Korean Journal of Orthodontics最新文献

{"title":"Micro-computed tomography evaluation of aligner fitting on anchorage attachments.","authors":"İlter Burak Köse, Eyüp Burak Küçük, Meral Arslan Malkoç","doi":"10.4041/kjod25.170","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod25.170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the fit of clear aligners (CAs) manufactured from different materials and thicknesses to anchorage attachments using micro-computed tomography-based (Micro-CT) three-dimensional and two-dimensional analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty CAs fabricated from different thicknesses and materials (0.50 mm CA-Soft, 0.625 mm CA-Medium, 0.75 mm CA-Hard polyethylene terephthalate glycol [PET-G], and 0.75 mm CA PRO-Hard ABA) were fitted onto a master model with rectangular attachments on the first and second premolars. Micro-CT scans were obtained to assess the air gap between the aligner and attachment. Total air-gap volume was calculated using three-dimensional volumetric analysis, while mean gap width was measured in predefined two-dimensional sections. Adjusted mean differences were interpreted using a practical relevance threshold of 20 μm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CA PRO-Hard showed the lowest mean three-dimensional air-gap volume, but differences among groups were not statistically significant (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Two-dimensional analysis revealed localized differences in aligner-attachment adaptation. The most pronounced and practically relevant differences were detected in the palatal and gingival sections (<i>P</i> < 0.001), where PET-G groups showed greater gap widths than CA PRO-Hard and exceeded the 20 μm threshold. In the sagittomedian section, mean differences also exceeded 20 μm, but confidence intervals indicated cautious interpretation. No statistically significant or practically relevant differences were observed in the transversomedian (<i>P</i> = 0.054), buccal, frontomedian, mesial, or occlusal sections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Micro-CT enabled detailed assessment of CA fit. Although volumetric analysis showed no significant material-related differences, section-based analysis demonstrated localized adaptation differences, particularly in palatal, gingival, and sagittomedian regions. CA PRO-Hard showed superior fit in these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"56 4","pages":"316-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13408650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148609814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"READER'S FORUM.","authors":"Eun-Hack Choi","doi":"10.4041/kjod56.0004RF","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod56.0004RF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"56 4","pages":"253-256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13408647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148609871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of acetaminophen in comparison with ibuprofen for pain control in orthodontic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Nycole Mariana Neves, Ádelin Olívia Lopes Joly Rodrigues, Giuliana Martina Bordin, Ingrid Gomes Perez Occhi-Alexandre, Juliana Schaia Rocha Orsi, Marilisa Carneiro Leão Gabardo, Francielle Topolski","doi":"10.4041/kjod25.273","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod25.273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effectiveness of acetaminophen and ibuprofen for pain control in orthodontic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the PICO strategy, studies were included without restrictions on publication date or language. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Virtual Health Library (VHL)/Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched, along with gray literature, up to July 2025. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. A meta-analysis was conducted using R software. Subgroup and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were conducted for moderate or high heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,139 studies identified, 13 were included. The ages of the participants ranged from 9 to 30 years. Most studies (n = 7) were double-blinded. Tooth movement was induced by fixed appliances or separators, and two studies had a high risk of bias. Pain control with the two medications showed no significant differences at rest at 24 and 48 hours or during chewing at 6, 24, and 48 hours (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Heterogeneity was low, except for pain during chewing at 24 hours (I² = 68.7%; τ² = 1.24; <i>P</i> = 0.022): for this outcome, the \"before\" subgroup showed no heterogeneity, while the \"before/after\" subgroup showed high heterogeneity (I² = 84.3%; τ² = 3.38; <i>P</i> = 0.012). The leave-one-out analysis did not change the combined effect but indicated one study as a source of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pain control during orthodontic tooth movement did not differ between the two medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"187-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aligners do shed microplastics: Evidence is clear, clinical risk is not.","authors":"Sung-Hoon Lim","doi":"10.4041/kjod56.3E","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod56.3E","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"56 3","pages":"183-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention of orthodontic aligners with different gingival margin designs on three-dimensionally printed models representing varying degrees of marginal tissue recession.","authors":"Natália Angela Bortoli, Guilherme Picolli Bernd, Hélio Radke Bittencourt, Ana Maria Spohr, João Batista Blessmann Weber","doi":"10.4041/kjod25.269","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod25.269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the influence of three gingival margin