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Discontinuum physics leads to a table of realities for making predictions 间断物理学导致了一个用于预测的现实表
IF 0.6
Physics Essays Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.395
E. Taylor, R. Iyer
{"title":"Discontinuum physics leads to a table of realities for making predictions","authors":"E. Taylor, R. Iyer","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.395","url":null,"abstract":"By following up on three papers that (1) were previously published, and (2) following Einstein's 1954 speculations, it is possible physics is based on a discontinuum theory, and the continuum concept along with space and time must be discarded, a table of realities is developed and\u0000 used for making predictions. These predictions include (1) discontinuum gravity is required to detail a gravitational collapse, which means (2) general relativity is falsified, and (3) there are discontinuum gravity blackholes, not general relativity blackholes, and (4) there are no general\u0000 relativity singularities.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49440445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Galilean transformation is not completely Newtonian 伽利略变换不是完全牛顿的
IF 0.6
Physics Essays Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.392
Shukri Klinaku
{"title":"Galilean transformation is not completely Newtonian","authors":"Shukri Klinaku","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.392","url":null,"abstract":"Hundreds of thousands of physicists, for more than a century, when they talk about space and time, “know by heart” that: according to Newton, space and time are absolute. But Newton also defined relative space and time. I invite physicists to (re)read Newton’s\u0000 description of relative space and time, where they will see that the equation <mml:math display=\"inline\"> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:math> , which is imputed in the current\u0000 Galilean transformation, has nothing to do with Newton’s contribution on this issue.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48452879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Classical Doppler shift explains the Michelson‐Morley null result 经典多普勒频移解释Michelson-Morley零结果
IF 0.6
Physics Essays Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.326
Nathan Rapport
{"title":"Classical Doppler shift explains the Michelson‐Morley null result","authors":"Nathan Rapport","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.326","url":null,"abstract":"Here we review Michelson‐Morley's original analysis of their interferometer experiment and discuss its use of optical distance. We derive a formula for transverse Doppler shift from geometric considerations, apply this to the Michelson‐Morley interferometer, and present\u0000 a phase analysis for the experiment. Furthermore, we present an equation for Doppler shift at a general angle and use this to derive the null phase shift result for round-trip interferometer paths at any arbitrary angle. We do not dispute the validity of the null result, nor the prediction\u0000 of an arrival-time difference for the transverse and longitudinal arms of the interferometer; rather, we challenge the implicit assumption that an arrival time difference will necessarily result in an observable fringe shift.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41982836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Black holes, disk structures, and cosmological implications in e-dimensional space 黑洞、盘状结构和e维空间的宇宙学含义
IF 0.6
Physics Essays Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.345
S. Kak, M. Kafatos
{"title":"Black holes, disk structures, and cosmological implications in e-dimensional space","authors":"S. Kak, M. Kafatos","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.345","url":null,"abstract":"We examine a modern view of the universe that builds on achieved successes of quantum mechanics, general relativity, and information theory, bringing them together in integrated approach that is founded on the realization that space itself is e-dimensional. The global and local\u0000 implications of noninteger dimensionality are examined, and how it may have increased from the value of zero to its current value is investigated. We find surprising aspects that tie to structures in the universe, black holes, and the role of observations.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44541344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Einstein’s questioning and speculations lead to theoretical photon momentum 爱因斯坦的质疑和推测导致了理论上的光子动量
IF 0.6
Physics Essays Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.321
E. Taylor, R. Iyer
{"title":"Einstein’s questioning and speculations lead to theoretical photon momentum","authors":"E. Taylor, R. Iyer","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.321","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical photon momentum results from (1) using Einstein’s paper questioning whether a body’s inertia depended on its energy content, and (2) using two previously published papers that followed Einstein’s 1954 speculations that (a) it is possible physics is based\u0000 on a discontinuum theory, and (b) the continuum concept along with space and time must be discarded.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43128605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Absurd: Einstein’s special relativity (SR) causes an inconstant speed of light, claiming to explain the consequences of a constant speed c 荒谬:爱因斯坦的狭义相对论(SR)导致光的速度不恒定，声称可以解释恒定速度c的结果
IF 0.6
Physics Essays Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.372
Reiner Georg Ziefle
