Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research最新文献

{"title":"Hearing Early Opens More Doors: Long-Term Effects of Age at Implantation on Metaphor Comprehension in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cochlear Implants.","authors":"Malin Dahlby-Skoog, Tamara Kalandadze, Eva Karltorp, Björn Lyxell, Ulrika Löfkvist","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00480","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>There is solid evidence that an early age at cochlear implantation, which reduces the period of auditory deprivation, positively impacts early spoken language development. However, there is an urgent need for more research to understand the long-term effects of early implantation on higher linguistic skills, such as metaphor comprehension. In this study, we explored metaphor comprehension in Swedish-speaking adolescents and young adults with cochlear implant (CI), compared to that of typically hearing peers, as well as its relationship with the age at first CI.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The participants consisted of 39 individuals who received CI before 30 months of age (<i>M</i>_age = 16.9 years, mean age at implant = 15.7 months) and a group of 27 individuals with typical hearing (<i>M</i>_age = 14.9 years). To assess metaphor comprehension, we developed a multiple-choice task that was administrated verbally. Standardized tests were used to evaluate vocabulary, reading skills, and nonverbal cognitive skills.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found in metaphor comprehension or other linguistic or cognitive skills between individuals with CI and the typically hearing peers. Further analysis indicated a moderate negative correlation between metaphor comprehension and age at implantation and other linguistic skills.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early-implanted children develop metaphor comprehension comparable to their typically hearing peers, with earlier age at implantation being associated with better metaphor comprehension in adolescence. However, age at implantation only partially explains the variation in metaphor comprehension abilities. Further research is needed to identify other factors that influence the development of metaphor comprehension in individuals with CI.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1105-1125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Listener Discrimination and Effort in Different Levels of Background Noise for Clear Speech Produced by Speakers With Parkinson Disease.","authors":"Kenneth V Morse, Anna Gravelin Coy","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00431","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of clear speech on listener discrimination and listener effort.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventeen normal-hearing young adults listened to recorded sentences spoken by individuals with Parkinson disease and hypokinetic dysarthria pre- and post-clear speech instruction. Sentences were presented in the background noise at four different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). We quantified listener discrimination by the number of correct words the participant repeated back and the SNR at which the participant achieved 50% correct word recognition (SNR-50). We quantified listener effort subjectively and with pupillometry. Mixed-model analyses of variance were used to determine the main effect of speech condition (habitual, clear), the main effect of dB SNR (+10, +5, 0, and -5), and the interaction between speech condition and dB SNR for (a) number of correct words, (b) subjective listening effort, and (c) mean pupil diameter. A paired-samples <i>t</i> test was used to determine the difference in SNR-50 between habitual and clear speech conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Better discrimination in the clear condition was indicated by significantly more correct words repeated back and a significantly lower SNR-50. Reduced listening effort in the clear condition was indicated by significantly lower subjectively reported listening effort and smaller mean pupil diameter. The greatest difference between the clear and habitual condition was at 0 dB SNR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clear speech instruction improved listener discrimination and reduced effort indicated by subjective, behavioral, and physiological measurements. The greatest improvement was seen in adverse listening conditions with background noise, but when the background noise was too loud to overcome, there was no benefit to hearing clear versus habitual speech.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1236-1249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Adaptations to Expiratory Musculature-Targeted Resistance Training: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults.","authors":"Rahul Krishnamurthy, Douglas H Schultz, Yingying Wang, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Steven M Barlow, Angela M Dietsch","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00294","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exercise-induced adaptations, including neuroplasticity, are well studied for physical exercise that targets skeletal muscles. However, little is known about the neuroplastic potential of targeted speech and swallowing exercises. The current study aimed to gather preliminary data on molecular and functional changes associated with the neuroplastic effects of 4-week expiratory musculature-targeted resistance training in healthy young adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Five healthy young adult men aged between 19 and 35 years, <i>M</i> (<i>SD</i>) = 28.8 (2.68) years, underwent 4 weeks of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST). We measured changes in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels at baseline and posttraining