South African Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"The prevalence of anxiety in pregnant women at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital","authors":"Lisha Narayan, Corinne T. Johnson, C. Marsay","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2250","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-psychotic mental disorders are common during the perinatal period. In South Africa, there are few studies on antenatal anxiety and these results vary. Antenatal anxiety does not only add to the burden of perinatal co-morbidity but has subsequent immediate and long-term effects on the mother, birth outcomes and her offspring.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in pregnant women during the antenatal period and to determine associated factors.Setting: The study was conducted at an antenatal clinic located in Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), Soweto, Johannesburg. Data were collected from March to December 2022.Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study in which 200 pregnant women were interviewed. A biographical questionnaire and the generalised anxiety disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) were administered.Results: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic was 33%. Participants with anxiety were younger, employed and had lower perceived social support. Women with planned and wanted pregnancies had a lower prevalence of anxiety.Conclusion: One-third of the pregnant women screened positive for anxiety symptoms on the GAD-7. This is significantly higher compared to other studies carried out in the same facility previously. High-risk groups should be screened for anxiety.Contribution: This study prompts further studies and guiding policies on routine screening of pregnant women for anxiety and other mental illnesses during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lived experience narrative: My bipolar odyssey","authors":"Samukelisiwe J. Ngcobo","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2339","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A description of COVID-19 related delusional content in admissions to an acute psychiatric unit","authors":"Marc D. Stopford, Alexandra Maisto, Wendy Friedlander","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2275","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound global impact, affecting individuals, including those with mental illness, through early and widespread information dissemination. Although the neurobiological basis of delusions remains unclear, external stimuli and historical events are known to influence them. The pandemic provided a unique opportunity to explore this phenomenon.Aim: To determine the prevalence of COVID-19-related delusional content, among individuals presenting for treatment of psychosis during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate associated clinical and demographic factors.Setting: Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in-patient psychiatry department.Methods: Data were extracted retrospectively from adult psychiatric admissions spanning April to September 2020 on patients whose presenting complaints included delusions. Demographic factors, symptoms, psychiatric, medical and substance use history, and a documented Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnosis by the attending psychiatrist were collected.Results: The prevalence of COVID-19-related delusional content was 25.5%. Significant demographic association was observed with education level of Grade 12 and above (p = 0.000338). The odds of a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders were 2.72 times greater than mood and psychotic disorder due to another medical condition in those with COVID- 19-related delusional content (OR 2.19, 95% CI: [1.4-3.4]).Conclusion: The presence of COVID-19-related delusional content in patients admitted to hospital with psychosis provides further evidence of the role of external stimuli in the formation of delusions.Contribution: This study underscores the influence of socio-cultural factors on delusions and advocates for interventions and expanded research to address mental health outcomes. ","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and clinical correlates of depression among older adults with arthritis in Nigeria.","authors":"Yesiru A Kareem, Placidus N Ogualili, Kehinde A Alatishe, Ismail O Adesina, Fatima A Ali, Taiwo A Alatishe, Richard Uwakwe","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2264","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older adults have a high prevalence of chronic conditions like arthritis with morbidities, especially depression ranging up to 40% - 70%. Therefore, it is important to explore depression in older adults with arthritis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine if any demographic and clinical factors are associated with depression in older adults aged ≥ 60 years with arthritis attending a rheumatology clinic.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This is a cross-sectional study conducted over 6 months among 127 older adults on follow-up care in a university teaching hospital in the North-Eastern region of Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A clinical proforma with information about the type of arthritis, duration of illness, hospitalisation, use of medications, co-morbidity was utilised for the data collection. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), sociodemographic questionnaire and clinical proforma were administered. Data were analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 26.0 with the level of significance set as 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age (± standard deviation [s.d.]) was 66.6 (± 5.5) years, with males constituting 57.5%. The prevalence of depression was 57.8%. Osteoarthritis 30.2%, while 69.8% had rheumatoid arthritis. Sociodemographic factors associated with depression include age (<i>p</i> = 0.049), marital status (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and level of education (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Duration of illness (<i>p</i> = 0.02), hospitalisation (<i>p</i> = 0.03), and number of medications (<i>p</i> = 0.01) were clinical factors associated with depression score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of depression in older people with arthritis is high and was associated with females, the widowed, no formal education; and those with long duration of illness, those using multiple medications, and those with repeated hospitalisation.