South African Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Provision of HIV services to psychiatric inpatients in Botswana: Challenges and recommendations.","authors":"Maria A Qambayot,&nbsp;Sarita Naidoo","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v29i0.1990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v29i0.1990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high prevalence of HIV among psychiatric inpatients is well-documented, yet little is known about the provision of HIV services for these patients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This qualitative study aimed to explore and understand healthcare providers' challenges with providing HIV services to psychiatric inpatients.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study was conducted at the national psychiatric referral hospital in Botswana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors conducted in-depth interviews with 25 healthcare providers serving HIV-positive psychiatric inpatients. Data analysis was performed using a thematic analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Healthcare providers reported challenges with transporting patients to access off-site HIV services, longer waiting periods for antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, patient confidentiality, fragmented services for treatment of comorbidities, and a lack of patient data integration between the national psychiatric referral hospital and other facilities such as the Infectious Diseases Care Clinic (IDCC) at the nearby district hospital. Providers' recommendations for addressing these challenges included the establishment of an IDCC at the national psychiatric referral hospital, connecting the psychiatric facility to the patient data management system to ensure integration of patient data, and provision of HIV-related in-service training to nurses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychiatric healthcare providers advocated for on-site integration of care for psychiatric illness and HIV among inpatients to address the challenges of ART provision.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The findings suggest the need to improve the provision of HIV services in the psychiatric hospitals in order to ensure better outcomes for this often-overlooked population. These findings are useful in improving clinical practice for HIV in psychiatric settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"29 ","pages":"1990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9101245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illness-perception in adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A qualitative study.","authors":"Wanita Botha,&nbsp;Deborah van der Westhuizen","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v29i0.2015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v29i0.2015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience aspects of their lives in diverse ways. They often have more energy and creativity which are positive traits of ADHD, while their inability to control their actions in academic or social spheres may cause feelings of inadequacy.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore illness-perception, including emotional experiences, in adolescent ADHD.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Using convenience sampling, 12 adolescent participants, eight boys and four girls, diagnosed with ADHD, were included. Participants followed up at Weskoppies Tertiary Psychiatric Hospital's child-and-adolescent outpatient clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study used semi-structured question guides to conduct interviews that allowed participants to actively construct their knowledge of their disorder. Maintaining a phenomenological perspective, thematical analysis of data was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescents' perceptions of their ADHD could be placed into three categories. 'Negative self-perception in ADHD' represented adolescents' descriptions of 'inability' and 'lack of control' over their cognitive processes, behaviour, emotions, and restlessness. Adolescents perceived 'feeling judged by others', amplified self-stigmatisation and discrimination. This antagonistic environment caused conflict between their self-perception and others' perception of them, further intensifying feelings of 'not being normal'. The theme 'self-empowerment strategies', included controlling external stimuli, accepting support from others, and personalised learning strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents with ADHD struggle with cognitive, behavioural, and emotional control, and frequently experience stigmatisation and discrimination. They often learn to rely on self-taught coping strategies.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This research grants perspective to educators and clinicians on experiences of adolescents with ADHD, and identifies the need to address stigmatisation. It recognises the value of personalisation of coping methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"29 ","pages":"2015"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Table of Contents Vol 28 (2022)","authors":"Editorial Office","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.2036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.2036","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with patient readmission to a specialised psychiatric hospital in the Eastern Cape.","authors":"Razia Gaida, Chinedum Okafor, Lichelle Janse van Vuuren, Adlai S Davids","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1878","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospital readmissions increase healthcare system costs and can place additional strain on already sparse government funds and under-resourced hospitals. Few studies have investigated readmission of patients in mental health facilities in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to identify the factors associated with readmission of patients discharged from an acute psychiatric public hospital in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted at an acute psychiatric public hospital.