Physician and Sportsmedicine最新文献

{"title":"The major league baseball pitch clock: one year position player injury analysis.","authors":"Troy Puga, Nicholas M Scigliano, McKenna W Box, John T Riehl","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2425592","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2425592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2023, Major League Baseball (MLB) implemented the pitch clock. The effects of the pitch clock on player injury rates is largely unknown, and some, including the major league baseball players association, have suggested that pitchers may be at an increased risk of injury with its implementation. Position players have received little attention in these discussions, even though they may be at the same theorized risk of injuries. The aim of this study is to determine if implementation of the 2023 MLB pitch clock influenced the incidence of injuries in position players. It is hypothesized that implementation of the MLB pitch clock will lead to a rise in injuries due to a reduction of time for the primary biological energy system used by baseball to restore to normal levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Injury data was collected from the fangraphs.com injury database, the most comprehensive MLB data and statistical database website, for the 2021, 2022, and 2023 MLB seasons. The incidence rate ratio was calculated and used to compare the injury rate for the 2023 season to the 2021 and 2022 seasons for both major anatomical categories and anatomical subcategories. A z-test for proportions was used to determine significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incidence rate ratio comparison of the 2023 MLB pitch clock season versus the 2021 MLB season showed a decrease in the total incidence of injuries (<i>p</i> < .001), lower extremity injuries (<i>p</i> < .001), and hamstring injuries (<i>p</i> = .032). Incidence rate ratio comparison of the 2023 MLB pitch clock season versus the 2022 MLB season showed a decrease in the total incidence of injuries (<i>p</i> = .010), undisclosed injuries (<i>p</i> < .001), and knee injuries (<i>p</i> = .035).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following the implementation of the pitch clock during the 2023 MLB season, the total number of injuries and several lower extremity injury categories decreased. Due to a decrease in the overall time spent on the field in a single game and over a season, it could be hypothesized that the pitch clock decreased the workload for position players, leading to this drop in injuries. Further longitudinal investigation must be done to investigate if this influence of the MLB pitch clock persists overtime.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"147-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender trends at the annual meetings of two major Japanese societies of sports medicine: a 17-year summary of annual meeting moderators and speakers.","authors":"Aguri Kamitani, Yuka Tsukahara, Katherine H Rizzone","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2477978","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2477978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess for gender disparity among invited moderators and speakers at two major sports medicine conferences in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The moderators and invited speakers of the Japanese Society of Clinical Sports Medicine (JSCSM) (2008-2023) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (JOSSM) (2007-2023) were categorized by gender. Gender was determined by searching the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare physician website and then confirmed using a Google search. Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the gender distribution. Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to evaluate changes in gender distribution over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the past 17 years, neither JSCSM or JOSSM had a woman moderator or speaker in Program Chair's lectures. Between 2018 and 2023, the number of women moderators (<i>n</i> = 59) at JSCSM conference was 1.41% of the total women members (<i>n</i> = 4177), which is significantly lower than 2.22% men moderators (<i>n</i> = 544) out of total men membership (<i>n</i> = 24397), (<i>p</i> < .001). Between 2007 and 2023, the number of women moderators (<i>n</i> = 28) at JOSSM was 1.82% of the total women members (<i>n</i> = 1536), which is significantly lower than 5.91% men who were moderators (<i>n</i> = 1809) out of the total membership of men (<i>n</i> = 30595), (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Since 2008, there was an 11.4% increase in women moderators at JSCSM conferences (1.9% in 2008 to 13.3% in 2023, p-value for trend < 0.001), with a more modest increase of 2.3% at JOSSM conferences (0% in 2007 to 2.3% in 2023, p-value for trend < 0.001). There were similar increases in women invited speakers for JSCSM (14.1% in 2008 to 16.9% in 2023, p-value for trend = 0.001) and for JOSSM (1.2% in 2007 to 3.7% in 2023, p-value for trend = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although both Japanese orthopedic sports medical societies showed increasing trends in the percentage of women in prominent speaking roles, women speakers and moderators are still rare at the Japanese sports conferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of menstrual cycle phase changes on error scores in sportive movements in female athletes.","authors":"Esma Arslan, Sabriye Ercan","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2477977","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2477977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There are complex relationships between hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle and various health and sports performance aspects. This study aimed to determine to what extent different menstrual cycle phases associated with a change in error scores in jumping and cutting movements, flexibility, and knee joint laxity values in female athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were evaluated in the menstruation and ovulation phases of the menstrual cycle. Blood tests were performed from venous blood drawn between 8:00 and 8:30 am, after 12 hours of fasting. LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone hormone tests were conducted once during the menstruation phase and once during the ovulation phase. Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), Cutting Movement Assessment Score (CMAS), flexibility, and laxity were taken on the participants. The t-test and the Wilcoxon test were applied to analyze continuous variables. The McNemar test was used to examine categorical variables. The study was completed with 22 female athletes aged 20.45 ± 0.54 years. Participants comprised volleyball (<i>n</i> = 14, 63.6%) and handball (<i>n</i> = 8, 36.4%) athletes. Mean height 167.82 ± 1.52 cm, body weight 56.11 ± 1.43 kg, BMI 19.88 ± 0.33 kg/m², menarche age 12,95 ± 1,21 menstruation duration 5,77 ± 0,75 (range: 4-7) days, menstrual cycle length was 29,32 ± 2,91 (range: 23-35) days, and the number of menstrual cycles in a year is 12,09 ± 0,25 (range: 10-15).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As a result of the study, estradiol, LH, progesterone, and both knees' laxity values showed a statistically significant increase in the ovulation phase (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between the phases in the flexibility test (<i>p</i> > 0.05). When the results of LESS and CMAS were examined, it was found that participants' total error scores and risk categories did not show a statistically significant difference between the phases (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LESS and CMAS analyses can be conducted and evaluated in both phases of the menstrual cycle, as it has been observed that the analyses yielded similar results in both phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem gambling among elite ice hockey players in Sweden - elevated prevalence among male, but not female athletes.","authors":"Anders Håkansson, Mitchell J Andersson, Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson, Göran Kenttä","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2473874","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2473874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>An emerging body of research reveals a heightened risk of gambling problems among elite athletes, particularly among males, but these studies often suffer from small sample sizes and lack diverse representation across sports and groups. This study aimed to investigate gambling problems and their correlates among elite male and female ice hockey players in Sweden's top leagues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During the labor union's on-site visits to Swedish ice hockey clubs in the top two tiers for males and the top tier for females, a web-based survey was conducted. Players were screened for gambling problems using the Problem Gambling Severity Index, and for depression, anxiety, and hazardous drinking using other standardized instruments. Estimated study participation was 75-80%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among male athletes, 12% met the criteria for moderate-risk or problem gambling, while none of the females met this threshold. Approximately 24% of male and 2% of female participants reported any degree of at-risk gambling. In males, gambling problems were strongly associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms and with hazardous alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gambling problems are 3-4 times more prevalent among elite male ice hockey players compared to young men in the general population. The authors discuss the associated mental health consequences, vulnerability to match-fixing-related fraud, and the need for preventive measures and easy access to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between physical features and patellofemoral-pain in young female gymnasts.","authors":"Nili Steinberg, Liav Elbaz, Shelly Bar-Sela, Smadar Peleg, Alon Eliakim, Dan Nemet, Gali Dar","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2472741","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2472741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is prevalent in high impact athletes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence of PFP and examine relationships between physical attributes and PFP in gymnasts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collection included the screening of 274 female gymnasts (aged <i>M</i> = 11.8 ± 1.9 years) from three disciplines - rhythmic, acrobatic, and artistic gymnastics. The participants completed Tanner's pubertal stage questionnaire and reported their date of birth and menarche status. They were then assessed for anthropometric measures, bone density, muscle strength, joint range of motion (ROM), hypermobility, and were physically examined for PFP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 21.5% of the gymnasts had PFP, with a significantly higher prevalence among artistic gymnasts (33.3%) compared to acrobatic gymnasts (11.7%) (<i>p</i> = .008). No significant differences were seen in the age, menarche status, and pubertal stages of gymnasts with and without PFP (<i>p</i> > .05). H/week of training during the current year differed significantly between gymnasts with and without PFP by discipline (PFP X discipline interaction) (F_{(2, 267)} = 3.647, <i>p</i> = 0.027). Logistic regressions showed that decreased tibial bone density (OR = 0.996), increased en-pointe ROM (OR = 1.061), and reduced muscle-strength (knee extensors [OR = 0.003] and hip abductors [OR = 0.001]) were significantly associated with PFP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high prevalence of PFP was seen, especially among artistic gymnasts. Decreased bone density, increased ankle ROM, and decreased knee and hip muscle strength were associated with PFP in young gymnasts. These findings suggest modifying risk factors, such as strength and loads, during the training of young female gymnasts. Moreover, physical features and other factors that may be related to PFP should be screened from a young age. Developing and implementing training programs and injury-prevention exercises is important to decrease loads and strains to the knees, while reducing the chance of knee pain or injuries in young female gymnasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concussion knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors: a comparison study of youth athletes and their parents.","authors":"Summer D Ott, Sukhnandan K Cheema, Holden Axel, Seema S Aggarwal, Natalie R Parks, Nikhil Gattu, Philip Schatz","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2470608","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2025.2470608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Given the rising participation in high school athletics and the concerning trend of underreporting concussions, this study aims to identify and compare factors influencing sports-related concussion (SRC) awareness and reporting among youth athletes to their parents.'