conditions. Furthermore, functional and structural magnetic resonance images were obtained to investigate the neuroplastic effects of EMST. We analyzed the effects of training using a linear mixed model for each outcome, with fixed effects for baseline and posttraining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MEP and serum BDNF levels significantly increased posttraining. However, this effect was not observed for IGF-1. A significant increase in functional activation in eight regions was also observed posttraining. However, we did not observe significant changes in the white matter microstructure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preliminary data from our study suggest targeted resistance training of expiratory muscles results in molecular and neuroplastic adaptations similar to exercise that targets skeletal muscles. Additionally, these results suggest that EMST could be a potential intervention to modulate (or prime) neurotrophic signaling pathways linked to functional strength gains and neuroplasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"987-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accentuation Affects the Planning Scope and Focus-Accentuation Consistency Modulates Sentence Production: Evidence From Eye Movements.","authors":"Zhenghua Zhang, Qingfang Zhang","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00445","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous studies have shown that the planning scope of sentence production is flexible and influenced by a range of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. However, one important aspect that remains underexplored is the role of prosody, a key component of language, in shaping the planning scope. While it has been established that both conceptual and grammatical information influence sentence production and conceptual information is closely linked with prosodic cues, it remains unclear whether and how prosody, particularly accentuation, affects the planning process. Additionally, there is limited understanding of how conceptual (focus) and prosodic (accentuation) information interact to influence sentence production. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether prosody (specifically, sentence accentuation) influences the planning scope and how the interaction between conceptual focus and prosodic accentuation jointly shapes sentence production.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Question-answer pairs were used to create focus, and a red dot was added in scenarios as a cue for accentuation. Participants were asked to complete a picture description task and accent the entity with a red dot. We manipulated the accentuation position (initial vs. medial) and focus-accentuation consistency (consistent vs. inconsistent).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Speech latencies with initial accentuation were shorter than with medial accentuation. Eye-tracking data indicated that speakers preferred to fixate on accented pictures before articulation in initial accentuation, whereas in medial accentuation, speakers first preferred to fixate on deaccented pictures before shifting to accented ones. Both speech and first fixation latencies on accented pictures were shorter in the consistent condition. In the initial accentuation, accented-deaccented advantage scores were higher in the consistent condition from scenario onset to speech onset, while in the medial accentuation, this difference emerged after 220 ms. In addition, a focus inconsistent with the accentuation position slightly increases the acoustic prominence of deaccented information.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accentuation positions affect planning scope, with a larger scope for medial accentuation. Additionally, the consistency between focus and accentuation influences sentence production, broadly affecting the processing of accented information and impacting external acoustic prominence. This influence on accented information processing occurs during the conceptualization and linguistic encoding phases, with processing starting more quickly and taking priority when focus and accentuation are consistent. This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of how various linguistic components interact to shape sentence production.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28306436.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"853-879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Perception in Noise and Cognitive Skills in Children With Varying Degrees of Music Training.","authors":"Kaylee Castleberry, Alexandra Amato, Carlos R Benítez-Barrera","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00370","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This registered report aimed to replicate previous findings showing that years of music training predicts speech-perception-in-noise (SPIN) skills in children. In addition, it aimed to investigate whether the musician SPIN advantage is influenced by cognitive factors such as general intelligence or working memory.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Following planned sample size estimations and analyses, 62 school-age children with varying degrees of music training participated in the study. Children's general intelligence quotients, working memory, and SPIN skills were assessed during one visit to our laboratory. We implemented hierarchical multiple regression analyses to examine the study aims.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our regression analyses indicated that years of instrument training did not significantly account for variance in SPIN skills. The explanatory power of our model was enhanced only when working memory, particularly auditory working memory, was included as a predictor. Auditory working memory was associated with both SPIN skills and years of instrument training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study was unable to replicate previous findings that linked years of instrument training to SPIN skills in childhood. This suggests caution regarding prior claims that music training can be used with children to optimize learning in noisy environments. However, we did find evidence that musicianship is associated with enhanced auditory working memory skills, which could have positive implications for children's lifelong outcomes.