Physician and Sportsmedicine最新文献

{"title":"Comparing peer relationship ratings among adolescents with sport and non-sport related concussions.","authors":"Hunter Iverson, Katherine Smulligan, Catherine Donahue, Joshua Kniss, Mathew Wingerson, Julie Wilson, David Howell","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2450216","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2450216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate if peer relationship ratings differ among adolescents who sustain a sport-related concussion compared to those who sustain a non-sport-related concussion.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional investigation of 123 adolescents who sustained a concussion within 21 days before their initial post-injury evaluation (mean = 9.2 ± 3.9 days post-concussion). Participants reported whether their injury occurred during organized sport participation (sport-related concussion group) or not (non-sport-related concussion group). Participants completed the PROMIS Global Pediatric 25 assessment, as well as the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) to rate concussion symptom severity and a background/demographic intake form during the evaluation. We compared PROMIS peer relationship ratings between groups using independent t-tests and evaluated the association between peer relationship ratings and sport-related concussion using multiple linear regression after adjusting for covariates including PROMIS anxiety rating, age, sex, concussion and musculoskeletal injury history, loss of consciousness at time of concussion, physical activity participation prior to study evaluation, and concussion symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most (<i>N</i> = 96, 78%) participants reported sustaining a concussion during sports. The group who sustained sport-related concussion reported significantly better post-concussion peer relationship ratings compared to the group who sustained a non-sport-related concussion (52.7 ± 7.7 vs. 47.7 ± 10.4; <i>p</i> = 0.009, Cohen's d = 0.60). After covariate adjustment, those who sustained a sport-related concussion had a significantly greater post-concussion peer relationship rating than those who sustained a non-sport-related concussion (β = 4.19, 95% CI = 0.39, 8.00; <i>p</i> = 0.03). Higher peer relationship ratings were also associated with lower anxiety ratings following concussion (β= -0.21, 95% CI= -0.38, -0.04; <i>p</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents who sustained a concussion during sports reported significantly greater post-concussion peer relationship ratings than those in non-sport settings. Better peer relationship ratings were associated with less anxiety in the post-injury period. These findings suggest the potential effects of contextual factors (e.g. peer support) to facilitate improved outcomes following adolescent concussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"249-255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing incidence of concussion and head injury due to electric biking: a 10-year sex- and age-specific analysis of national injury data.","authors":"Niklas H Koehne, Auston R Locke, Austin A Alley, Matthew D Ramey, Nikan K Namiri, Suraj Dhanjani, Avanish Yendluri, Brian R Waterman, Seth L Sherman, Robert L Parisien","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2440309","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2440309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Electric biking (e-biking) is a rapidly growing recreation, sport, and mode of transportation that often presents to emergency departments (EDs) with high-impact head injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of e-bike-related concussions and closed-head injuries (CHI) to inform more effective injury prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The National Electronic Injury Surveillance (NEISS) was queried for e-bike related concussions and CHIs presented to national EDs from 1 January 2013-31 December 2022. Patient demographics, diagnoses, and dispositions were recorded, and injury narratives were reviewed to identify mechanisms of injury and motor vehicle (MV) involvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11,052 nationally estimated (NE) e-bike head injuries presented to US EDs from 2013 to 2022. E-bike head injuries increased significantly from 2013 to 2022 (<i>p</i> = .006, β = 372.5), with 40.8% of all head injuries occurring in 2022. Nearly one-third of patients (31.0%) required hospital admission, with hospitalization occurring most frequently among ages 51 and older (44.5%). MV involvement accounted for 27.6% of head injuries, and caused a higher proportion of hospitalizations than mechanisms without MVs (35.6% vs. 29.4%, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.001). High school age riders had the most MV incidents (53.2%), while the middle school age group had the highest proportion of concussions (26.5%) among all age groups. Relative to females, males were more likely to be involved in an MV incident (28.5% vs. 15.5%; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and were more likely to be hospitalized (33.0% vs. 25.4%; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of concussions and CHIs due to e-bikes increased significantly from 2013 to 2022, while high proportions of hospitalization indicate serious injury severity and large medical costs associated with these injuries. The prevalence of crashes involving MVs, especially among teenagers, calls for further research on commuter and recreational e-bike use along with new traffic legislation to protect young e-bikers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"197-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of early sports specialization on landing and balance ability in female college basketball players.","authors":"Kana Kon, Yasuharu Nagano, Shogo Sasaki, Makoto Suzukawa","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2445497","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2445497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Early specialization in a single sport from childhood is associated with an increased risk for acute and overuse injuries. Conversely, experience in multiple sports may be associated with improved neuromuscular control and performance. Currently, early sports specialization remains poorly researched in Japan. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between early sports specialization and landing and balance ability in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-eight female college basketball players were included and divided into the early specialization and nonspecialization groups. Landing and balance ability was measured using the one-leg jump-landing test, and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) differences between the two groups were examined using unpaired <i>t</i>-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed no significant differences in SEBT between the two groups. In the one-leg jump-landing test, the vertical maximum ground reaction force and loading rate of the nondominant foot were significantly higher in the early specialization group than in the nonspecialization group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, in female college basketball players, early specialization may affect ground reaction forces and loading rate and may be a factor in developing acute and overuse injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"238-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent ischemic events in the setting of posterior circumflex humeral artery aneurysm in an athletic young adult: a case report with diagnostic pitfalls.","authors":"Aleksander Truszyński, Jędrzej Fischer, Marcin Rychter, Arkadiusz Kacała, Igor Hnat, Dariusz Janczak, Andrzej Szuba","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2488243","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2488243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) aneurysm is a rare condition, often affecting young professional overhead sports athletes, such as volleyball or baseball players. This condition is one of the manifestations of quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS). We present the case of a 20-year-old former basketball player and recreational swimmer, currently a member of the national team in precision flying, who developed recurrent symptoms of digital ischemia due to a PCHA aneurysm. Despite undergoing computed tomography (CT) imaging, the aneurysm was initially not identified, which delayed proper diagnosis. The patient ultimately underwent surgical treatment, leading to successful resolution of symptoms and return to physical activity. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges of PCHA aneurysm, especially in athletes presenting with unexplained digital ischemia, and emphasizes the need for awareness of this condition among sports medicine and vascular specialists.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"256-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143774750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosed concussion is associated with increased risk for upper extremity injury in community rugby players in males only.","authors":"Katherine J Hunzinger, Katelyn M Costantini, C Buz Swanik, Thomas A Buckley","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2445500","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2445500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To cross-sectionally determine 1) the association between lifetime diagnosed concussion and upper extremity musculoskeletal injury (UE-MSI) amongst a novel cohort of community rugby union players and 2) the sex-specific risk of UE-MSI given concussion history among these rugby players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,037 (31.0% female, 31.6 + 11.3 years) rugby players completed an online survey to determine lifetime history of diagnosed concussion (yes; no) and UE-MSI (yes; no). A chi-squared test of association was performed between concussion and any UE-MSI; odds ratio risk was also determined. Analyses were repeated by sex (male; female) and with specific UE-MSI (e.g. sprains, broken bones, dislocations).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant association between concussion and any UE-MSI for this cohort (χ(1) = 10.802, <i>p</i> = 0.001, OR = 1.70 [95%CI: 1.23-2.32]). There was a significant association between concussion and any UE-MSI among males for (χ(1) = 13.612, <i>p</i> < 0.001, OR = 2.20 [95%CI: 1.4-3.3]) but not among females (χ(1) = 0.735, <i>p</i> = 0.391, OR = 1.20 [95%CI: 0.8-2.0]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community rugby players with a history of diagnosed concussion are at 1.7× increased odds for history of any UE-MSI compared to rugby players who are concussion naïve; sex-specific analyses revealed only increased risk among males. Sports medicine professionals and rugby stakeholders should view concussions as a risk factor and utilize established injury prevention programs to help reduce future UE-MSI in athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"243-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scapular stabilization exercise on pain and functional recovery in people with shoulder impingement syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alecio Brasileiro, Camila Sousa, Ingara Schindler, Bruno Tanaca, Maycon Oliveira, Ramon Martins, Fabio Arcanjo, Mansueto Gomes Neto","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2470115","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2470115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of scapular stabilization exercise training on pain and functional recovery in people with shoulder impingement syndrome. Design: A systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO. We