Language and Speech最新文献_第2页

The Attractiveness of Average Speech Rhythms: Revisiting the Average Effect From a Crosslinguistic Perspective. 平均语音节奏的吸引力：从跨语言学角度重新审视平均效应

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231217689

Constantijn Kaland, Marc Swerts

{"title":"The Attractiveness of Average Speech Rhythms: Revisiting the Average Effect From a Crosslinguistic Perspective.","authors":"Constantijn Kaland, Marc Swerts","doi":"10.1177/00238309231217689","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231217689","url":null,"abstract":"The current study investigates the average effect: the tendency for humans to appreciate an averaged (face, bird, wristwatch, car, and so on) over an individual instance. The effect holds across cultures, despite varying conceptualizations of attractiveness. While much research has been conducted on the average effect in visual perception, much less is known about the extent to which this effect applies to language and speech. This study investigates the attractiveness of average speech rhythms in Dutch and Mandarin Chinese, two typologically different languages. This was tested in a series of perception experiments in either language in which native listeners chose the most attractive one from a pair of acoustically manipulated rhythms. For each language, two experiments were carried out to control for the potential influence of the acoustic manipulation on the average effect. The results confirm the average effect in both languages, and they do not exclude individual variation in the listeners' perception of attractiveness. The outcomes provide a new crosslinguistic perspective and give rise to alternative explanations to the average effect.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"1054-1074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139059056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phonetic Effects of Tonal Crowding in Persian Polar Questions. 波斯语极地问题中音调拥挤的语音效应

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231213580

Vahid Sadeghi

{"title":"Phonetic Effects of Tonal Crowding in Persian Polar Questions.","authors":"Vahid Sadeghi","doi":"10.1177/00238309231213580","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231213580","url":null,"abstract":"Persian polar questions are characterized by a rise-fall followed by a low F0 plateau and a final rise. A production experiment was designed which systematically manipulated question length and the position of stress in the nuclear accented word in the question. Results revealed that distances between tones can strongly affect their scaling and alignment in predictable manner. With respect to scaling, our data show that the postnuclear low F0 target is realized considerably higher in short questions in which tonal crowding is more acute. This scaling adjustment of the L affects the following H tone, such that the final H is realized higher in tonal space, relative to the other crowding contexts. The results for duration show that in short questions, syllable duration is significantly lengthened so that there is room for tonal targets to be realized. In addition, the alignment data in this study suggest that crowding contexts incrementally affect the temporal adjustment of tonal targets. In some circumstances, tonal crowding results in anticipatory retraction of tones, while in others it results in carry-over tonal displacement depending on the direction of the prosodic pressure. These results can best be explained in an auto-segmental approach to intonational phonology in which intonation contours are treated as strings of distinct high and low tones associated with specific elements in the segmental string.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"1020-1053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139059055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Asymmetries in Infants' Vowel Perception: Changes in Vowel Discrimination in German Learning 6- and 9-Month-Old Infants. 婴儿元音感知的不对称性：6 个月和 9 个月大婴儿学习德语时元音辨别的变化。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241228237

Antonia Götz, Anna Krasotkina, Gudrun Schwarzer, Barbara Höhle

{"title":"Asymmetries in Infants' Vowel Perception: Changes in Vowel Discrimination in German Learning 6- and 9-Month-Old Infants.","authors":"Antonia Götz, Anna Krasotkina, Gudrun Schwarzer, Barbara Höhle","doi":"10.1177/00238309241228237","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309241228237","url":null,"abstract":"Infants' speech perception is characterized by substantial changes during the first year of life that attune the processing mechanisms to the specific properties of the ambient language. This paper focuses on these developmental changes in vowel perception. More specifically, the emergence and potential cause of perceptual asymmetries in vowel perception are investigated by an experimental study on German 6- and 9-month-olds' discrimination of a vowel contrast that is not phonemic in German. Results show discrimination without any asymmetry in the 6-month-olds but an asymmetrical pattern with better performance when the vowel changes from the less focal to the more focal vowel than vice versa by the 9-month-olds. The results concerning the asymmetries are compatible with the Natural Referent Framework as well as with the Native Language Magnet model. Our results foster two main conclusions. First, bi-directional testing must be mandatory when testing vowel perception. Second, when testing non-native vowel perception, the relation of the stimuli to the native language vowel system has to be considered very carefully as this system impacts the perception of non-native vowels.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"1135-1149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Front Is High and Back Is Low: Sound-Space Iconicity in Finnish. 前高后低：芬兰语中的声音-空间象征性。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231214176