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28373786.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1333-1347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Talkers' Language, Metaphor, Theory of Mind, and Reading Skills at 9 Years of Age.","authors":"Camilla E Crawshaw, Carina Lüke, Ute Ritterfeld","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00703","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prior work has found that \"late talkers\" (LTs) as a group continue to demonstrate lower language and reading outcomes compared to their typically developing (TD) peers even into young adulthood. Others identified that children diagnosed with developmental language disorder (DLD) show difficulties later with theory of mind (ToM) tasks and metaphor comprehension, but there is a shortage of research specifically investigating these advanced skills in LTs. The current study therefore compared language-related skills of former LTs with their TD peers at school age.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A longitudinal sample (<i>N</i> = 35) of monolingual German-speaking children was observed from age 1 until 9, comprising TD children (<i>n</i> = 27) and children identified as LTs at age 2 (<i>n</i> = 8), of which two met criteria for DLD between ages 3 and 6. Children's language (productive vocabulary, productive and receptive grammar), reading, metaphor comprehension, and ToM skills (ToM scale and Strange Stories) were investigated, and group comparisons were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Former LTs performed worse than the TD children on measures of productive vocabulary, receptive grammar, metaphor comprehension, and the ToM Strange Stories task at the age of 9, but not on measures of productive grammar, reading, or the ToM scale.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate that LTs can catch up with their TD peers in some areas of language and ToM but that subtle differences remain across other complex areas. Further research is needed to pinpoint possible explanations for why certain skills are more strongly impacted and the potential developmental interactions between these competencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1038-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working Memory Deficits in School-Age Children With Cochlear Implants Are Primarily Explained by Deficits in the Processing of Auditory and Lexical Information.","authors":"Jacques Pesnot Lerousseau, Maude Denis, Stéphane Roman, Daniele Schön","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00291","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prelingual deaf children with cochlear implants show lower digit span test scores compared to normal-hearing peers, suggesting a working memory impairment. To pinpoint more precisely the subprocesses responsible for this impairment, we designed a sequence reproduction task with varying length (two to six stimuli), modality (auditory or visual), and compressibility (sequences with more or less regular patterns). Results on 22 school-age children with cochlear implants and 21 normal-hearing children revealed a deficit of children with cochlear implants only in the auditory modality. We observed no deficit in the visual modality and no deficit in the ability to detect and use regular patterns to improve memorization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the working memory deficit of children with cochlear implants is explained by an impairment in the processing, encoding, and/or storage of the auditory and lexical information, as opposed to a global storage deficit or an inability to use compressibility strategies to improve memorization.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28216088.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1225-1235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual Model and Content Validity of the Voice and Communication Situation Questionnaire Developed With and for Transgender and Gender-Diverse People Presumed Female at Birth.","authors":"Adrienne B Hancock, David Azul, Sindhu Chennupati, Nicole Sediqi, Jill Nyberg, Ulrika Nygren","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00203","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people and their communication wishes are diverse and heterogeneous, so it is important to understand the situation and goals of each person individually when they arrive for professional interventions. This article describes the development and content validation of the Voice and Communication Situation Questionnaire developed with and for TGD people presumed female at birth (VCSQ^PFAB).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Phase 1 included a transdisciplinary literature review and an initial draft of a questionnaire designed to collect self-reports of sociocultural positioning, voice and communication function, and well-being of TGD people presumed female at birth (PFAB). Phase 2 involved collection of information and feedback on the draft questionnaire via focus groups of 31 members of the PFAB community in Germany, Sweden, and the United States.