South African Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Psychiatric nurses' experiences of using a model to improve relationships of couples with borderline personality disorder.","authors":"Andile G Mokoena-de Beer, Annie Temane, Nompumelelo Ntshingila","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) struggle with relationships because of impulsivity and emotional regulation difficulties. Specialised skills are needed for care, but existing models are lacking. A new model was developed to help psychiatric nurses support couples with one partner having BPD. This innovative psychiatric nursing model emphasises the need for implementation and evaluation in care.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the psychiatric nurses' experiences of implementation of a model to facilitate constructive intra- and interpersonal relationships for couples in a relationship where one is living with BPD.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted at a mental health institution in Gauteng province where the one partner with BPD receives treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study adopted a qualitative, exploratory design conducting in-depth interviews with psychiatric nurses who implemented the model, triangulated with observations and field notes and analysed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes emerged, namely: (1) the model served as a helpful tool for empowerment; (2) the positive results yielded by the model; (3) challenges related to using the model; and (4) suggestions for expanding the model's reach. The psychiatric nurses found the model acceptable and feasible to facilitate the relationships of couples where one is living with BPD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychiatric nurses need guidelines to enhance care for individuals with BPD, highlighting the importance of implementing supportive models to improve relationships in various settings.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Implementation of this model is unique in the care of persons living with BPD making it a valuable tool for psychiatric nurses in mental health care provision.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in schizophrenia symptoms, tryptophan metabolism, neuroinflammation and the GABA-glutamate loop: A pilot study.","authors":"Estmia Van der Walt, Christiaan B Brink, Esmé Jansen van Vuren","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2407","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A call for SASOP to review their position on the care of 'transgender and non-binary youth'.","authors":"Allan Donkin, Reitze Rodseth, Janet Giddy","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health literacy among secondary school learners in Tshwane region 1: A quantitative study.","authors":"Dumisile P Madlala, Pierre Joubert, Oratilwe P Mokoena","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental health literacy (MHL) is one of the crucial factors in the prevention and maintenance of youth mental health. Despite this fact, there is limited research on MHL in this age group.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the MHL in a sample of secondary schoolgoing learners.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Five schools in Tshwane, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quantitative cross-sectional study was done. Three fictive vignettes depicting individuals having symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), substance-induced psychotic disorder (SIPD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) were presented to participants. The ability to recognise the disorder, knowledge of the best form of help to address the symptoms, and the ability to provide psychological first aid support were assessed. A comparison of MHL between township school learners and urban school learners was conducted. The association between MHL and demographic factors was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ability to recognise symptoms and connect them to a particular disorder was high (80.71% for MDD, 61.96% for SIPD and 67.91% for SAD). Correct knowledge on who would best address the symptoms was 52.55% for MDD, 63.83% for SIPD and 23.86% for SAD with a sizable number choosing informal help for the cases of MDD and SAD. There was good psychological first aid knowledge for both MDD and SIPD cases but poor for SAD case.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even though the results are promising regarding the recognition of all three disorders, there is still room for improving MHL in this group, especially in the areas of help-seeking and knowledge about anxiety disorders in general.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The findings highlight key areas of focus during mental health awareness campaigns to learners.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing sleep using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among comorbid HIV and psychiatric outpatients.","authors":"Ahmad Peerbhay, Prinesh Miseer, Karishma Lowton","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep is an essential component of physical and mental health. HIV and mental illness are both risk factors for developing sleep problems. There is a paucity of sleep research in a population with comorbid HIV and mental illness.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep disturbances among comorbid HIV and psychiatric outpatients using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A further aim was to identify socio-demographic and clinical variables that may significantly correlate with results of their PSQI scores.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Luthando Neuropsychiatric Clinic at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in Johannesburg.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study assessing the sleep of comorbid HIV and psychiatric outpatients using the PSQI. A global score of 5 or greater is indicative of poor sleep quality. Eligible participants completed the self-administered PSQI, and socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained from their records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 71.6% of participants had an overall PSQI score of ≥ 5, indicating poor sleep quality. HIV-related factors were not predictors of poor sleep outcomes. Female gender, unemployment, absence of alcohol use and selective psychiatric diagnoses were associated with poor sleep quality. None of the participants had a sleep disorder formally diagnosed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in patients with comorbid HIV and mental illness. Actively screening this population, training of psychiatrists in diagnosing sleep disturbances and interventions to improve the quality of sleep are needed.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This research highlights the prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients with HIV and mental illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes of Christian leaders and congregants in South Africa towards mental illness and the mentally ill.","authors":"Zamahlubi T Dlamini, Vinola Poliah, Navanthree Govender","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental illness and substance use disorders significantly contribute to the global disease burden, and limited access to mental health services exacerbates this problem. Initially, many individuals seek help from religious leaders and traditional healers. Given that 80% of South Africa's (SA) population identifies as Christian, churches may influence mental health help-seeking behaviour.