systematically searched different databases. A random-effects model was used to determine the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for pain and functional recovery. Heterogeneity among studies was examined using the I2 statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies (666 participants) were included in the analysis. Addition of scapular stabilization-based exercise training to general exercises reduce pain MD - 0.8 cm (95% CI, -1.07 to -0.4; I² = 0%) and improve the functional recovery and shoulder abduction range of motion MD -13.27 (95% CI, -16.85 to -9.69; I² = 5%) and MD 2.74 degrees (95% CI, 0.3 to 5.2; I² = 0%), respectively. However, the certainty of the evidence is low to very low. No significant differences in pain or functional recovery were found between participants in the scapular stabilization-based exercise training with the feedback group and those in the scapular stabilization-based exercise training without the feedback group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings are promising; however, higher quality RCT is needed to better establish the superiority of the rehabilitation programs that include scapular stabilization exercises.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"189-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stretch & exercise education improves pain levels in under-resourced collegiate club lacrosse players.","authors":"Steven P Gawrys, Holly Wilson, Alexander K Matthias, Andrew J Roush, David C VandeMerwe, Lawsen Parker, Evan G Starr, Westin J Wong, Ryan Enslow, Ben Wilde, Isain Zapata, Brent Pickett","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2443389","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2443389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Club sports are competitive, intercollegiate athletics that are not affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Club athletes may be at increased risk of injury compared to their NCAA counterparts due to limited resources, such as reduced access to strength and conditioning coaches and athletic trainers. Research has shown that injury-prevention education, as typically provided by coaches and trainers, can reduce injury rates and promote athlete compliance with safety practices.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This prospective cohort study investigates the impact of educational interventions on pain levels and injury rates in club collegiate men's lacrosse athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Investigators conducted an educational session on injury prevention, which included instruction on stretches and exercises. The treatment group included 66 athletes, while 46 athletes served as the control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pain levels significantly decreased by 1.549 (out of a self-reported scale of 10) (35.11%) (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). Although the average number of practices and games missed due to injury decreased by 0.579 in the treatment group compared to the control, this difference was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.5970).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Educational interventions focused on injury-prevention stretches and exercises appear to be effective in reducing pain among club athletes. While the reduction in missed practices and games was not statistically significant, these findings suggest that such educational programs may help mitigate injuries in under-resourced athletes. Further exploration of strategies to enhance these interventions and decrease injuries among club athletes is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"230-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted concussion assessment battery: sensitivity at the expense of specificity?","authors":"Caitlynn Slocum, Jody L Langdon, Barry A Munkasy, Benjamin Brewer, Jessie R Oldham, Vicky Graham, Thomas A Buckley","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2442901","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2442901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A multifaceted assessment battery is recommended for testing suspected concussed athletes; however, the individual tests have limitations and potentially may lead to false positive outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to psychometrically evaluate concussion assessment tools used for intercollegiate student-athletes, with a focus on the time interval between baseline and subsequent assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-two collegiate student-athletes matched between concussion (<i>N</i> = 46. F32/M14) and non-concussion (<i>N</i> = 46, 32F/14 M) completed the standard assessment of concussion, balance error scoring system, symptom questionnaire, and computerized neurocognitive tests at baseline and acutely (<48 h) following a concussion. Test outcomes were compared between time points with three approaches: 1) vs baseline, 2) reliable change scores (RCI), and 3) vs American College of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM). Concussion assessment sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, predictive values, and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated. A receiver operator characteristic compared area under the curve (AUC) for the overall battery as well as between academic years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sensitivity of the battery was high (78.3-95.7%), but specificity was low to moderate (6.5-52.2%) with comparison to the RCI typically performing best. The three approaches yielded AUC values between 0.51 and 0.63 which is below the discriminatory threshold (0.70) with comparison to RCI performing best. By academic year, Juniors was the only year in which the ROC exceeded the threshold (0.75). The number of tests failed did not improve any AUC values (0.51-0.69) to exceed the threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The outcomes of this study support the premise that concussion must be evaluated using a comprehensive clinical examination including a variety of assessments to evaluate each clinical domain. Clinicians need to recognize that the multifaceted assessment battery has high sensitivity, but the overall psychometrics do not exceed the threshold for group discrimination and caution must be used in their interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"220-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of an eye-tracking tool to discriminate between concussed and not concussed professional male rugby players: a cohort study.","authors":"James Brown, Gordon Ward Fuller, Warren McDonald, Karen Rasmussen, Thomas Sawczuk, Mark Gilthorpe, Ben Jones, Éanna Cian Falvey","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2442294","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2442294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Concussion is a common injury in rugby union ('rugby') and yet its diagnosis is reliant on clinical judgment. Oculomotor testing could provide an objective measure to assist with concussion diagnosis. NeuroFlex® evaluates oculomotor function using a virtual-reality headset. This study examined differences in NeuroFlex® performance in clinician-diagnosed concussed and not concussed elite male rugby players over three seasons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NeuroFlex® testing was completed alongside 140 head injury assessments (HIAs) in 122 players. The HIA is used for suspected concussion events. Of these 140 HIAs, 100 were eventually diagnosed as concussed, 38 were not concussed (2 were unclear) Eight of the 61 NeuroFlex® metrics were analysed as they were comparable at all time points. These eight metrics, from three oculomotor domains (vestibulo-ocular reflex, smooth pursuit and saccades), were tested for their ability to distinguish between concussed and not concussed players using mean difference / odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI's). General and generalised linear mixed models, accounting for baseline test performance, were used to determine any meaningful differences in concussed and not concussed players. The diagnostic accuracy of these differences was provided by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only one of the eight metrics (number of saccades, smooth pursuit domain) had clear differences in performance between concussed and not concussed players at the HIA during the match (odds ratio: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.54-0.98) and after 48 hours (0.74, 95%CI: 0.52-0.96). However, the direction of this difference was contrary to clinical expectations (concussed performed better than not concussed) and the AUC for this outcome was also poor (0.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NeuroFlex® was unable to distinguish between concussed and not concussed players in this elite male cohort. Future research could study other cohorts, later time points before return to play, and the tool's role in rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"212-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142856271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of anterior cruciate ligament tears on player efficiency ratings and salary in National Basketball Association over the past 20 years: a retrospective case control study.","authors":"William ElNemer, Zaid Elsabbagh, Miguel A Cartagena-Reyes, Gabriel Nazario-Ferrer, Sangjun Park, Jacob D Mikula, Amit Jain, Matthew J Best","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2441108","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2441108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) are at high risk for ACL tears which are detrimental to their career due to the months of rehabilitation. The authors hypothesize that after anterior crucial ligament (ACL) injury, older players will be less likely to return to the NBA, players that do return will have a lower performance efficiency rating (PER), and the decrease in PER will be associated with a lower salary.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study utilized the publicly available database maintained by the NBA, professional basketball players from 2002 to 2022 who suffered an ACL tear were identified. Controls, without ACL tears, were matched by age, BMI, position, race, and average minutes played before the injury date to uninjured controls. Return to NBA, pre-injury and post-return player efficiency ratings (PER), and salary change after injury were analyzed by multivariate analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 67 players suffered an ACL tear. Fifty-six (83.6%) players returned to the NBA at some point after their injury, while 11 (16.4%) did not. Multivariate logistic regression showed that older age and the presence of multi-ligament injury predicted retiring from the NBA (ß = 1.4 and 10.7). Older age and greater minutes played before surgery to be the only significant predictors of decreased PER after return to the NBA (ß = -0.5 and -0.2). Players with a multiyear contract and with improvements in PER after injury tended to have greater salary increases (ß = 6.5 and 0.7). All <i>p</i> < 0.05. PER in players with ACL tears decreased by about 3 points (13.1 to 9.9) compared to controls without ACL tears (13.2 to 12.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Older age and multiligament injuries are associated with retiring for the NBA; older and increased minutes played are associated with a decreased PER upon return; and, PER decreases are associated with decreased salary. Players with ACL tears, even when case-control matched, showed decreased PER upon return. These results can be attributed to age-related changes in athleticism and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"203-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}