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Revisions were based on the feedback from all focus groups and consensus within the research team. Feedback highlighted the need to develop a clear approach to introducing the questionnaire to respondents and to provide support during its completion so that self-ratings and descriptions capture the client perspective regarding categories built into the questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The final draft of the VCSQ^PFAB provides an adequate framework for a person-centered and culturally responsive approach to working with TGD people PFAB. The tool is now ready to be piloted in clinical settings and statistically analyzed for further psychometric properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"963-986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Pathophysiology of Phonotraumatic Vocal Hyperfunction Using Ambulatory Data and a Computational Model.","authors":"Jesús A Parra, Emiro J Ibarra, Carlos Calvache, Jarrad H Van Stan, Robert E Hillman, Matías Zañartu","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00419","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study uses a voice production model to estimate muscle activation levels and subglottal pressure (P_S) in patients with phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction (PVH), based on ambulatory measurements of sound pressure level (SPL) and spectral tilt (H₁-H₂). In addition, variations in these physiological parameters are evaluated with respect to different values of the Daily Phonotrauma Index (DPI).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study obtained ambulatory voice data from patients diagnosed with PVH and a matched control group. To infer physiological parameters, ambulatory data were mapped onto synthetic data generated by a physiologically relevant voice production model. Inverse mapping strategies involved selecting model simulations that represented ambulatory distributions using stochastic (random) sampling weighted by probability with which different vowels occur in English. A categorical approach assessed the relationship between different values of DPI and changes in estimated physiological parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed significant differences between the PVH and control groups in key parameters, including statistical moments of H₁-H₂, SPL, P_S, and muscle activity of lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) and cricothyroid (CT) muscles. Higher DPI values, reflecting more severe PVH, were associated with increased mean LCA activation and decreased LCA variability, along with decreased mean CT activation and increased median P_S. These findings highlight the relationship between muscle activation patterns, P_S, and the severity of vocal pathology as indicated by the DPI. It is hypothesized that a major driver of muscle activation and P_S changes is the variation in maladaptive adjustments (vocal effort) when compensating for the presence of vocal pathology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated that noninvasive ambulatory voice data could be used to drive a voice production modeling process, providing valuable insights into underlying physiological parameters associated with PVH. Future research will focus on refining the predictive power of the modeling process and exploring the implications of these findings in further delineating the etiology and pathophysiology of PVH, with the ultimate goal to develop improved methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PVH.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28352720.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"949-962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Priming for Sentence Production in Aphasia: What Does Oral Repetition Do?","authors":"Jiyeon Lee, Grace Man, Sharon Christ, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00216","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Structural priming-speakers' unconscious tendency to reuse previously encountered sentence structures (primes) in future production-facilitates access and learning of grammatical representations in persons with aphasia (PWAs). However, it remains unclear which components of structural priming tasks are essential to consistent and lasting effects, a discovery critical for cost-effective clinical translation of research. We examined the effects of orally repeating versus listening to primes on immediate and lasting sentence production in PWAs and controls.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a collaborative priming task, participants took turns with the experimenter, describing transitive and dative event pictures. One group of PWAs and controls listened to the experimenter's descriptions (primes) before they described their own picture, whereas the other group orally repeated their interlocutor's prime sentences before the target picture descriptions. In Experiment 1, the target picture description was elicited immediately after the prime (0-lag, immediate priming). In Experiment 2, two filler trials (2-lag) intervened between prime and target, examining longer term priming.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At both immediate and longer term priming, significant priming effects were observed in both groups, as indicated by increased productions of passives following passive versus active primes and increased productions of double-object dative sentences following double-object than prepositional object dative prime sentences. However, orally repeating prime sentences did not reliably and consistently enhance the magnitude of priming effects across lags and groups. Additionally, PWAs' repetition abilities did not result in higher degrees of priming effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that opportunities for processing syntactic representations that shared between prior (prime) and current (target) utterances is a rather essential ingredient for positive structural priming in PWAs, while repeating prime sentences is an optional ingredient that can be removed or modified.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28291949.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"1161-1174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}