Lari Vainio, Markku Kilpeläinen, Alexandra Wikström, Martti Vainio

{"title":"Front Is High and Back Is Low: Sound-Space Iconicity in Finnish.","authors":"Lari Vainio, Markku Kilpeläinen, Alexandra Wikström, Martti Vainio","doi":"10.1177/00238309231214176","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231214176","url":null,"abstract":"Previous investigations have shown various interactions between spatial concepts and speech sounds. For instance, the front-high vowel [i] is associated with the concept of forward, and the back-high vowel [o] is associated with the concept of backward. Three experiments investigated whether the concepts of forward/front and backward/back are associated with high- and low-pitched vocalizations, respectively, in Finnish. In Experiments 1 and 2, the participants associated the high-pitched vocalization with the forward-directed movement and the low-pitched vocalizations with the backward-directed movement. In Experiment 3, the same effect was observed in relation to the concepts of front of and back of. We propose that these observations present a novel sound-space symbolism phenomenon in which spatial concepts of forward/front and backward/back are iconically associated with high- and low-pitched speech sounds. This observation is discussed in relation to the grounding of semantic knowledge of these spatial concepts in the movements of articulators such as relative front/back-directed movements of the tongue.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"1001-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138489079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Learnability Advantage of Segmental Repetitions in Word Learning. 分段重复在单词学习中的学习优势

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231223909

Johanna Basnak, Mitsuhiko Ota

{"title":"Learnability Advantage of Segmental Repetitions in Word Learning.","authors":"Johanna Basnak, Mitsuhiko Ota","doi":"10.1177/00238309231223909","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231223909","url":null,"abstract":"To date, research on wordform learning biases has mostly focused on language-dependent factors, such as the phonotactics and neighborhood density of the language(s) known by the learner. Domain-general biases, by contrast, have received little attention. In this study, we focus on one such bias-an advantage for string-internal repetitions-and examine its effects on wordform learning. Importantly, we consider whether any type of segmental repetition is equally beneficial for word recall, or whether learning is favored more or only by repeated consonants, in line with previous research indicating that consonants play a larger role than vowels in lexical processing. In Experiment 1, adult English speakers learned artificial consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel words containing either a repeated consonant (e.g., /sesu/, \"c-rep\"), a repeated vowel (e.g., /sepe/, \"v-rep\"), or dissimilar consonants and vowels (e.g., /sepu/, \"no-rep\"). Recall results showed no advantage for v-reps but higher accuracy for c-reps compared with no-reps. In Experiment 2, participants performed a label preference task with the same stimuli. The results showed dispreference for both c-reps and v-reps relative to no-reps, indicating that the results of Experiment 1 are independent of wordlikeness effects. These outcomes reveal that there is a form-learning bias for words with identical consonants but not for words with identical vowels, suggesting that a domain-general advantage for repetitions within strings is modulated by a language-specific processing bias for consonants.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"1093-1120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139681902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lexical Stress Identification in Cochlear Implant-Simulated Speech by Non-Native Listeners. 非母语听者在人工耳蜗模拟语音中的词性重音识别。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231222207

Marita K Everhardt, Anastasios Sarampalis, Matt Coler, Deniz Bașkent, Wander Lowie