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the attitudes of Christian leaders and congregants towards the mentally ill using the Community Attitudes Towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted in Soweto, a diverse peri-urban settlement in Johannesburg.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional survey where participants completed a demographics questionnaire and the CAMI scale, which measures attitudes across four sub-scales: Authoritarianism (AU), Benevolence (BE), Social Restrictiveness (SR), and Community Mental Health Ideology (CMHI). Low AU and SR scores and high BE and CMHI scores indicated low stigma towards mental illness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 51 participants, predominantly female (80.4%), aged 25-35 years (58.8%) and possessing tertiary education (82.4%). No significant differences emerged between leaders and congregants. Participants with a personal history of mental illness exhibited more positive attitudes, while familiarity with affected individuals did not significantly influence attitudes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the importance of collaboration between mental healthcare providers and the Christian community in South Africa, emphasising the need for cross-denominational engagement and further research to improve culturally relevant mental healthcare.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>These findings underscore the church's potential role in promoting mental health support.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in cannabis use post decriminalisation in mental health care users in South Africa.","authors":"Rachel Moshori, Lisa Galvin, Laila Paruk","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2305","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Personal cannabis use was decriminalised in South Africa in 2018. Cannabis use increases the risk of mental illness (MI) and worsens prognosis in patients with MI. The impact of decriminalisation on cannabis use remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine cannabis use patterns by self-report and urine multidrug screening (UMDS) among psychiatric inpatients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>CHBAH, Soweto, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of clinical records comparing patients admitted to CHBAH psychiatry pre- and post-decriminalisation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 244 patients were included, with 57% using cannabis based on self-report and/or UMDS. Although not significant, overall cannabis use was higher post-decriminalisation (63.1%) than pre-decriminalisation (50.8%). Self-reported use increased slightly post-decriminalisation (56.6% vs. 50.0%), while UMDS-confirmed use was significantly higher (32.8% vs. 17.2%). Cannabis use was associated with male gender and younger age, with younger admissions post-decriminalisation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Decriminalisation did not significantly increase overall or self-reported cannabis use; however, more patients tested positive on UMDS post-decriminalisation. Young males remain at higher risk of cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The SASOP/PsychMg child and adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder guidelines.","authors":"Brendan Belsham, Linda Kelly, Renata Schoeman","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2357","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal trends in methylphenidate use: A mirror of misuse or compliance?","authors":"Renata Schoeman, Stefan J Benjamin","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2391","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A steady growth in the use of medication for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been evident over the past few decades. While growth attests to increased awareness of ADHD and improved access to diagnosis and treatment, concerns have been raised about poor adherence to treatment and diversion of medication.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This current study explored the seasonal and/or temporal use of methylphenidate (MPH) in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective database analysis was conducted to examine unit sales of MPH over a 9-year period. The unit sales of MPH were compared to those of atomoxetine for the same period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unit sales for MPH peaked in May and October, which coincided with the academic high-pressure periods for school learners and university students. This was most evident for MPH immediate release 10 mg. There was a noticeable decrease in unit sales for MPH during December. Atomoxetine demonstrated much less seasonal variation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The seasonal and/or temporal use of MPH fluctuates following the academic calendar. These changes are driven by both temporary interruptions of treatment, such as 'drug holidays', and the misuse and diversion of MPH for non-medical use. This holds significant implications for interventions to improve ADHD outcomes. It is crucial to balance accessibility to treatment with the prevention of misuse of MPH.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Our findings highlight the need to reconsider current policies and regulations regarding the appropriate diagnosis and management of ADHD and the scripting, dispensing and monitoring of MPH.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic difficulty in an adolescent with dissociative identity disorder.","authors":"Kajal M Patel, Luzuko Magula","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2333","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a complex and controversial psychiatric condition characterised by the presence of two or more distinct identities, personality states, or identities that recurrently take control of an individual's behaviour. The identities or personality states may have distinct characteristics, memories, and behaviours, making identifying and differentiating them challenging. We describe a complex case that presented diagnostic challenges because of the fluctuations in psychiatric presentations associated with DID, and we outline a multidisciplinary and biopsychosocial intervention.</p><p><strong>Patient presentation: </strong>A 15-year-old transgender female presented with psychosis, suicidal ideation, a history of self-harm and aggressive behaviour, and panic attacks. She had a diary with excerpts that she could not remember writing and a history of forgetting certain parts of her day. She displayed extreme variations of psychiatric presentations, including depression, mania, panic, and aggression.</p><p><strong>Management and outcome: </strong>The patient's alters were individually treated based on their psychiatric presentation and theme. Management followed the phased approach of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (ISSTD guidelines), which included establishing safety and symptom reduction, integration of traumatic memories and identity as well as rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this case report, we present an adolescent with a myriad of psychiatric presentations and describe her management. We summarise key difficulties that a clinician can encounter in diagnosing DID.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>We bring awareness to the complexity of this diagnosis. Lastly, we propose an Multidisciplinary team (MDT) biopsychosocial approach that helps to manage the condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11886450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}