Physician and Sportsmedicine最新文献

{"title":"Pediatric bowling injuries presenting to U.S. emergency departments: a descriptive epidemiologic study.","authors":"Tyra Swanson, David Mikhail, Dai Sugimoto, David Soma, Jacob Jones, Luke Radel","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2565145","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2565145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Bowling is a popular youth sport, but despite its popularity, there is limited research on pediatric bowling-related injuries. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to identify common injury locations and types among pediatric bowlers and assess differences in common injured body locations and diagnoses based on age and sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were sourced from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) for the period 2014-2023, focusing on individuals 18 years old or younger. The data sourced from NEISS are raw numbers of cases, not stratified/weighted data. Injuries were categorized by body locations and diagnoses, and chi-square test was performed to compare injury patterns between pre-adolescents (5-10 years) and adolescents (11-18 years), as well as between males and females, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval to determine significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 755 injuries were analyzed: 375 in pre-adolescents and 380 in adolescents, with 399 injuries in males and 356 in females. Overall, the most frequently injured body locations were the finger (30.7%), face (9.3%), wrist (8.6%), knee (7.4%), and lumbar spine (6.8%). Pre-adolescents experienced more finger (OR = 4.00, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and face (OR = 8.00, <i>p</i> < 0.001) injuries, while adolescents had more wrist (OR = 2.38, <i>p</i> = 0.001), knee (OR = 6.63, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and lumbar spine (OR = 4.41, <i>p</i> < 0.001) injuries. Males had a higher frequency of finger injuries (OR = 1.55, <i>p</i> = 0.006), whereas females experienced more wrist injuries (OR = 2.19, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Regarding diagnoses, pre-adolescents had a higher proportion of fractures (OR = 3.40, <i>p</i> < 0.001), contusions/abrasions (OR = 1.74, <i>p</i> = 0.007), lacerations (OR = 8.00, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and crushing injuries (OR = 2.91, <i>p</i> = 0.034), while adolescents had more sprains/strains (OR = 4.78, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Males were more likely to suffer fractures (OR = 2.11, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and females more likely to sustain sprains/strains (OR = 2.32, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that finger, face, and wrist injuries are common among youth bowlers. Differences in injury patterns may be attributed to variations in skeletal maturity, physiology, and experience. These results underscore the need for targeted prevention strategies and further research in pediatric bowling.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"448-455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The state of online information about Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): what are patients asking and what are their sources of information?","authors":"Aaron Z Chen, Kyle K Obana, Christian Law, Michael A Mastroianni, Matthew L Magruder, Bryan M Saltzman, David P Trofa","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2586451","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2586451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising treatment option in orthopedics, albeit with mixed clinical data. Therefore, patient interest in PRP has grown, reflected as an increase in the number of PRP-related internet searches. The aims of this study are to 1) investigate the most frequently searched online patient questions related to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and 2) evaluate the quality of websites providing information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three PRP-related search queries were entered into Google Web Search and the 100 most common questions for each query were included. Questions were categorized based on Rothwell's Classification of Questions (Fact, Policy, Value) and further subcategorized based on their content. Websites were further categorized by type (Academic, Commercial, Government, Medical Practice, Single Surgeon Personal, and Social Media) and evaluated based on the JAMA Benchmark Criteria for website quality. Statistical analysis was performed with descriptive statistics and reported as percentages where appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most questions fell into the Rothwell Value (43.0%) and Fact (40.6%) categories. The most common questions that patients had about PRP pertained to efficacy of treatment (14.0%), comparison of treatment with other options (13.0%), and cost (10.9%). The most common sources of information were medical practice (50.9%) and single surgeon personal websites (14.7%), which had low website quality with JAMA Benchmark criteria of 0.68 ± 0.87, and 0.58 ± 0.85, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The most common questions patients had about PRP pertained to the evaluation of its effectiveness and how it compared with other treatment options. Notably, patients received most information from websites of low quality, highlighting the potential for bias and misinformation. Physicians should use these results instead provide up-to-date, evidence-driven information about PRP to help guide patient expectations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"492-499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising trends in pediatric fractures associated with electric scooter use seen in emergency departments between 2014 and 2023.","authors":"Doria L Weiss, Christian K Law, Avanish Yendluri, Daniel X Zhang, Kyle K Obana, Michael J Danaher, Robert L Parisien, David P Trofa","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2502323","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2502323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As the use of electric scooters (e-scooters) has significantly increased in the past decade, there has been a