{"title":"Lexical Stress Identification in Cochlear Implant-Simulated Speech by Non-Native Listeners.","authors":"Marita K Everhardt, Anastasios Sarampalis, Matt Coler, Deniz Bașkent, Wander Lowie","doi":"10.1177/00238309231222207","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231222207","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates whether a presumed difference in the perceptibility of cues to lexical stress in spectro-temporally degraded simulated cochlear implant (CI) speech affects how listeners weight these cues during a lexical stress identification task, specifically in their non-native language. Previous research suggests that in English, listeners predominantly rely on a reduction in vowel quality as a cue to lexical stress. In Dutch, changes in the fundamental frequency (F0) contour seem to have a greater functional weight than the vowel quality contrast. Generally, non-native listeners use the cue-weighting strategies from their native language in the non-native language. Moreover, few studies have suggested that these cues to lexical stress are differently perceptible in spectro-temporally degraded electric hearing, as CI users appear to make more effective use of changes in vowel quality than of changes in the F0 contour as cues to linguistic phenomena. In this study, native Dutch learners of English identified stressed syllables in CI-simulated and non-CI-simulated Dutch and English words that contained changes in the F0 contour and vowel quality as cues to lexical stress. The results indicate that neither the cue-weighting strategies in the native language nor in the non-native language are influenced by the perceptibility of cues in the spectro-temporally degraded speech signal. These results are in contrast to our expectations based on previous research and support the idea that cue weighting is a flexible and transferable process.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"1075-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Processing of English Coda Laterals in L2 Listeners: An Eye-Tracking Study. 二语听力者对英语尾语的加工：眼动追踪研究。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231203899

Yizhou Wang

{"title":"Processing of English Coda Laterals in L2 Listeners: An Eye-Tracking Study.","authors":"Yizhou Wang","doi":"10.1177/00238309231203899","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231203899","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores speech processing of English coda laterals (dark L's) in second language (L2) listeners whose native language does not permit laterals at syllable coda positions. We tested L2 listeners' (native Mandarin) perception of coda laterals following three Australian English vowels differing in phonological backness, including /iː/, /ʉː/, and /oː/, which represent a front vowel, and central vowel, and a back vowel, respectively. L2 listeners first completed an AX task which tested their ability to discriminate between /iː/-/iːl/, /ʉː/-/ʉːl/, and /oː/-/oːl/, and then they completed an identification task with eye-tracking which tested their ability to distinguish vowel-lateral sequences and bare vowel categories using explicit phonological-orthographical labels. The results show that vowel backness plays a key role in L2 listeners' perceptual accuracy of English coda laterals, whereas the eye-tracking and identification data suggest some paradigmatic differences between the two tasks. Mandarin listeners show excellent discrimination and identification of coda laterals following a front vowel and poor performance following a back vowel, whereas the central vowel has led to intermediate patterns.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"909-923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66784587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relating Tabooness to Humor and Arousal Ratings in American English: What the F*** Is so Funny? 将美国英语中的 "禁忌"（Tabooness）与 "幽默"（Humor）和 "兴奋度"（Arousal Ratings）联系起来：有什么好笑的？

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1177/00238309241228863

Meredith A Shafto, Lise Abrams, Lori E James, Pengbo Hu, Genevieve Gray

{"title":"Relating Tabooness to Humor and Arousal Ratings in American English: What the F*** Is so Funny?","authors":"Meredith A Shafto, Lise Abrams, Lori E James, Pengbo Hu, Genevieve Gray","doi":"10.1177/00238309241228863","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309241228863","url":null,"abstract":"Emotion can have a profound effect on language processing, and taboo words have been increasingly used in research as highly emotional, negatively valenced stimuli. However, because taboo words as a lexical category are socially constructed and semantically idiosyncratic, they may also have complex emotional characteristics. This complexity may not be fully considered by researchers using taboo words as research stimuli. This study gathered tabooness, humor, and arousal ratings to provide a resource for researchers to better understand the sources and characteristics of the strong emotions generated by taboo words. A total of 411 participants aged 18-83 were recruited via online platforms, and all participants rated the same 264 words on tabooness, humor, and arousal. Analyses indicated that tabooness and humor ratings were positively related to each other, and both were predicted by arousal ratings. The set of ratings included here provides a tool for researchers using taboo stimuli, and our findings highlight methodological considerations while broadening our understanding of the cognitive and linguistic nature of highly emotional language.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"1121-1134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Orkish Sound Evil? Perception of Fantasy Languages and Their Phonetic and Phonological Characteristics. 奥克语听起来邪恶吗?幻想语言的感知及其语音和音系特征。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231202944

