Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)最新文献

{"title":"Exploration of IL-32 (rs45499297) gene variations in EBV and MS patients","authors":"Aya R. Abood, Hula Y. Fadhil","doi":"10.31351/vol33iss2pp170-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss2pp170-178","url":null,"abstract":"Interleukin-32 is a multifunctional cytokine linked to a variety of illnesses and inflammatory disorders, the central nervous system is affected by the chronic inflammatory disease known as multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies about found relationship between them are rare and inconclusive specially when MS patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive. Recently, IL-32 identified increase and considers proinflammatory following EBV infection. A case-control study (79 MS patients and 108 controls) for the purpose of investigating T/C genotype of (rs45499297) in all participant then identify their role in MS and EBV patients by Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. The results appeared that alleles and genotype (rs45499297) was no significant differences between MS patients and healthy controls, also between groups of expanded disability status scale in MS patients but with EBV infection was results appeared that allele C of( rs45499297) more effector in MS patients than controls. The mean of EBV load among multiple sclerosis patients according to sex, EDSS, and therapy line the results revealed that elevated viral load in male, EDSS ≥ 3.0 and in second line therapy compare to opposite groups. In conclusion, the study indicated the role of sex and MS activity in susceptibility to EBV reactivation. However, analysis of the IL-32 gene variants (rs45499297) may influence susceptibility to EBV along with MS associated with the allele C occurrence. \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":512190,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)","volume":"76 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Polymorphisms of Carnosine Synthase -1(ATPGD1) and Serum Carnosine Levels in Relation to Cardiovascular Diseases in Iraqi Type 2 Diabetics","authors":"Haneen Subhee Shaheed, Shatha H Ali","doi":"10.31351/vol33iss2pp179-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss2pp179-189","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder specified by persistent hyperglycemia that occurs when β-cell insulin production became unable to control blood glucose with deterioration of response for insulin. The consequent development of DM complications with increased risk for many diseases caused by damaged variety of biological systems, including blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, heart, and nerves. Carnosine is a natural dipeptide (β-alanyl-L-histidine) expressed in both the central nervous system and periphery, it occurs in several tissues most notably in muscle where they represent an appreciable fraction of the total water-soluble nitrogen-containing compounds. Carnosine is synthesized by a cytosolic amino acid ligase, carnosine synthase-1 (CARNS1; also known as ATP-grasp domain–containing protein 1, ATPGD1; EC 6.3.2.11).Several biological and physiological functions have been attributed to carnosine, such as being an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, antiglycating actions, and as a modulator of mitochondrial metabolism. Carnosine level in human serum is affected by several enzymes like carnosine synthase-1 (responsible of carnosine synthesis),thus any genetic polymorphisms in these enzymes could have an impact on enzymes levels and therefore serum carnosine level with consequent  increased risk for many diseases. \u0000This study was aimed to estimate the occurrence of Carnosine synthase -1 SNP (rs 1790733) on chromosom11 (intron –variant) in Iraqi type 2 diabetics  with and without cardio vascular diseases  and it’s correlation with serum levels of carnosine & carnosine synthase-1  and their  association with CVD as T2DM complication. \u0000  \u0000To achieve this aim Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) specific kits were used to estimate serum levels of carnosine & carnosine synthase-1. High resolution melt technique (HRM) was applied for detecting gene polymorphism of carnosine synthase-1 gene (ATPGD1). \u0000The results showed that gene polymorphism of SNP (rs1790733) increased the chance of CVD in T2DM patients by 84.5%   by its effect to decrease the mean of serum levels of carnosine by decreased carnosine synthase-1 level that may correlate to development of CVD in T2DM patients. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":512190,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)","volume":"139 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pterostilbene Effect on Inflammatory and Oxidation Markers in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Rats Model","authors":"Mohammed Ridha Jawad, Ghaith Ali Jasim","doi":"10.31351/vol33iss2pp14-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss2pp14-19","url":null,"abstract":"Pterostilbene is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, which is brought on by the induction of testosterone propionate. The objective of the current experiment was to assess the efficacy of pterostilbene treatment in comparison to finasteride and resveratrol by tracking various inflammatory and oxidative markers in a male rat with lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia. \u0000 The forty-eight male rats were divided into sex groups: the control group, which included eight rats given oil vehicle subcutaneously for 42 days; the induction group, which included eight rats given testosterone propionate(4mg/kg/day) subcutaneously daily dose for fourteen days; and the finasteride group, which included eight rats given finasteride 0.44 mg/kg orally for twenty-eight days after induction Benign prostatic hyperplasia , and the Pterostilbene group, which consisted of 8 rats, got Pterostilbene 200 mg/kg administered orally for 28 days after 14 day Benign prostatic hyperplasia induction, and the other group, which consisted of 8 rats, received Pterostilbene at a dose of 100 mg/kg Use oral gavage to provide 100 mg/kg for the same time period. While the Resveratrol group, which received 100 mg/kg of resveratrol orally. During the identical time frame after Benign prostatic hyperplasia Induction. \u0000 There were significant differences in the tissue levels of inflammatory markers and oxidative markers Tumor necrosis factor alpha and Glutathione-peroxidase & Malondialdehyde when comparing the pterostilbene 200 group to the induction group (P ≤0.05). \u0000Pterostilbene has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that help to lessen the growth of the benign prostatic hyperplasia that testosterone propionate causes. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":512190,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knockdown of α-Enolase (ENO1) to Suppress Glycolytic Pathway in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line (HepG2)","authors":"Shaymaa Hamed AL-Asady, Basma T. Al-sudani, B. A. Mshimesh","doi":"10.31351/vol33iss2pp156-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss2pp156-160","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma therapies which are potentially curative depend on early diagnosis, but unfortunately only 20% is the 5-year survival rate of liver cancer despite of various treatment methods which progress continuously. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with late stage disease despite established screening guidelines for patients at risk because of asymptomatic nature of this disease so finding effective treatments are imperative. Alpha-enolase has been noticed to be commonly over-expressed in tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma, it is one of the leading regulators of the Warburg effect, so plays an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor maintenance. In this study the cell line α-enolase short interference RNA was successfully constructed. In the α-enolase short interference RNA cell lines, messenger RNA and protein expression of α-enolase were lower than those in negative control and blank control groups. The pyruvate level was significantly inhibited, the proliferation ability was significantly suppressed. Our data provide strong evidence that α-enolase short interference RNA can efficiently suppress glycolysis pathway and thus the proliferation of Hep G2, which may provide a novel gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":512190,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)","volume":"184 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study the Effect of Olibanum (Boswellia Carterii) on Hyperuricemia in Rat’s Module","authors":"Khairullah Mohammed, Basim J. Hameed, Nadheerah Neamah","doi":"10.31351/vol33iss2pp161-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss2pp161-169","url":null,"abstract":"A current investigation aimed to assess the antihyperuricemic activity of the Boswellia Carterii plant and investigate the action of urate-lowering effect in a rat pattern of hyperuricemia generated by potassium-oxonate. Rats used in the research were randomized into five groups (n=6). The rats in the negative group, allopurinol group, olibanum 50 mg/kg group, and olibanum 100 mg/kg group received intraperitoneal injections of potassium oxonate (PO) twice a week at a dose of 250 mg/kg. The normal control group was supplied food and drink without any intervention. As a positive one control group, the olibanum 50 mg/kg group received daily oral administration of 50 mg/kg of olibanum powder dissolved in 0.5 L of distal water, and the positive two olibanum 100mg/kg group treated with 100mg/kg of olibanum powder dispersed in 0.5L of distal water orally each day. Allopurinol (5mg/kg) was administered orally to rats in the allopurinol group daily. Each group's animals were slaughtered, blood was taken, and serum was isolated for uric acid (UA) laboratory analysis and other biochemical parameters. Uric acid (UUA) and creatinine (UCr) in urine were also measured. The investigation results demonstrated a significantly substantial reduction in blood UA and modest inhibition of xanthine oxide (XOD) in rats with hyperuricemia that were given olibanum solution. Compared to the hyperuricemic control group, all groups showed non-significant variations in the kidney (Urea and CreaC) and liver (ALT, AlkP, and AST) functioning.","PeriodicalId":512190,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)","volume":"47 