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This finding can enhance the suspicion index for depression to establish standard operating procedures, which will help to improve therapeutic practice for caring for the older adult age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11219545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver burden and its sociodemographic determinants in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia attending a psychiatric tertiary hospital in South Africa.","authors":"Chioma O Onyia, Julia S Lethole, Gbenga Olorunfemi, Nnabuike C Ngene","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2252","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic mental illnesses such as schizophrenia affect patients' functioning, making caregiving necessary although burdensome.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine caregiver burden and its sociodemographic determinants in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia attending a Psychiatric Outpatient Department (POD).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Tertiary hospital in Northern Pretoria, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study conducted over 3 months, 300 consecutive family caregivers who attended the POD were administered a 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22), which has a score of 0-88, with higher values indicating more burden. Their sociodemographic characteristics were ascertained. Linear and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants or predictors of total and severe burdens, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most caregivers were aged 46.0 ± 14 years, females (62%), parents (39%), of low-income status (93.7%), had secondary education (70%), resided with the patient (87%), and helped with all troublesome activities (95.3%). The median ZBI-22 score was 19.0 (interquartile range: 13.0-30.5). The determinants of both total and severe burdens were: caregiver age ≥ 50 years adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.55, confidence interval (CI): 1.49-4.36; residential area farther away from the hospital aOR: 1.76, CI: 1.3-2.99; increasing months of caregiving aOR: 1.0, CI: 1.001-1.009, <i>p</i> = 0.006; and not having another family member that needs care aOR: 0.43, CI: 0.24-0.78.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Having mental healthcare facilities close to residential areas and assisting caregivers aged ≥ 50 years who have multiple family members who need care may alleviate the burden.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Predicting total and severe caregiver burdens contemporaneously is effective for identifying potential burden interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11219544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of inpatient suicide on nurses at Weskoppies Hospital: A qualitative study","authors":"Nomthandazo Zola, Thandazile G. Mtetwa, Nadira Khamker","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2231","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Inpatient suicide is a serious adverse event in psychiatric wards. Suicide can cause severe trauma to both patients and health professionals, who may develop maladaptation with poor coping skills. Healthcare practitioners are the second victims and historically, this concept has been overlooked. The psychological effects and lack of support have not been sufficiently explored.Aim: The emotional well-being and clinical practice of nurses who experienced inpatient suicide at Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital was explored.Setting: Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital, South Africa.Methods: In this qualitative case study, 12 nurses who had lost a patient to inpatient suicide some time during their employment were purposefully selected. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews, which were audio recorded and transcribed. The data were thematically analysed.Results: Nurses were negatively affected by inpatient suicide resulting in a range of emotional and psychological effects, including fear, anger, sadness, flashbacks, guilt, and difficulty in coping. Clinical practice factors included being doubtful and extra vigilant. Although nurses received psychological support from the institution, they recommended in-service training with periodic reviews to prevent and manage inpatient suicide.Conclusion: Inpatient suicide is a serious adverse event, and mental health practitioners become second victims. These events do not only impact the psychological well-being of nurses but also influence the clinical practice. Mental health practitioners should receive adequate training and support in preventing and handling inpatient suicide.Contribution: This study provided insights into nurse’s perspectives on the effects of inpatient suicide and how they can be supported.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in Durban, South Africa","authors":"Manisharani Gangai, E. Karim, Saaeda Paruk","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2230","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are often delays in accessing care and diagnosing autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), with little data from Southern Africa on the clinical profile of affected children and adolescents.Aim: To describe the socio-demographic and clinical variables of children and adolescents with ASD attending psychiatric services at two state hospitals in eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.Setting: Two state hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.Methods: The retrospective chart review examined patient records for the period 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2021. Data were collated using a structured data questionnaire on birth and family history, current presentation, comorbid conditions, medications, and non-pharmacological interventions.Results: Of the 67 children and adolescents accessing care for ASD during the study period (including the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic lockdown period), most were males (89%), with a mean age standard deviation (s.d.) of 10.69 (s.d. 2.64) years. There was a delay between recognition of first symptoms and an ASD diagnosis of approximately three years. The most common reasons for referral were behavioural problems and speech delay, with 57 patients having delayed milestones (85%). Comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was reported in 55.2% (n = 37) of the patients and intellectual disability in 50.7% (n = 34), and the commonest comorbid medical