Christine Mooshammer, Dominique Bobeck, Henrik Hornecker, Kierán Meinhardt, Olga Olina, Marie Christin Walch, Qiang Xia

{"title":"Does Orkish Sound Evil? Perception of Fantasy Languages and Their Phonetic and Phonological Characteristics.","authors":"Christine Mooshammer, Dominique Bobeck, Henrik Hornecker, Kierán Meinhardt, Olga Olina, Marie Christin Walch, Qiang Xia","doi":"10.1177/00238309231202944","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231202944","url":null,"abstract":"Constructed languages, frequently invented to support world-building in fantasy and science fiction genres, are often intended to sound similar to the characteristics of the people who speak them. The aims of this study are (1) to investigate whether some fictional languages, such as Orkish whose speakers are portrayed as villainous, are rated more negatively by listeners than, for example, the Elvish languages, even when they are all produced without emotional involvement in the voice; and (2) to investigate whether the rating results can be related to the sound structure of the languages under investigation. An online rating experiment with three 7-point semantic differential scales was conducted, in which three sentences from each of 12 fictional languages (Neo-Orkish, Quenya, Sindarin, Khuzdul, Adûnaic, Klingon, Vulcan, Atlantean, Dothraki, Na'vi, Kesh, ʕuiʕuid) were rated, spoken by a female and a male speaker. The results from 129 participants indicate that Klingon and Dothraki do indeed sound more unpleasant, evil, and aggressive than the Elvish languages Sindarin and Quenya. Furthermore, this difference in rating is predicted by certain characteristics of the sound structure, such as the percentage of non-German sounds and the percentage of voicing. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to theories of language attitude.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"961-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138453047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

English Vowel Discrimination and Perceptual Assimilation by Japanese Listeners. 日语听者的英语元音辨别与感知同化。

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language and Speech Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/00238309231209311

Yasuaki Shinohara, Chao Han, Arild Hestvik

{"title":"English Vowel Discrimination and Perceptual Assimilation by Japanese Listeners.","authors":"Yasuaki Shinohara, Chao Han, Arild Hestvik","doi":"10.1177/00238309231209311","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00238309231209311","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether the discrimination accuracy of nonnative vowels could be predicted by how listeners assimilate nonnative phones into their L1. The results demonstrated that Japanese listeners discriminated between English /æ/ and /ʌ/ better than they did between /ɑ/ and /ʌ/, although they categorized all those stimuli as the Japanese /a/. Given that the acoustic distance between stimuli was controlled to be identical, this result was attributed not to the acoustic difference but to the category-goodness difference. The goodness-of-fit to the Japanese /a/ phoneme differed between the English /æ/ and /ʌ/ but not between the English /ɑ/ and /ʌ/, suggesting that it is more difficult to discriminate between vowels when the category-goodness difference between two nonnative stimuli is smaller. In addition, this study examined the relationship between perceptual assimilation and the focalization effect. Focalization affects directional asymmetry in a manner that renders detecting a sound change from a more-focal to a less-focal vowel more difficult than detecting a change in the opposite direction. The results demonstrated that this directional asymmetry is only observed when listeners assimilate two nonnative phones into a single L1 phonemic category, with no category-goodness difference between the two nonnative phones.","PeriodicalId":51255,"journal":{"name":"Language and Speech","volume":" ","pages":"945-960"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138300618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0