{"title":"Absurd: Einstein’s special relativity (SR) causes an inconstant speed of light, claiming to explain the consequences of a constant speed c","authors":"Reiner Georg Ziefle","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.372","url":null,"abstract":"Einstein was led astray by a physically incorrect calculation by Michelson and Morley in the context of the Michelson‐Morley experiment. For the light beam in the horizontal light path, their calculation yields the claim that [(1 − v/c) × c] + [(1 + v/c) × c] = 2[(1 − v2/c2) × c].\u0000 This is incorrect and mathematically increases the horizontal light path 2d 0 by the factor [(1 + v2/c2)], which Einstein’s theory of special relativity corrects by introducing the time dilation factor γ and the\u0000 length contraction factor 1/γ. When we calculate correctly, the mathematical increase in the length of horizontal light path no longer happens and Einstein’s mathematical corrections of the horizontal light path imply an inconstancy of the speed of light. This means that Einstein’s\u0000 special relativity is just a mathematical correction of a physical calculation error, not a true physical theory, and it was thus pure chance that Einstein found the physically real kinematic time dilation factor γ. The null result of the Michelson‐Morley experiment, along with\u0000 the kinematic and gravitational time dilation, must instead be explained by a constant value for the speed c of light with respect to the gravitational potentials of predominant gravitational fields, resulting from the principles of minimum energy and energy conservation. On this basis,\u0000 it becomes possible to predict so-called general relativistic phenomena, e.g., the precession of Mercury’s perihelion or the phenomena observed in the binary pulsar PSR B1913 + 16, just by applying Kepler’s second law and simple quantum physical considerations. [R.\u0000 G. Ziefle, Phys. Essays 33, 99 (2020)].","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45114723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Erratum: “Absurd: Einstein’s special relativity (SR) causes an inconstant speed of light, claiming to explain the consequences of a constant speed c” [Phys. Essays 35, 372 (2022)] 勘误:“荒谬:爱因斯坦的狭义相对论(SR)导致光的非恒定速度，声称可以解释恒定速度c的结果”[物理学。论文35,372 (2022)]
IF 0.6
Physics Essays Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.414
Reiner Georg Ziefle
{"title":"Erratum: “Absurd: Einstein’s special relativity (SR) causes an inconstant speed of light, claiming to explain the consequences of a constant speed c” [Phys. Essays 35, 372 (2022)]","authors":"Reiner Georg Ziefle","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.414","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42828430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The mathematical physical equations satisfied by retarded and advanced Green’s functions 延迟格林函数和高级格林函数满足的数学物理方程
IF 0.6
Physics Essays Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.380
Huai-Yu Wang
{"title":"The mathematical physical equations satisfied by retarded and advanced Green’s functions","authors":"Huai-Yu Wang","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.4.380","url":null,"abstract":"In mathematical physics, time-dependent Green’s functions (GFs) are the solutions of differential equations of the first and second time derivatives. Habitually, the time-dependent GFs are Fourier transformed into the frequency space. Then, analytical continuation of the frequency\u0000 is extended to below or above the real axis. After inverse Fourier transformation, retarded and advanced GFs can be obtained, and there may be arbitrariness in such analytical continuation. In the present work, we establish the differential equations from which the retarded and advanced GFs\u0000 are rigorously solved. The key point is that the derivative of the time step function is the Dirac δ function plus an infinitely small quantity, where the latter is not negligible because it embodies the meaning of time delay or time advance. The retarded and advanced GFs defined\u0000 in this paper are the same as the one-body GFs defined with the help of the creation and destruction operators in many-body theory. There is no way to define the causal GF in mathematical physics, and the reason is given. This work puts the initial conditions into differential equations, thereby\u0000 paving a way for solving the problem of why there are motions that are irreversible in time.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42739650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Comment on “Bell tests explained by classical optics without quantum entanglement” by Dean L. Mamas [Phys. Essays 34, 340 (2021)] Dean L.Mamas对“没有量子纠缠的经典光学解释的贝尔测试”的评论[Phys.Essents 34，340（2021）]
IF 0.6
Physics Essays Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-36.1.87
Richard D. Gill
{"title":"Comment on “Bell tests explained by classical optics without quantum entanglement” by Dean L. Mamas [Phys. Essays 34, 340 (2021)]","authors":"Richard D. Gill","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-36.1.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-36.1.87","url":null,"abstract":"In a paper published in the journal [Phys. Essays 34, 340 (2021)], Mamas writes “A polarized photon interacts with a polarizer through the component of the photon's electric field which is aligned with the polarizer. This component varies as the cosine of the angle through\u0000 which the polarizer is rotated, explaining the cosine observed in Bell test data. Quantum mechanics is unnecessary and plays no role”. Mamas is right that according to this physical model, one will observe a negative cosine. However, the amplitude of the cosine curve is 50%, not 100%,\u0000 and it consequently does not violate any Bell-CHSH inequality. Mamas' physical model is a classic local hidden variables model. The result is illustrated with a Monte Carlo simulation.","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48871669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inseparable realities result from the previous falsification of relativity and replacement of spacetime 不可分割的现实是先前相对论的证伪和时空的置换造成的
IF 0.6
Physics Essays Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-35.3.250
E. Taylor
{"title":"Inseparable realities result from the previous falsification of relativity and replacement of spacetime","authors":"E. Taylor","doi":"10.4006/0836-1398-35.3.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-35.3.250","url":null,"abstract":"Inseparable realities result from the previous falsification of relativity and replacement of spacetime in two papers that (1) were previously published in this journal and (2) followed Einstein’s 1954 speculations it is possible physics is based on a discontinuum theory, and\u0000 the continuum concept along with space and time must be discarded. Using Einstein’s equivalency strategy, a vacuum state with a zero net total energy and absolute-nothing are demonstrated to be equivalent. Einstein’s general relativity must be replaced, because it was falsified\u0000 by the first paper previously published in this journal and, in addition, it is a generalization of a falsified theory (i.e., special relativity).","PeriodicalId":51274,"journal":{"name":"Physics Essays","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43172675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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