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Apelin, Chemerin and Omentin Levels with Oxidative Stress Markers in Non-Diabetic and Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"Hawzheen K. Othman, 2- Almas Mahmud, 3- Ismail Maulood","doi":"10.31351/vol33iss1pp104-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss1pp104-112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract  \u0000    Oxidative stress has a significant impact on the etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, associations of adipokines with oxidative stress biomarkers have yet to be investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the estimation of serum apelin, chemerin, and omentin levels in induced TIDM and their correlations with oxidative stress markers. The study included sixty male albino rats divided into two groups. The first group (n = 30) was diabetic (TIDM induced with an intraperitoneal injection of 40mg/kg STZ). The non-diabetic control group was the second (n: 30). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) test was used to quantify the serum levels of apelin, chemerin, omentin and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Furthermore, blood glucose, lipid profile triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) parameters were evaluated. Rats with induced TIDM had significantly higher serum levels of apelin, chemerin, omentin, malondialdehyde MDA, ADMA, and NO compared to non-diabetics. According to the coefficient of correlation analysis, the results revealed a positive association between apelin and LDL, ALT, and MDA and a negative correlation between apelin and AST: ALT.  In addition, no correlation was found between apelin and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, HDL, LDL: HDL TG, TG: HDL, VLDL, AST, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, NO, and ADMA. LDL, ALT, and MDA. Serum chemerin level correlated positively with LD: HDL and ADMA. Also, the plasma level of omentin showed a significant and positive correlation with both TG: HDL and MDA values. In conclusion, the results of this study introduced apelin and chemerin as potential biomarkers for the early detection of diabetes. Elevated serum apelin levels in induced T1DM could provide compensatory action for low insulin levels. While, apelin, chemerin and omentin’s positive correlations with MDA level suggest the potential roles of these adipokines in diabetes-induced complications caused by oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":512190,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Simvastatin on Thyroid Function in Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis Induced in Rats","authors":"Yaqeen Talib Mohammed, Nadia Hameed Mohameed, Inaam Samih Arif","doi":"10.31351/vol33iss1pp172-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss1pp172-179","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmune thyroiditis or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT): is the most common autoimmune thyroid disease. is characterized by marked lymphocytic infiltration and the presence of serum autoantibodies against Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and Thyroglobulin (TG). HT is a prevalent cause of hypothyroidism in areas of the world where dietary iodine is sufficient. Genetic predisposition and cellular and humoral immunity play a role in thyroid autoimmune pathogenesis. Antithyroid antibodies are produced by interaction between APC, T cells, and B cells to fix complement. Thyroid tissue is more severely damaged by complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. Statins, the powerful inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase have pleotropic effects including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In this current study, Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis was induced in twenty-four female Wistar rat. Simvastatin was given at a dose of 4mg/kg for 30 days. Thyroid autoantibodies and Thyroid hormones were measured by ELISA technique Results showed that Simvastatin reduced autoantibodies against TPO and TG. It also lowered serum level of TSH and increased serum level of T4. Due to the undesirable side effects associated with the current treatment options used in Autoimmune thyroiditis. Simvastatin might be a promising approach in the treatment of this disease.","PeriodicalId":512190,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)","volume":"51 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140795853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing and Evaluating a Novel Drug Delivery System, Calcium-Alginate Beads loaded with Valsartan","authors":"Salwa Saad, Haifaa Alali","doi":"10.31351/vol33iss1pp146-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss1pp146-153","url":null,"abstract":"Valsartan is one of the most common drugs used by chronic patients in the management of hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy. This present study was conducted with the aim of formulating a long-acting pharmaceutical form by preparing millimeter dimensions’ solid polymeric beads using the Ionotropic Gelation technique by using the polymer “Alginate Sodium” (SA), and Calcium Chloride CaCl2 as a cross-linking agent. Prepared valsartan beads succeeded in the possibility of decreasing dose