</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Surveys were completed by 239 student-athletes (ages 13-19) and their parents, using a modified Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey-Student Version (RoCKAS-ST) and demographic questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including paired sample t-tests, ANOVAs, and Spearman's correlations, compared knowledge and attitudes between groups and examined demographic influences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parents showed significantly higher concussion knowledge (CKI: t(230) = 5.18, <i>p</i> < .001) and safer attitudes (CAI: t(230) = 10.62, <i>p</i> < .001) than their children. Knowledge scores varied significantly by race and socioeconomic status, with White parents scoring higher than Hispanic and African American parents (F(3,224) = 8.97, <i>p</i> < .001). Child knowledge scores also differed by race (F(4,223) = 3.73, <i>p</i> = .006) and correlated positively with parental education (<i>r</i> = .22, <i>p</i> < .001). Notably, a history of concussion significantly increased child knowledge (t(229) = -2.99, <i>p</i> = .002) but did not affect parental knowledge or attitudes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight a critical gap in concussion knowledge and attitudes between parents and children, indicating the need for targeted educational interventions. While parents are generally more knowledgeable, variations based on race and socioeconomic status suggest disparities in access to concussion education. The study emphasizes the importance of involving both athletes and parents in educational initiatives to foster a comprehensive understanding of SRCs. Recommendations include developing culturally and socioeconomically tailored programs to enhance reporting behaviors and improve concussion management practices among young athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high incidence of serious life-threatening cardiovascular medical encounters during a marathon (2014-2019) calls for prevention strategies: SAFER XL.","authors":"Darren Green, Nicola Sewry, Wayne Derman, Jannelene Killops, Pieter Henk Boer, Esmè Jordaan, Martin Schwellnus","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2399495","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2399495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and nature (severity and type by organ system and specific diagnosis) of all medical encounters (MEs), including serious/life-threatening MEs (SLMEs) during a South African road marathon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive study was a retrospective analysis of data collected over 6 years at the Cape Town Marathon from 2014 to 2019, which included 40 446 starters. All MEs were collected and described as per the consensus statement for mass community-based sporting events. Incidences (I; per 1000 starters; 95% CI) are described for all MEs, SLMEs, and by organ system and specific diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of all MEs was 8.7 (95% CI: 7.8-9.6) per 1000 starters. The largest contributor to all MEs, by organ system affected, was cardiovascular-related, with an incidence of 1.8 (95% CI: 1.4-2.2), where exercise-associated postural hypotension was the most common specific diagnosis (I = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.7). The incidence of all SLMEs was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.7-1.4) making up 11.7% (41/350) of all MEs. The incidence of SLMEs by organ system was highest in the cardiovascular system (I = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.7), with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (I = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1-0.4) the most common specific diagnosis. There were no sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) nor sudden cardiac arrests (SCA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a high proportion of cardiovascular-related medical encounters, as well as SLMEs. We recommend that event organizers and race medical directors investigate prevention strategies to mitigate against risk of SLMEs, specifically acute cardiovascular SLMEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degenerative changes of the wrist in mixed martial arts and boxing based on the three column theory.","authors":"Erik Schiffner, Falk Hilsmann, Felix Lakomek, Christoph Beyersdorf, Joachim Windolf, David Latz","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2351357","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2351357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a relatively young combat sport. In contrast to classic boxing, MMA combines techniques of grappling and striking. However, characteristic long-term effects of MMA on the wrist are discussed controversially. Aim of this study was to elucidate characteristic degenerative changes of the wrist from MMA fighters in comparison to classic boxers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, eleven professional MMA fighters and ten professional boxers with chronic wrist pain were examined and compared. Age, weight, number of fights and weekly hours of training were recorded. Wrist and hand of each fighter were examined using a 3T-MR scanner. Degenerations of the radial, central and ulnar column were analyzed according to Navarro's three-column theory and degenerative changes were categorized based on the classification of Fredericson.