concomitant rise in e-scooter related injuries. This study aims to analyze trends and mechanisms of e-scooter fractures in the US pediatric population. We hypothesized that there would be a significant increase in pediatric e-scooter fractures particularly from 2020 to 2023, with forearm fractures being the most prominent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for pediatric (age ≤18) e-scooter fractures reported at US EDs between 1 January 2014, and 31 December 2023. The mechanisms of injury and specific bone(s) that were fractured were identified using the injury narrative. Trends in fracture patterns were analyzed using linear regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 669 pediatric e-scooter fractures (NE = 18,103) were included. There was a significant increase in pediatric fractures from 2014 to 2023 (<i>p</i> = .011). In addition, there was a 2.7-fold increase in the annual average fracture incidence from pre-COVID (2017-2019) to post-COVID (2021-2023). The most common body part fractured was the lower arm (NE = 5,047, 27.9%) and wrist (NE = 4,765, 26.3%). The most common bone fractured was the radius (NE = 3,681, 33.8%) followed by the clavicle (NE = 952, 8.7%). The most common mechanisms of injury were falling off of the e-scooter (NE = 14,513, 80.2%) followed by impact with stationary obstacles (NE = 1,721; 9.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of fractures in the pediatric population due to e-scooter use has risen significantly in the past decade, particularly since COVID-19. The lower arm and wrist were the most commonly affected, with the radius being the most frequently fractured bone. These findings highlight the need for enhanced regulation and safety measures to prevent fractures in young riders.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"423-429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injury epidemiology in young female American football athletes: a 10-year analysis using NEISS data.","authors":"David Mikhail, Dai Sugimoto, Cassidy Schultz, Luke Radel, David Soma, Sophia Ulman, Jacob Jones","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2548761","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2548761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>American football has traditionally been male-dominated, but female participation in youth football is increasing, especially with the rise of flag football. This study aimed to (1) describe the epidemiology of injured body parts and diagnoses in female youth football athletes, and (2) compare injury patterns between pre-high school (≤14 years) and high school (≥15 years) players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>American football-related injury data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from 2012-2021, representing U.S. emergency department visits. All participants were female and ≤18 years. Injuries were classified by body part and diagnosis, then compared between pre-high school and high school groups. Descriptive statistics summarized injury characteristics. Chi-square tests assessed group differences, with odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p-values for significance. NEISS data lack detail on injury context, which may limit interpretation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,348 injuries were identified: 2,342 in pre-high school and 1,006 in high school athletes. The most common injury sites for both groups were the upper extremity (pre-high school: 57.9%; high school: 43.1%), followed by the lower extremity (22.1% vs. 30.6%) and head/trunk (18.7% vs. 25.1%). Pre-high school athletes sustained proportionally more finger injuries (38.8% vs. 27.1%, p=0.001) and fractures (31.8% vs. 20.4%, p=0.001). High school athletes had higher proportions of head (20.5% vs. 14.1%), ankle (12.7% vs. 10.2%), and knee injuries (10.3% vs. 5.3%) (all p<0.05), as well as more sprains/strains (39.3% vs. 33.9%, p=0.003) and concussions (11.1% vs. 7.4%, p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Injury patterns differ by age among female youth football players. Pre-high school athletes more often sustain finger injuries and fractures, while high school athletes experience more head, ankle, and knee injuries, along with higher rates of sprains/strains and concussions. These differences may reflect variations in physiology and style of play, and findings may inform age-specific injury prevention strategies and guide future research on female football athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"441-447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injuries among professional ballet dancers in Finland: a prospective cohort study over five ballet seasons (FinBallet Study).","authors":"Kati Pasanen, Lauri Alanko, Johanna Osmala, Sarah J Kenny, Tommi Vasankari, Sari Aaltonen","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2570113","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2570113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine the incidence and characteristics of injuries in professional ballet dancers across multiple seasons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hundred-and-sixteen ballet dancers (median age 24; range 18-40, females 53%) from a professional ballet company agreed to participate and were followed for up to five ballet seasons. All dance-related injuries requiring a visit to a medical doctor were recorded by in-house physiotherapists. Injury rates per 100 dancer seasons were calculated and injury characteristics (i.e. anatomical location, tissue type, severity, and mechanism) were described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hundred-and-sixty injuries occurred in 311 dancer-seasons, comprising an injury rate (IR) of 51.5 injuries (95% CI 45.9 to 57.0) per 100 dancer-seasons. Eighty-three percent of the injuries affected the lower limbs (IR 42.4, 95% CI 37.0 to 47.9). The ankle was the most injured body region (IR 15.4, 95% CI 11.4 to 19.5), followed by lower leg (IR 8.4, 95% CI 5.3 to 11.4), and knee (IR 6.1, 95% CI 3.5 to 8.8). Thirty-nine percent of injuries involved muscle/tendon structures, and 29% involved ligaments/joints. Fifty-seven percent of injuries were severe, causing more than 28 days absence from dance. Of all injuries, 57% were sudden onset, and 43% were gradual onset injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results highlight the need for effective interventions to reduce the high incidence of lower limb injuries, including ankle sprains, tendon issues, muscle strains, and stress fractures in professional ballet dancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"466-474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic status and concussion recovery in young athletes.","authors":"Liga A Kreitner, Eric M Crowley, Roland C Hentz, Chung Il Wi, David B Soma","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2590420","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2590420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Socioeconomic status (SES) may be associated with time to return to play (RTP) after sport-related concussion (SRC), but the literature is limited and has yielded mixed results. The purpose of our study was to determine the association between SES and concussion recovery in high school and middle school athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High school and middle school athletes from 24 schools in southeast Minnesota who sustained a SRC between 2020 and 2023 were included in this study. Data obtained for each concussion included date of injury and date of clearance to complete a RTP protocol. A validated measure of SES, HOUSES (HOUsing-based index of SES), was used to determine SES by pairing home addresses to publicly available property data. SES was divided into four quartiles determined for the region (Q1 = lowest SES quartile, Q4 = highest SES quartile). A negative-bimodal regression model was used to analyze the relationship between SES and RTP time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 132 athletes (mean age 15.9 ± 1.5 years, 75.0% male) were included in the study. Among the total cohort, median RTP time was 12.0 days. Within each HOUSES quartile, median RTP time was 16 days in Q1, 12 days in Q2, 13 days in Q3, and 11 days in Q4. After adjusting for sex, race, ethnicity, and prior diagnosis of migraines, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disorder, and mood disorder, athletes were estimated to have 23.9% fewer recovery days for each 1-unit increase in HOUSES quartile (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RTP time after concussion may be related to SES in young athletes, with higher SES associated with shorter RTP timelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"500-506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145507893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of pickleball injuries by age group treated in emergency departments in the United States.","authors":"Ronit Kulkarni, Joshua Morningstar, Michael Otten, Henry Baird, William M Pullen, Harris Slone","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2539062","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2539062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pickleball's rapid rise in popularity in the U.S. has led to a surge in injuries, particularly as younger players have begun engaging in the sport at greater rates. Understanding injury trends across age groups is critical for guiding prevention strategies. This study aims to examine pickleball-related injuries in different age groups, specifically comparing injury mechanisms and types between older (≥65 years) and younger players to identify age-specific risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), we identified pickleball-related injuries from 2012 to 2021. Cases were stratified by age, and analyses included demographics, injury types, mechanisms, and emergency department dispositions. Comparative risk analyses were performed to assess differences between older and younger players.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>53,649 weighted cases (95% CI: 28518 -78,780) were recorded. Older players accounted for 83% of injuries, though the younger group experienced a higher annual rate of increase (older: 50.08%, younger: 69.93%). The most common injury mechanisms were slips, trips, falls, and dives (64.3%, 95% CI: 34.17%-94.42%), with older players three times more likely to sustain fractures (OR 2.96; 95% CI: 2.79-3.15) compared to younger players, and nearly three times as likely to be injured by a slip, fall, trip, or dive (OR 2.75; 95% CI: 2.63-2.88). Younger players were more likely to sustain strains or sprains (OR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.78-1.95) from 'otherspecified mechanisms' such as sudden stops and lunging (OR 2.13; 95% CI:2.03-2.23).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Distinct injury patterns between younger and older players suggest the need for age-specific prevention strategies. Older players face higher fracture risks, while younger players are more prone to strains and sprains from dynamic movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"435-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injuries in Argentinian football: an epidemiological study of six professional clubs of second-division during the 2022 season.","authors":"Agustin Carlos Baldjian, Matias Sampietro, Cristian Gays, Andres Brusco, Hernan Mohrenberger, German Gimenez, Rodrigo Menayed, Federico Villalba, Eduardo Tondelli, Ben Clarsen","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2568379","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2568379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe thepattern of injuries in the second division of men's professional football in Argentina.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive prospective multicentric study included 195players from six teams. The methods adhered to the football extension of theinternational olympic committee (IOC) consensus statement on injurysurveillance. A time-loss injury definition was used. Primary outcomes includedinjury incidence rates, types of common injuries and time loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Theoverall injury incidence rate was 3.67 injuries per 1000 hours(h) of footballexposure (95% CI: 2.6 - 4.6). In matches, the incidence rate was 26.42/1,000 h(95% CI: 21.55 to 32.08) and in training it was 1.91/1,000 h (95% CI:  1.54 to 2.33). The overall injury burden was84.10 days lost per 1000 h (95% CI 45.81; 122.4). The injury types with the highest time-lossburden were muscle injury (31.56 per 1000 h 95% CI 27.660; 35.630) and ligamentsprains (32.799 per 1000 h 95% CI 17.370; 51.080).