aligner designs and varying degrees of marginal tissue recession on aligner retention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine models were obtained for each marginal tissue recession Class (Classes I, II, III, and IV). Control models had no anatomical alterations. For each model, three aligners of each gingival margin design were fabricated (scalloped, scalloped extended, and straight). The aligners were placed on the models, and a hook was positioned in the buccal region at the level of the mandibular first molars. Pull-off tests were performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min, and the maximum dislodgement force (N) was recorded. Each aligner was removed 10 times, and the average value was obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the two-way ANOVA, the main effects of the gingival margin design factor (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and tissue recession factor (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were significant. However, the interaction term was not statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.105). According to Tukey's test, scalloped extended (52.3 N) and straight (47.9 N) margins demonstrated significantly greater retention than scalloped margin (33.1 N) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The Class IV model (82.2 N) resulted in significantly greater retention (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The Class III model (54.4 N) exhibited the second highest retention value, which was significantly different from the other models. There was no significant difference in retention among Class I (25.6 N), Class II (33.2 N), and control (26.8 N).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Aligner retention increased with increasing severity of marginal tissue recession. Aligners with scalloped margins provided less retention than those with scalloped-extended and straight margins.</p>","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":" ","pages":"200-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"READER'S FORUM.","authors":"Pravin Bhattarai, Rajesh Gyawali, Jamal Giri, Avinash Chaudhary","doi":"10.4041/kjod56.0003RF","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod56.0003RF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"56 3","pages":"181-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Senior orthodontic treatment: A comprehensive analysis of patient motivation, distribution, and treatment outcomes.","authors":"Jinsuk Lee, Jung-Yul Cha, Hyung Seog Yu, Ji-Hyun Lee, Kyung-Ho Kim, Chooryung Judi Chung","doi":"10.4041/kjod26.002","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod26.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of senior orthodontic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cohort consisted of consecutive senior patients (age ≥ 60 years, n = 146) who visited the orthodontic clinic of a university hospital between 2020 and 2025. Host factors, treatment or referral motives, path of visit, orthodontic diagnosis and treatment acceptance rates, oral health status, severity of malocclusion, and treatment outcomes were evaluated using medical records and the modified discrepancy index (DI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher proportion of females (65.1%) than males (34.9%) was observed. The primary treatment motives were improvement of anterior crowding or spacing (65.0%), followed by intrusion of supraerupted molars (9.6%) and space management for edentulous or hopeless sites (8.2%). Direct visits and referrals from other specialties accounted for 24.7% and 75.3% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of retaining 20 or more natural teeth was 94.9%. The orthodontic treatment acceptance rate was 70.9%, peaking at 84.6% among seniors who directly visited the orthodontic clinic for anterior alignment. Orthodontic treatment primarily focused on the anterior segment (83.6%), with a significant decrease in DI (<i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Seniors who visited the orthodontic clinic were predominantly females in their 60s with a high retention rate of natural teeth. Orthodontic consultations were driven not only by esthetic needs for anterior alignment, but also by recommended referrals as part of interdisciplinary care. The orthodontic treatment acceptance rate was higher when orthodontic goals aligned with the patient's intrinsic motivation for anterior alignment or edentulous space management. Orthodontic treatment in senior patients led to significant improvements in malocclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"56 3","pages":"221-230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-CT evaluation of aligner fit and thickness in 3D-printed and thermoformed aligners: Differences in relation to inner-surface offset design and tooth regions.","authors":"Ho-Jin Kim, Hyo-Sang Park","doi":"10.4041/kjod25.310","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod25.310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the adaptation and thickness of three-dimensional (3D)-printed and thermoformed aligners, comparing differences in relation to fabrication methods, inner-surface offset, and tooth region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty maxillary aligners were fabricated: 3D-printed aligners (0.5 mm) with no offset (n = 10) or a 0.05-mm offset (n = 10) and thermoformed aligners from 0.75-mm sheets (n = 10). All aligners were fitted onto a dental model and scanned using micro-computed tomography. Gap distance and thickness were measured at five anterior and seven posterior tooth regions. Thickness ratios after fabrication were calculated. Group and tooth-region differences were analyzed using oneway analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test, or Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The no-offset 3D-printed aligners showed larger gaps (0.07-0.15 mm) than the 0.05-mm offset and thermoformed aligners (0.05-0.09 mm). Thickness