administration and therefore, reduced immediate release side effects of conventional forms of Valsartan. Valsartan beads were studied using different concentrations of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Chloride to select the optimal formula and then were compared with locally marketed film-coated tables containing Valsartan. The formula (SA 3%, CaCl2 10%) was chosen after conducting several physiochemical tests such as shape and dimensions, swelling index, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and FTIR. FTIR test showed no chemical bonding between Valsartan and other excipients. Selected beads achieved a high percentage of swelling in phosphate buffer solution pH=6.8. Entrapment efficiency was also high at about 80%. Prepared beads followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas release mechanism, and eventually obtained extended-release beads which slowed drug release for 24h, Compared with the film-coated tablets, the in vitro  release of valsartan expired after only one hour.","PeriodicalId":512190,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)","volume":"39 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140771520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Docetaxel on Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 Expression in Freund’s Adjuvant Induced Arthritis","authors":"Omar Alghulami, G. A. Jasim, S. Y. Jasim","doi":"10.31351/vol33iss1pp163-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss1pp163-171","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the synovial joints. It lead to inflammatory changes occur in synovial tissue, cartilage, bone, and, less frequently, extra-articular structures. Docetaxel, is an anti-neoplastic drug. Methotrexate is a treatment for early-stage rheumatoid arthritis but have 30% failure in treatment within the first year due to resistance or side effects. Matrix metalloproteinase 1 is the proteinase primarily in charge of the irreversible degradation of cartilage, bone, and tendons in the joints, which are induced by cytokines. This study aims to evaluate the effects of docetaxel and methotrexate on Matrix metalloproteinase 1 in the structure of the induced arthritis joints. Methods: To induce the disease, complete Freund's adjuvant is injected subcutaneously into rats. From the 40 male Wister rats, five groups of eight were formed. The control group is composed of non-diseased rats. The second group is induced by complete Freund's adjuvant and 0.5 ml of normal saline was administered intraperitoneally to both the control and induction groups. After being induced by complete Freund's adjuvant, the third group is administered 1 mg/kg/ on alternate day of Docetaxel based on a preliminary experiment. The fourth group is induced and given 1 mg/kg/week of Methotrexate intraperitoneally. The fifth group receives a half dose of Methotrexate and Docetaxel simultaneously. Serum level of Anti Cyclical citrullinated Peptide Antibody, tissue homogenate level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, knee joint circumference and Immunohistochemical of Matrix metalloproteinase 1 measurements were applied. Results: Significant decreased in the Serum level of Anti-Cyclic citrullinated Peptide Antibody, tissue homogenate level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha & Knee joint circumference in the Docetaxel group. significant lowering in the expression of Matrix metalloproteinase 1 immunoreactivities in Docetaxel and Methotrexate groups with almost absent spots of positive reaction with the matrix of synovial tissue, hyaline cartilage & articular surface. Conclusion:  This study showed that Docetaxel may have anti-arthritic effect through their significant lowering expression of Matrix metalloproteinase 1 immunoreactivities. \u0000  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":512190,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Identification and Preliminary Pharmacological Evaluation of New Hydrazone and 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole Derivatives of Ketorolac","authors":"Aliaa. A. Ali, M. S. Farhan","doi":"10.31351/vol33iss1pp113-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss1pp113-122","url":null,"abstract":"New series of hydrazones (3a–b) and 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole S-alkylated derivatives (5a–b) of ketorolac (NSAID) were synthesized and their structures were identified by using ATR-FT-IR and ¹HNMR spectroscopic analytical techniques. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), and fungal species (Candida albicans). After the approval of the ethical committee in the college of pharmacy, University of Baghdad, In vivo screening for their anti-inflammatory activity was done using albino rats as an animal model that were subjected to white egg-induced acute inflammation. Results have shown that the target compounds were successfully synthesized, and it was discovered that they have mild to moderate activity against E.Coil and S.aureus while no effect has shown on C.albicans. In vivo studies showed they were effective in lowering paw edema thickness and had an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of the standard (ketorolac)","PeriodicalId":512190,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}