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference of age, weight and number of fights between MMA fighters and boxers (<i>p</i> > 0.15). However, MMA fighters practiced significantly more hours per week (19.5 (MMA) vs. 8.5 (boxing) hours/week, <i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant associations were found between different training times per Week in terms of degenerative changes of the wrist in MMA and boxing based on the three column theory. The comparison of degenerative changes in the columns between MMA and boxing showed no significant differences. The MRI showed a significantly higher degeneration in the radial column compared to the central column among MMA fighters for ligaments (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and bones (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to different fighting techniques, different physical traumas, including falls, pattern of degenerations of the wrist between MMA fighters and boxers are different. MMA fighters suffer of a highly degenerative radial column and boxers suffer of a homogeneous degeneration of all three columns.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illness is more prevalent than injury in trail runners participating in a mountainous ultra trail race.","authors":"Patience M Matshepo Boshielo, Audrey Jansen van Rensburg, Carel Viljoen, Tanita Botha, Christina E Elizabeth de Villiers, Dimakatso Ramagole, Limbikani Seyani, Dina C Christa Janse van Rensburg","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2367401","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2367401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Trail running is a popular off-road sport involving running in natural environments over various terrains, often in remote locations. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of injuries and illnesses, i.e. medical encounters, on race day among trail runners in a high-altitude ultra trail race.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study on an ultra trail race (38 km, 65 km and 100 km) in South Africa, included participants 18 years or older. Of the 331 race participants, 285(86.1%) consented to participate in the study. Data collection included demographic details, injuries (body region, specific body area, tissue type, pathology) and illnesses (organ system, symptom cluster, etiology). Risk factor analysis includes sex, age, weight, height, race distance, illness and injury history, training and running experience. Frequency (n, %), prevalence (%) and odds ratios (OR; 95%CI) are reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-nine (31.2%) individuals reported 131 medical encounters [49 injuries (37.4%); 82 illnesses (62.6%)]. Injuries were sustained by 14.7% of athletes, and 22.5% reported illnesses. For injuries, the lower limb was mainly involved (<i>n</i> = 41; 83.7%). Most injuries affected the foot (<i>n</i> = 18; 36.7%), ankle (<i>n</i> = 10; 20.4%) and knee (<i>n</i> = 7; 14.3%). Tissue types mainly involved skin (<i>n</i> = 21; 42.8%), ligament (<i>n</i> = 7; 14.3%) and muscle (<i>n</i> = 7; 14.3%). Multiple (<i>n</i> = 45; 54.9%) and gastrointestinal (<i>n</i> = 17; 20.7%) organ systems were mainly involved in illnesses. Only 100 km runners reported dehydration (<i>n</i> = 28; 31.5%), and one in every six of these runners (<i>n</i> = 5; 17.9%) did not finish. Runners reporting fatigue (<i>n</i> = 21; 23.6%) had a high (<i>n</i> = 8; 38.1%) did not finish rate. Two in every five participants (<i>n</i> = 36; 40.4%) with a medical encounter, did not finish. No medical encounter-associated risk factors were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Illnesses were more common than injuries during the mountainous ultra trail race. Sustaining a medical encounter increased the chance of not completing the race. Further research on the epidemiology of race day medical encounters in trail running is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper extremity orthopedic softball injuries presenting to the emergency department: epidemiology across the lifespan.","authors":"David F Painter, Benjamin J Ahn, Rory A Byrne, James H Dove, Kieran J Wallace, Rishubh Jain, Brett D Owens","doi":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2411574","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00913847.2024.2411574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Softball is a popular lifetime sport due to its inclusion of both fastpitch and slowpitch varieties, although associated injuries are common.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare softball injury rates across patient sex, age, race, injury location, mechanism, and activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for all upper extremity softball injuries in patients 10-85+ years old presenting to United States emergency departments between 2012 and 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly more of the 178,303 total weighted upper extremity injuries occurred in female (68.1%) than male (31.9%) athletes (<i>p</i> < .001). Male patients (mean 34.9 ± 13.6 years) were older than female patients (17.4 ± 8.4; <i>p</i> = .019). The average incidence rate of UE injuries from 2012-2021 was 187.9 per 100,000 persons, with a significant decrease in injury incidence across the timespan (<i>p</i> < .001). The lowest annual injury incidence (74.7 per 100,000 persons) occurred in 2020. In patients 10-18 years old, female patients accounted for 95.1% of all injuries, whereas male patients accounted for 72.1% of all injuries in patients aged ≥23. Compared to male patients, females more frequently experienced hand (<i>p</i> < .001), lower arm (<i>p</i> = .007), shoulder (<i>p</i> < .001), and wrist (<i>p</i> < .001) injuries in patients 10-18 years old, finger (<i>p</i> < .001), upper arm (<i>p</i> = .016), and wrist (<i>p</i> < .001) injuries in patients 19-22, and finger injuries (<i>p</i> < .001) in patients aged 23 +. Across all ages, the greatest proportion of injuries were treated and released (<i>p</i> < .001). Most injuries occurred while fielding (41.8%) and due to player-ball contact (36.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Softball injury ED presentations declined across a decade, including a precipitous drop and rebound effect due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Across the lifespan, upper extremity injuries progressively shifted from female-predominant in younger athletes to male-predominant in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":51268,"journal":{"name":"Physician and Sportsmedicine","volume":" ","pages":"72-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}