was greater in 3D-printed aligners (0.68-1.08 mm) than in thermoformed aligners (0.47-0.70 mm). Thickness ratios exceeded 100% in 3D-printed aligners, particularly at the cervical and central fossa regions, whereas thermoformed aligners showed thinning (< 100%), most notably at the labio/buccocervical areas. In comparisons based on tooth region, no-offset 3D-printed aligners showed greater gaps at the buccal, buccocervical, central fossa, and palatal cusp tip regions (<i>P</i> < 0.001), whereas the 0.05-mm offset group exhibited no significant differences. Thermoformed aligners showed larger gaps at the palatocervical, palatal, and palatal cusp tip regions of posterior teeth (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 0.05-mm offset in 3D-printed aligners produced gap values comparable to those obtained with thermoformed aligners and showed consistent adaptation over tooth regions. 3D-printed aligners tended to show greater thickness than their virtual design, whereas thermoformed aligners showed reduced thickness.</p>","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"56 3","pages":"231-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN): Can large language models match the performance of orthodontists?","authors":"Arda Arısan, Celal Genҫ, Gökhan Serhat Duran","doi":"10.4041/kjod25.320","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod25.320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The assessment of orthodontic treatment needs often involves subjective judgment, particularly when using esthetic indices such as the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). This cross-sectional diagnostic agreement study evaluated whether large language models (LLMs) could provide consistent and reliable IOTN-AC scores comparable to those assigned by expert orthodontists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three experienced orthodontists (with 8-15 years of clinical experience) independently scored 147 standardized frontal intraoral photographs using the IOTN-AC at two time points (Time 1 and Time 2). Five LLMs (GPT-4.0, GPT-o3, Claude, Manus, and Grok) were used to evaluate the dataset. Agreement and reliability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Pearson and Spearman correlation values, mean absolute error (MAE), and match analyses (exact, near, and group matches).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The orthodontists showed moderate inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.649; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.563-0.742). Among the LLMs, GPT-4.0 showed the highest agreement with expert scores (ICC = 0.771; 95% CI, 0.697-0.855), followed by GPT-o3 (ICC = 0.663). GPT-4.0 also yielded the strongest correlation (r = 0.773; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and the lowest MAE (1.09). In the match analyses, GPT-4.0 achieved the highest exact match (28.6%), near-match (47.6%), and group match (66.0%) rates. The remaining models showed lower performance across all metrics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multimodal LLMs, particularly GPT-4.0, demonstrated substantial agreement with expert orthodontists in IOTN-AC scoring. These findings suggest that LLMs may serve as adjunct tools in assessments for orthodontic treatment needs. However, clinical decision-making should continue to rely on expert judgment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"56 3","pages":"207-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypodontia in the Korean orthodontic population: Prevalence and characteristics of a nationwide multicenter study.","authors":"Sung-Hun Kim, Yong-Il Kim, Seong-Sik Kim, Soo-Byung Park, Dong-Soon Choi, Ho-Jin Kim, Kyung-A Kim, Mo-Hyeon Lee, Sung-Hwan Choi, Sung-Kwon Choi, Kyung-Min Clara Lee, Young-Mi Jeon, Seorin Jeong, Youn-Kyung Choi","doi":"10.4041/kjod25.369","DOIUrl":"10.4041/kjod25.369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of hypodontia among orthodontic patients in university dental hospitals in Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 15,422 patients who visited the Departments of Orthodontics at 10 university dental hospitals in Korea between 2021 and 2023 were enrolled as the study cohort. Among these, patients with one or more congenitally missing permanent teeth (excluding third molars) were identified using panoramic radiographs and diagnostic records. The prevalence of hypodontia, number and location of missing teeth, associated dental anomalies, skeletal malocclusion patterns, and treatment methods were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of hypodontia was 11.9% (n = 1,835). Younger patients (< 16 years) showed a slightly higher proportion of hypodontia (13.2%) than older patients (11.0%). Most cases involved the absence of one or two teeth (68.7%), while oligodontia occurred in 10.6% of cases. Bilateral cases were more prevalent (56.6%), with 80.8% exhibiting symmetrical patterns. Mandibular second premolars were the most frequently affected (20.7%), followed by maxillary second premolars (14.7%) and lateral incisors (12.0%). Among patients with hypodontia, 37.8% had other dental anomalies, such as impacted teeth and microdontia. A Class I skeletal pattern was the most common overall (40.4%), but a Class III relationship was predominant in patients with oligodontia (42.6%). The most frequent treatments were orthodontic space closure (39.9%), observation (29.5%), and space opening for prosthetic restoration (27.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hypodontia is relatively common among Korean orthodontic patients, especially in younger patients. Accurate diagnosis and individualized, multidisciplinary treatment plans are essential for effective long-term care.</p>","PeriodicalId":51260,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Orthodontics","volume":"56 3","pages":"243-252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148037339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}