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for all patients admitted and readmitted between January 2018 and December 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the pool of patient records analysed (<i>n</i> = 516), 93 (18.02%) were readmitted, of which the majority (75.27%) were male. The average age of patients readmitted was 27.24 ± 11.16 years, which was significantly younger than the total sample (<i>p</i> < 0.05; CI 1.095-7.105). Findings indicated that patients who completed lower levels of education, were unemployed and were diagnosed with substance (mono- or polysubstance) use disorder (<i>n</i> = 93; 100%), schizophrenia (<i>n</i> = 33; 35.48%), bipolar disorder (<i>n</i> = 9; 9.68%) or intellectual disability (<i>n</i> = 9; 9.68%) were more frequently readmitted, with the average length of stay varying widely between patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Younger patients and those living with more complex psychiatric conditions, particularly those who are substance abusers, were readmitted more frequently, indicating that these patients may require special consideration for management.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study revealed that patients living with complex psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were readmitted to hospital more frequently, indicating that management of these patients at the community level is challenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"1878"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42246776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A history of depression in patients attending a chronic pain management clinic in South Africa: A retrospective chart review","authors":"Joseph J. van Vreede, R. Parker, J. van Nugteren","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1673","url":null,"abstract":"Background Chronic pain and depression are closely related conditions, which commonly exist as comorbid disorders. Understanding the prevalence of depression in patients presenting with chronic pain is vital for effective pain management. Aim Our study aimed to establish the prevalence of a history of depression in patients presenting with chronic pain to a chronic pain management clinic at a tertiary academic hospital and to describe the characteristics of patients with both conditions. Setting Groote Schuur Hospital, Chronic Pain Management Clinic, Cape Town, South Africa. Method A retrospective review of 665 medical charts of consecutive patients accessing the clinic over a 7-year period was conducted. Baseline, patient-centred data were collected. Results Of the 665 charts, 623 were analysed. The median age of patients was 53 years. The prevalence of depression in patients presenting with chronic pain was 32%, three times higher than the national life-time prevalence in South Africa. The majority (77%) of patients with chronic pain and depression were female (p < 0.01). Overall, 51% of the patients assessed were unemployed with low levels of education. The majority of our study patients had received a tricyclic antidepressant at some time prior to presentation. Conclusion The high prevalence of a history of depression in patients presenting with chronic pain in our study, emphasises the importance of looking for and understanding the interrelation of the physiological, psychiatric, psychological and socio-economic factors that are common to both depression and chronic pain. Pain relief alone is insufficient to ensure optimal rehabilitation of these patients and integrating the management of their depression should improve patient outcomes and overall well-being.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78879664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early deviant behaviour as a dimension trait and endophenotype in schizophrenia","authors":"J. L. Roos, C. Kotzé","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1747","url":null,"abstract":"Background In psychiatry, there is still a lack of objective biological diagnostic measurements. It is important to investigate measurements or symptom dimensions that can inform diagnostic assessments and allow for a more personalised approach to patients. Aim To discuss how early deviant behaviour (EDB) may be seen as a possible continuous symptom dimension trait and endophenotype in schizophrenia. Methods Conducting a commentary review by highlighting some important findings from available literature. Results Findings regarding EDB in schizophrenia in a South African genetic sample point towards EDB as a progressive subtype of schizophrenia, with very early onset of illness (even prior to the psychotic symptomatology) and a genetic form of illness. Conclusion Valuable information can be gained by enquiring into EDB and viewing it as a continuous symptom dimension trait and endophenotype during the psychiatric diagnostic interview.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88178849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of high-dose antipsychotic prescription amongst outpatients with Schizophrenia in a Nigerian Hospital","authors":"Ihechiluru G. Anozie, B. James, J. Omoaregba, S. Oriji, P. Erohubie, Anthony C. Enebe","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1791","url":null,"abstract":"Background Treatment guidelines recommend the use of antipsychotic monotherapy at effective doses for the treatment of schizophrenia, although about a third of the sufferers still receive high-dose antipsychotic treatment. Current evidence suggests that high-dose antipsychotic prescription (HDAP) not only fails to improve outcomes but also increases side effects. Aim Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of HDAP and its association with illness severity, medication adherence behaviour and side effects amongst outpatients with schizophrenia. Setting The Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study of 320 attendees with schizophrenia at the outpatient department was undertaken. We administered a sociodemographic and antipsychotic medication questionnaire, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effects Rating Scales and Medication Adherence Rating Scales. High-dose antipsychotic prescription was determined by the ratio of prescribed daily dose to defined daily dose greater than 1.5. Results The prevalence of HDAP was 38.4%. Greater severity of illness, experiencing more side effects and poor medication adherence were significantly associated with HDAP.The major predictors of HDAP were antipsychotic polypharmacy and concurrent anticholinergic use. Conclusion We conclude that although the use of HDAP amongst patients with schizophrenia remains common, its persistent use should be discouraged.