condition was epilepsy (n = 20; 29.8%). All participants were on psychotropic medications, with 40 (59%) being on more than one agent.Conclusion: The delay in diagnosing ASD, high rates of comorbidity, and need for polypharmacy are concerning.Contribution: The study highlights the need for greater awareness of ASD in communities and health care workers to expedite diagnosis and facilitate prompt psychosocial support and rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Views held by South African primary health care nurses on caring for people living with mental illness","authors":"Nokukhanya Phungula, L. Robertson, Sumaya Mall","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2148","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary healthcare is the first point of entry into the healthcare system. Scaling up primary mental healthcare is recommended in South African mental health policy. However, there is a paucity of data exploring the views of primary healthcare nurses (PHCNs) with regards to caring for people living with mental illness (PLWMI) in South Africa.Aim: To explore the views of PHCNs around caring for PLWMI and task shifting.Setting: A community health centre in Gauteng province, South Africa.Methods: A qualitative study design using the framework approach was employed. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted among a convenient sample of PHCNs in a community health centre in Gauteng. Interviews were transcribed and data analysed thematically.Results: Eight PHCNs were interviewed in June 2022. Five themes emerged: (1) participants highlighted their current practice which excludes mental healthcare; (2) participants described feeling fearful of caring for PLWMI; (3) participants ascribed their lack of confidence in caring for PLWMI largely due to insufficient under- and post-graduate mental healthcare training. (4) task shifting was not welcome due to inadequate mental healthcare training and preexisting challenges in the healthcare system; and (5) recommendations to prioritise mental healthcare training prior to implementing task shifting were made.Conclusion: Primary healthcare nurses, although empathic towards PLWMI, expressed discomfort with caring for them. This is influenced by multiple factors, some of which may be addressed by improved training and support.Contribution: This study provides insight into how PHCNs feel about caring for PLWMI and task shifting.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term benzodiazepine prescriptions in community psychiatry clinics","authors":"Machipi A. Tau, Mohamed Y.H. Moosa, Fatima Y. Jeenah","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2181","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anecdotal evidence indicates that the prevalence of long-term benzodiazepine prescription is high and not in accordance with accepted prescribing guidelines.Aim: To determine the prevalence of long-term prescriptions of benzodiazepines and associations thereof in community psychiatry clinics.Setting: Of the 27 community psychiatry clinics, 5 were randomly selected.Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional record review of files of 126 adult patients was conducted, to obtain sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Descriptive statistics were presented as proportions and percentages. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine any associations between long-term benzodiazepines use and demographic and clinical variables. Regression analyses were performed to determine the significance of any such associations.Results: Approximately one out of every four patients were prescribed benzodiazepines. Most of the patients were males aged between 18 and 50 years, single and unemployed. The most common psychiatric diagnoses were bipolar disorders and psychotic disorders, and the majority had no comorbid medical illnesses or substance use. Ninety-three per cent of the patients were prescribed long-term (more than 180 days) benzodiazepines. There were no statistically significant associations between prescribing patterns and any sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (p  0.05).Conclusion: This study found that nearly all the benzodiazepine prescriptions were long-term (over 180 days) and no statistically significant associations between this practice and any sociodemographic and clinical characteristics could be established.Contribution: There is high prevalence rate of long-term benzodiazepine prescription in community psychiatry clinics, and as such clinical monitoring systems need to be established and enforced.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric nurses advocating for the human rights of mental health care users in Gauteng","authors":"N. Ntshingila, Annie Temane, M. Poggenpoel, Masodi E. Makhale","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v30i0.2233","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Psychiatric nurses play an important role in advocating for mental health care users such as advocating for the care, treatment and rehabilitation of mental health care users (MHCUs). Psychiatric nurses face various challenges while advocating for the human rights of MHCUs, particularly those unable to protect their rights because of the severity of their mental health conditions.Aim: This study aimed to explore and describe psychiatric nurses’ lived experiences in advocating for the human rights of MHCUs in the Gauteng province.Setting: The study was conducted within the primary healthcare (PHC) setting’s mental health services, Sedibeng District, Gauteng province.Methods: The study employed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design. Three phenomenological focus group interviews were conducted, and audio recorded to collect data. Data were analysed using Tesch’s method.Results: Three themes emerged: (1) advocating for human rights was a strong push and an exhausting plea for psychiatric nurses in their attempts to voice and protect MHCUs’ rights; (2) MHCUs and mental health services were discriminated against and excluded by various stakeholders; mental health awareness should be raised and (3) training needs to be conducted as a matter of urgency in order to destigmatise mental illness from government to societal level.Conclusion: Psychiatric nurses experienced feelings of disempowerment, frustration and helplessness in advocating for MHCUs’ human rights.Contribution: The study’s findings will contribute to the body of knowledge in clinical psychiatric mental health practice on advocating for the human rights of MHCUs. ","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}