South African Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of neurocognitive impairments in adults with chronic pain: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Bonginkosi M J Mafuze, Lindokuhle T Thela","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2500","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a strong link between chronic pain and neurocognitive impairment. The co-occurrence of the two disorders often leads to a poor quality of life and significant disability.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the prevalence of neurocognitive impairments in adults with chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at a pain clinic within a tertiary hospital in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal. Participants were required to be clinic attendees, proficient in English, and have a minimum of a Grade 7 education. Exclusion criteria included neurological disorders, significant language barriers, or ineligible age. Recruitment used purposive sampling with informed consent. Data were collected using socio-demographic and clinical questionnaires, namely, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS). The primary outcome was the prevalence of neurocognitive impairment; secondary outcomes examined associations with demographic and clinical factors using both descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 105 participants (59 females and 46 males) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the participants was 55.1 ± 6.75 years. A total of 73.3% (<i>n</i> = 77) of participants screened positive for neurocognitive impairment on MoCA and 55.2% on MMSE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chronic pain is associated with impairments in neurocognitive performance, particularly in short-term memory and executive functioning.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>A significant correlation was found between lower education levels and neurocognitive impairment (<i>p</i> = 0.02 for MoCA, <i>p</i> = 0.04 for MMSE).</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of routine vitamin B₁₂ screening in adult psychiatric patients.","authors":"Tracy A Hollander, Vidette M Juby","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2449","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnosing and treating vitamin B₁₂ deficiency in psychiatric populations is important, but the justification for routine screening in patients without risk factors or physical findings remains uncertain, especially in resource-limited settings.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of routine vitamin B₁₂ screening in adult psychiatric inpatients.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted at Townhill Hospital, a tertiary psychiatric facility in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was performed for the period 01 July 2021 to 31 December 2022. Data collected included demographics, clinical diagnoses, medications, risk factors for deficiency, vitamin B₁₂ test results, associated costs, and clinical responses to abnormal findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 366 patients (168 male, 198 female; mean age 35.95 ± 13.44 years), the mean serum vitamin B₁₂ level was 423.86 mmol/L (SD ± 233.37), with a median of 359 mmol/L. Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency was identified in eight patients (2.2%). The cost per deficient patient was R5780.73. Statistically significant associations were found between low B₁₂ levels and pregnancy, vegetarian diet, abdominal surgery, and metformin use (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Only half of the deficient patients received replacement therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Routine vitamin B₁₂ screening in the absence of physical findings or known risk factors is not clinically or economically justified. Targeted screening should be considered to optimise resource use and patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>In resource-constrained environments, prioritising high-yield interventions is essential to improving care efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of depression and suicidality among children and adolescents living with HIV and AIDS.","authors":"Umar B Musami, Jibril Abdulmalik, Victor C Onyencho, Yesiru A Kareem, Choja A Oduaran, Abdurrahman Ashiru, Abdu W Ibrahim","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2440","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and affective disorders often coexist, leading to suboptimal health outcomes. Poor management of this comorbidity can result in decreased medication adherence, increased hospitalisations and diminished quality of life.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the predictors and correlates of depression and suicidality among children and adolescents living with HIV and AIDS in Maiduguri, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study was conducted at the antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit 160 children and adolescents with HIV and AIDS who are attending ART clinics. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling approach. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), which is both a screening and diagnostic instrument, was administered to identify those with depression and suicidality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suicidality and depression rates were found to be 30.6% and 45.0%, respectively. Frequent hospital admissions and medication non-adherence were significantly associated with both depression and suicidality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the significant mental health burden among children and adolescents living with HIV and AIDS. The association between frequent hospitalisations, medication non-adherence and emotional disorders emphasises the need for integrated mental health services within HIV and AIDS care.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study offers insightful information about the mental health situation of children and adolescents living with HIV and AIDS (CALWHA), contributing to a deeper understanding of their unique needs and informing the development of targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences, personality traits and internalising disorder among adolescents in Nigeria.","authors":"Aderonke A Akintola, Tolulope M Ogungbemi, Bede C Akpunne, Taiye E Ojo","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2423","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Internalising disorder, which is characterised by anxiety and depression, is a mental health disorder observed among in-school adolescents in Nigeria, with consequent school dropout, substance use and suicide.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examined the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and personality traits on internalising disorder among in-school adolescents in Lagos State, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted among in-school adolescents attending secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design and multistage sampling techniques were used to select 357 participants (138 males = 38.7%; 219 females = 61.3%) from five high schools in Lagos State, who responded to the ACEs Questionnaire, Personality Inventory and Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of ACEs is 23.8% mild, 33.1% moderate, 13.4% severe experiences being higher on internalising disorder, and 29.7% with no experience. Sixteen per cent of children were clinically significant on internalising behaviour, with 19.3% significant on anxiety and 9% on depression. Adverse childhood experiences significantly predicted internalising disorder; likewise, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience consistently and significantly predicted internalising disorder. Adverse childhood experiences and personality traits contributed a significant variance of 16% in anxiety, 26% in depression and a combined 20% to the total variance in internalising disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study encourages practical, tailored interventions that address ACEs and foster positive personality traits to mitigate against internalising disorder.