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90637911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of Drug Attitude Inventory among patients with schizophrenia","authors":"O. Sowunmi","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1760","url":null,"abstract":"Background The treatment of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia has remained three-fold physical (pharmacological), psychological and social. Furthermore, the need to monitor adherence to the physical aspect of treatment has been a major concern to mental health practitioners as this usually affects the success of psychological and social treatment. Aim My study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) among patients with schizophrenia. The study was carried out at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro Abeokuta Ogun State and on an average, about 150 patients were seen daily at the outpatient clinic. Methods Internal consistency, item-total correlation (the two-way mixed method with absolute agreement) and Cronbach’s alpha were evaluated using an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). This instrument’s level of adequacy was determined using factor analysis (principal component analysis with varimax rotation). Result Marital status and level of education were significantly associated with adherence. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.56 and principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation produced a three-factor solution. Conclusion My study has shown that the DAI is a valid and reliable instrument and can be used in a clinical setting where there are limitations with time such as the outpatient clinic.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76743617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyberbullying perpetration and victimisation amongst adolescent psychiatric patients at Lentegeur Hospital, South Africa","authors":"M. Paruk, R. Nassen","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1755","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cyberbullying is a type of harassment that is perpetrated or experienced by a person or groups of persons via the use of electronic devices, and it frequently occurs amongst young people. Research has shown that cyberbullying is associated with psychiatric comorbidity, which could indicate a need for screening adolescents who present for mental health services. Aim This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cyberbullying amongst adolescents. The secondary aim was to determine the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 psychiatric diagnoses associated with cyberbullying. Setting Lentegeur Hospital Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in the Western Cape, South Africa. Methods This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 97 participants (sampled from both inpatient and outpatient services) between the ages of 13 years and 18 years. Adolescent assent and parental consent were obtained. Demographic and clinical data were collected from patient folders, and the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory II was used to assess cyberbullying behaviours. Results The overall prevalence rate of some form of cyberbullying in this sample was 56.7%, of which 6.2% were cyberbullies, 20.6% were cyber-victims and 29.9% were cyberbullies and cyber-victims. Female participants were more likely to be involved in cyberbullying than males. The most prevalent primary psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents involved in cyberbullying included major depressive disorder (72.4%), schizophrenia (57.1%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (22%). There was no significant association between cyberbullying and any psychiatric diagnoses. Conclusion The high prevalence rate of adolescents involved in cyberbullying suggests that this behaviour is a cause for concern in the South African population. More screening and treatment programmes should be implemented to address this issue.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85037454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression and quality of life among pregnant women in first and third trimesters in Abeokuta: A comparative study","authors":"Adetoun O. Soyemi, O. Sowunmi, Sunday M. Amosu, Emmanuel O Babalola","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1779","url":null,"abstract":"Background Pregnancy is a dynamic time during which a woman’s emotional state may undergo extensive change. There have been conflicting views about the magnitude of emotional turmoil that occurs during pregnancy. Some investigators suggest that pregnancy is a time of particularly good psychological adjustment; others have reported high levels of psychological challenge. Aim Our study aimed to compare the prevalence and correlates of depression in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and to determine the relationship between quality of life and depressive disorder. Setting The antenatal clinic of the State Hospital, Ijaiye. Method A descriptive, comparative study of depressive disorder and the quality of life between first- and third-trimester pregnant women (confirmed through a pregnancy test and an abdominopelvic ultrasound). Result For each trimester, 285 participants were recruited. The prevalence of depression among the pregnant women who participated in the study was 7.2%. In the first trimester of pregnancy, the prevalence of depression was 30 (10.5%), while it was 11 (3.9%) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Collectively, the relationship between depression and QoL was significant in the overall domain, satisfaction with general health domain (t = 2.27; p = 0.03), psychological domain (t = 2.74; p = 0.010, and environmental domain (t = 4.57; p ≤ 0.01). Conclusion Our study also highlights the need to pay closer attention to the psychological well-being and quality of life of all pregnant women and not just on their physical health and the baby’s well-being.","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81177290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}