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thisstudy is one of the first surveillance studies of professional men's footballin South America, demonstrating the feasibility of surveillance in the ArgentinianFootball Association (AFA), and providing valuable insights into theepidemiology of injuries in this region. The results highlight several notablefindings, including the relatively high rates of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries and training-related injuries, suggesting the presence of a distinctive injury pattern in AFA league compared to other regions worldwide,emphasizing the need for region-specific prevention and management strategies.These findings can inform future policies and practices aimed at reducinginjury rates and improving player health and team performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"456-465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pitch timer is not associated with increased upper extremity injuries in Major League Baseball pitchers, a 4-year analysis.","authors":"D Rupani, C B Poff, A Athiviraham","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2505399","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2505399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to (1) assess whether the Pitch Timer was associated with the incidence of upper extremity injury (UEI) in Major League Baseball (MLB) Pitchers and (2) assess the association between UEI and Pitcher 'Tempo' between 2021 and 2024 in the MLB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective review of all MLB Pitchers who pitched in at least three out of four seasons between 2021 and 2024. Players were assessed for time spent on the injury list (IL) due to shoulder and/or forearm/elbow-associated pathology. With the Pitch Timer starting in the 2023 season, the incidence of UEI was calculated in pre- and post-Timer cohorts. Games missed per injury were also assessed pre- and post-Timer. Average Pitching Tempo was assessed in pitchers with shoulder injuries, forearm/elbow injuries, and uninjured pitchers. Continuous variables were compared using two-tailed t-tests, and categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared test with a statistical significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in the incidence of shoulder injuries (<i>p</i> = 0.94) or forearm/elbow injuries (<i>p</i> = 0.24) in MLB pitchers between any year from 2021 to 2024. Pitchers who sustained shoulder injuries in 2023-2024 missed significantly more games per injury than pitchers who sustained shoulder injuries in 2021-2022 (<i>p</i> = 0.007). The same trend did not exist in the elbow (<i>p</i> = 0.57). Average Pitch Tempo was similar between pitchers with shoulder and forearm/elbow injuries versus uninjured pitchers (16.72-17.09 s, <i>p</i> = 0.14-0.20).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of UEI did not increase in MLB Pitchers following the implementation of the Pitch Timer prior to the 2023 MLB season. Following the introduction of the Pitch Timer in 2023, MLB Pitchers averaged significantly greater games missed per shoulder injury than previous seasons, suggesting there may be a link between the Pitch Timer and shoulder injury severity. Pitching Tempo was not associated with UEI.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"430-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of injury patterns among highly specialized athletes in individual, team, and repetitive motion team sports.","authors":"Daniel E McLoughlin, Soyang Kwon, Pranav M Bajaj, Linda Sandoval, Patrick F Murday, Jamie K Burgess, Cynthia R LaBella","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2580924","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2580924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Overuse injuries are more associated with highly specialized youth athletes in individual sports than those in team sports; however, as baseball, softball, and volleyball involve frequent repetitive motions, these repetitive motion team sports (RMTS) may see a greater proportion of overuse injuries than non-repetitive motion team sports (non-RMTS). The objective of the present study is to compare the distribution of injuries (overuse vs. acute) in RMTS to non-RMTS and individual sports among highly specialized youth athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review of 805 highly specialized athletes (aged 12.00-17.92 years) who presented with a sports-related injury between January 2015 and June 2022. The injury distribution (proportion of overuse vs. acute injuries) for each sport type group (Individual, RMTS, non-RMTS) was compared to each of the other two via chi-square, and linear regression was used to evaluate the relative odds of any given injury being overuse for sport type and various demographic and sports participation variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 805 patients, 487 (60.5%) were individual sport athletes, 83 (10.3%) were RMTS athletes, and 235 (29.2%) were non-RMTS athletes. The proportions of overuse injury were 67.1%, 57.5%, and 40.0% in the individual, RMTS, and non-RMTS groups, respectively. Overuse injury proportion was higher in RMTS than non-RMTS (<i>p</i> = 0.0105), though it was not significantly different between RMTS and individual sports (<i>p</i> = 0.098). Patients participating in individual sports (Odds Ratio = 2.93, 95% CI = 2.00-4.29) or RMTS (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.31-3.97) had greater odds of overuse injury relative to acute injury when compared to those in non-RMTS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among highly specialized youth athletes, individual sport and RMTS athletes had similar proportions of overuse injuries, and both had a higher proportion of overuse injuries than non-RMTS athletes. Preliminary evidence suggests that RMTS athletes may share some risk characteristics with individual sport athletes, which may help guide future research into injury patterns in this group to help better inform clinicians in counseling highly specialized youth athletes regarding overuse injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"475-485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}