermediates shape meiotic chromosome patterning in plants. Meiosis is the basis of sexual reproduction, and its basic progression is conserved across eukaryote kingdoms. A key feature of meiosis is the formation of crossovers which result in the reciprocal exchange of segments of maternal and paternal chromosomes. This exchange generates chromosomes with new combinations of alleles, increasing the efficiency of both natural and artificial selection. Crossovers also form a physical link between homologous chromosomes at metaphase I which is critical for accurate chromosome segregation and fertility. The patterning of crossovers along the length of chromosomes is a highly regulated process, and our current understanding of its regulation forms the focus of this review. At the global scale, crossover patterning in plants is largely governed by the classically observed phenomena of crossover interference, crossover homeostasis and the obligatory crossover which regulate the total number of crossovers and their relative spacing. The molecular actors behind these phenomena have long remained obscure, but recent studies in plants implicate HEI10 and ZYP1 as key players in their coordination. In addition to these broad forces, a wealth of recent studies has highlighted how genomic and epigenomic features shape crossover formation at both chromosomal and local scales, revealing that crossovers are primarily located in open chromatin associated with gene promoters and terminators with low nucleosome occupancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 1","pages":"55-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9957876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9181464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancestral self-compatibility facilitates the establishment of allopolyploids in Brassicaceae.","authors":"Polina Yu Novikova,&nbsp;Uliana K Kolesnikova,&nbsp;Alison Dawn Scott","doi":"10.1007/s00497-022-00451-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-022-00451-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-incompatibility systems based on self-recognition evolved in hermaphroditic plants to maintain genetic variation of offspring and mitigate inbreeding depression. Despite these benefits in diploid plants, for polyploids who often face a scarcity of mating partners, self-incompatibility can thwart reproduction. In contrast, self-compatibility provides an immediate advantage: a route to reproductive viability. Thus, diploid selfing lineages may facilitate the formation of new allopolyploid species. Here, we describe the mechanism of establishment of at least four allopolyploid species in Brassicaceae (Arabidopsis suecica, Arabidopsis kamchatica, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Brassica napus), in a manner dependent on the prior loss of the self-incompatibility mechanism in one of the ancestors. In each case, the degraded S-locus from one parental lineage was dominant over the functional S-locus of the outcrossing parental lineage. Such dominant loss-of-function mutations promote an immediate transition to selfing in allopolyploids and may facilitate their establishment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 1","pages":"125-138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9957919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9436183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing the evolution of the plant meiotic molecular machinery.","authors":"Gokilavani Thangavel,&nbsp;Paulo G Hofstatter,&nbsp;Raphaël Mercier,&nbsp;André Marques","doi":"10.1007/s00497-022-00456-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-022-00456-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meiosis is a highly conserved specialised cell division in sexual life cycles of eukaryotes, forming the base of gene reshuffling, biological diversity and evolution. Understanding meiotic machinery across different plant lineages is inevitable to understand the lineage-specific evolution of meiosis. Functional and cytogenetic studies of meiotic proteins from all plant lineage representatives are nearly impossible. So, we took advantage of the genomics revolution to search for core meiotic proteins in accumulating plant genomes by the highly sensitive homology search approaches, PSI-BLAST, HMMER and CLANS. We could find that most of the meiotic proteins are conserved in most of the lineages. Exceptionally, Arabidopsis thaliana ASY4, PHS1, PRD2, PRD3 orthologs were mostly not detected in some distant algal lineages suggesting their minimal conservation. Remarkably, an ancestral duplication of SPO11 to all eukaryotes could be confirmed. Loss of SPO11-1 in Chlorophyta and Charophyta is likely to have occurred, suggesting that SPO11-1 and SPO11-2 heterodimerisation may be a unique feature in land plants of Viridiplantae. The possible origin of the meiotic proteins described only in plants till now, DFO and HEIP1, could be traced and seems to occur in the ancestor of vascular plants and Streptophyta, respectively. Our comprehensive approach is an attempt to provide insights about meiotic core proteins and thus the conservation of meiotic pathways across plant kingdom. We hope that this will serve the meiotic community a basis for further characterisation of interesting candidates in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 1","pages":"73-95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9957857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9092003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why do plants need the ZMM crossover pathway? A snapshot of meiotic recombination from the perspective of interhomolog polymorphism.","authors":"Piotr A Ziolkowski","doi":"10.1007/s00497-022-00446-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00497-022-00446-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the heart of meiosis is crossover recombination, i.e., reciprocal exchange of chromosome fragments between parental genomes. Surprisingly, in most eukaryotes, including plants, several recombination pathways that can result in crossover event operate in parallel during meiosis. These pathways emerged independently in the course of evolution and perform separate functions, which directly translate into their roles in meiosis. The formation of one crossover per chromosome pair is required for proper chromosome segregation. This \"obligate\" crossover is ensured by the major crossover pathway in plants, and in many other eukaryotes, known as the ZMM pathway. The secondary pathways play important roles also in somatic cells and function mainly as repair mechanisms for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) not used for crossover formation. One of the consequences of the functional differences between ZMM and other DSB repair pathways is their distinct sensitivities to polymorphisms between homologous chromosomes. From a population genetics perspective, these differences may affect the maintenance of genetic variability. This might be of special importance when considering that a significant portion of plants uses inbreeding as a predominant reproductive strategy, which results in loss of interhomolog polymorphism. While we are still far from fully understanding the relationship between meiotic recombination pathways and genetic variation in populations, recent studies of crossovers in plants offer a new perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 1","pages":"43-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9452195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The meiotic topoisomerase VI B subunit (MTOPVIB) is essential for meiotic DNA double-strand break formation in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).","authors":"Stefan Steckenborn,&nbsp;Maria Cuacos,&nbsp;Mohammad A Ayoub,&nbsp;Chao Feng,&nbsp;Veit Schubert,&nbsp;Iris Hoffie,&nbsp;Götz Hensel,&nbsp;Jochen Kumlehn,&nbsp;Stefan Heckmann","doi":"10.1007/s00497-022-00444-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-022-00444-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>In barley (Hordeum vulgare), MTOPVIB is critical for meiotic DSB and accompanied SC and CO formation while dispensable for meiotic bipolar spindle formation. Homologous recombination during meiosis assures genetic variation in offspring. Programmed meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired as crossover (CO) or non-crossover (NCO) during meiotic recombination. The meiotic topoisomerase VI (TopoVI) B subunit (MTOPVIB) plays an essential role in meiotic DSB formation critical for CO-recombination. More recently MTOPVIB has been also shown to play a role in meiotic bipolar spindle formation in rice and maize. Here, we describe a meiotic DSB-defective mutant in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) endonuclease-generated mtopVIB plants show complete sterility due to the absence of meiotic DSB, synaptonemal complex (SC), and CO formation leading to the occurrence of univalents and their unbalanced segregation into aneuploid gametes. In HvmtopVIB plants, we also frequently found the bi-orientation of sister kinetochores in univalents during metaphase I and the precocious separation of sister chromatids during anaphase I. Moreover, the near absence of polyads after meiosis II, suggests that despite being critical for meiotic DSB formation in barley, MTOPVIB seems not to be strictly required for meiotic bipolar spindle formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51297,"journal":{"name":"Plant Reproduction","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9957907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9083424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}