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study underscores the importance of personality traits in the outcomes of children and adolescents exposed to ACEs in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12421561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research retention among people with first-episode psychosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.","authors":"Mihoko Maru, Vuyokazi Ntlantsana, Usha Chhagan, Lindokuhle Thela, Enver Karim, Andrew Tomita, Saeeda Paruk, Bonginkosi Chiliza","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2470","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2470","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12421549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healing from post-traumatic stress disorder through a synergy of science and spirituality.","authors":"","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2560","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12421557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience and yoga training have additive benefits for mental health of intensive care unit nurses.","authors":"Korhan Kavuran, Ramazan Erdoğan, Amir Dana","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2491","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rigorous demands associated with caring for critically ill patients place intensive care unit (ICU) nurses at a heightened risk for mental health issues.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the individual and combined benefits of two distinct intervention strategies, resilience training and yoga training, on enhancing the mental health of ICU nurses.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Hospitals located in Bitlis Province, Turkey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 84 participants was chosen and randomly and equally allocated to resilience, yoga, resilience+yoga or the control group. Resilience or yoga training comprised eight sessions, each lasting 45 min. Participants in the combined group completed both resilience and yoga training. Data analysis was conducted using an analysis of variance test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Engagement in either resilience or yoga training alone led to a significant decrease in depression, anxiety and stress levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Finally, the resilience + yoga training had additive benefits and resulted in a significantly greater reduction in depression, anxiety and stress levels compared to the individual resilience or yoga training (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intensive care unit nurses should engage in both resilience and yoga training to reap the associated physical and psychological benefits.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study sheds light on the value of the resilience and yoga combination for the mental health of ICU nurses.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12421559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The screening trap: Why clinical interviews still matter in South African occupational mental health care.","authors":"Charles H van Wijk","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2461","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12421542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex Psychotropic Polypharmacy in Soweto-based community psychiatry clinics.","authors":"Lee-Ann Mabulwana, Kagisho Maaroganye","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2424","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychotropic polypharmacy is increasing globally. In South Africa (SA), Complex Psychotropic Polypharmacy (CPP) prevalence is 36.3%. Being on CPP is associated with adverse drug reactions and worsened patient outcomes, but there exists limited knowledge on CPP risk factors in SA.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine CPP prevalence and its associated clinical and sociodemographic factors in a community setting in SA.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted in five randomly selected community mental health clinics in Soweto township from 01 January 2021 to 31 December 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of 348 adult patient records was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022. Data on prescriptions, clinical and sociodemographic variables were extracted. Being on CPP was defined as having 3 or more psychotropics. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with CPP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CPP prevalence was 25.3%. The most common CPP combination (26.1%) was oral antipsychotic, long-acting injectable antipsychotic and mood stabiliser prescriptions. Psychiatric diagnosis was significantly associated with CPP, <i>p</i>-value = 0.012. The most common adverse drug effect was associated with use of anticholinergic drugs (13.2%) of which 28.3% were on CPP. Those who were widowed or divorced were 4.3 times more likely to be on CPP compared to those never married (single) Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.3 (95% CI:1.2-16.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is notably high prevalence of CPP. The risk of adverse effects rises with an increase in the number of medications. Evidence-based prescribing and periodic review of medication should be emphasised.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Increased monitoring of prescribing practices is needed to determine if the practice of Complex psychotropic polypharmacy (CPP) prescription is in line with treatment guidelines for psychiatric diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression among women attending clinics in Gaborone.","authors":"Angelina M Mannathoko, Keneilwe Molebatsi, Deogratias O Mbuka","doi":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2373","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v31i0.2373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Untreated postpartum depression (PPD) has the potential to cause significant distress or impairment in functioning with a consequent negative impact on a developing child.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD and its associated factors in women attending postpartum primary care clinics.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study setting involved randomly selected three 24-h clinics in Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 295 conveniently sampled postpartum mothers. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire, researcher-designed socio-demographic questions and the Oslo Social Support Scale 3 (OSSS-3) were utilised to collect data on the PPD, demographic factors and social support, respectively. Variables identified to be associated with PPD on bivariate analyses were entered into multivariate analysis to determine factors associated with PPD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of PPD was 33.9% (95% CI 28.5% - 39.6%). Factors predictive of PPD included the history of being involved in intimate partner violence (AOR = 4.789 95% CI [2.276-10.077]), poor relationship with the partner's mother (AOR 2.657, [1.080-6.538]), poor and moderate social support (AOR 2.685 [1.013-7.111] and AOR 5.897 [2.140-16.248]), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high prevalence of PPD highlights the need for routine screening for PPD and its associated factors in antenatal and postnatal clinics. Continued practice of traditional postpartum cultural practices can be recommended as these promote social support and can potentially decrease PPD in our setting.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This is the first study to report on the prevalence and factors associated with PPD in Botswana, thus useful in tailoring culturally appropriate interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51156,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"31 ","pages":"2373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}