Smart Structures and Systems最新文献

{"title":"Limit load, shakedown and ratchet analysis of pressurized lateral nozzle","authors":"Xiaohui Chen, Kun Zhuang, Xuanchen Zhu, Haofeng Chen","doi":"10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.421","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the limit load, shakedown limit and ratchet limit of the oblique nozzle based on the linear matching method (LMM). In order to study the influencing factors of the limit load, shakedown limit and ratchet limit of the oblique nozzle, oblique nozzle models with different dip angles, diameter-to-thickness ratios of the oblique nozzle and diameterto- thickness ratios of the main pipe are established, respectively. Firstly, the limit load, shakedown limit and ratchet limit of the oblique nozzle are studied. At the same time, the influence of the loading mode on the shakedown limit and ratchet limit is also studied. Secondly, oblique nozzles with different defect lengths, widths and depths are established, respectively. The influence of loading paths on shakedown limit and ratchet limit of oblique nozzles with defects are also studied. Finally, shakedown limit and ratchet limit diagrams are obtained based on linear matching method. The correctness of shakedown limit and ratchet limit diagrams is validated by ABAQUS incremental elastic-plastic analysis.","PeriodicalId":51155,"journal":{"name":"Smart Structures and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44039948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expectation of smart mentality and citizen participation in technology-driven cities","authors":"Katalin Fehér","doi":"10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.435","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to investigate the expectations of smart mentality and citizen participation in technology-driven cities. 150 mainstream trend reports, white papers, and research summaries are analyzed in one corpus as business, governmental, and university research cooperations. The changing trends of the related academic literature frame the study. Keyword statistics, word pairs, content networks, and correlation matrix reveal the expected citizen participation. The most referenced top ten cities and their strategies support the understanding of the smart mentality behind the participation. According to the findings, open data, communities, collective participation, socio-technical engagement, and empowerment are the most expected human factors. Anonymity, neighborhood-based implementations, and temporary human roles are underrepresented in the corpus, as well as the privacy concerns and ethical issues. However, the emerging AI technology and the interpretative metaphors with rainforest, team player, and public agora urge a focus also on these indicators with a contribution of citizen engagement. The paper provides governmental policymaking and the academic research of technology-driven cities with a citizen-centric and complex summary.","PeriodicalId":51155,"journal":{"name":"Smart Structures and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42807035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster analysis and damage identification for FRP/steel-confined RC column using AE technique","authors":"Fangzhu Du, Dongsheng Li, Dapeng Qiu","doi":"10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.407","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the damage evaluation and pattern recognition for the newly proposed fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)/steel-confined reinforced concrete columns. The interaction of FRP material, steel tube, and reinforced concrete lead to complex damage mechanisms and invisible damage modes. The prevailing acoustic emission (AE) technique was applied to monitor the damage process and detect the sheltered damages under cyclic loading. Characteristic AE parameters, such as energy and duration, were extracted to disclose the damage evolution and evaluate the damage state. Three typical damage stages were identified. The fuzzy C.means (FCM) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm were applied as efficient clustering tools to discriminate different damage signals of FRP/steel-confined RC columns. Five types of damage mechanisms were identified and illustrated based on the statistical analysis of typical AE features. Furthermore, typical damage waveforms were extracted, the frequency content of each damage signal was discussed on the basis of wavelet transform.","PeriodicalId":51155,"journal":{"name":"Smart Structures and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48765005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crack prediction in pipeline using ANN-PSO based on numerical and experimental modal analysis","authors":"M. Seguini, S. Khatir, D. Boutchicha, D. Nedjar, M. Wahab","doi":"10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.507","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a crack identification using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is investigated to predict the crack depth in pipeline structure based on modal analysis technique using Finite Element Method (FEM). In various fields, ANN has become one of the most effective instruments using computational intelligence techniques to solve complex problems. This paper uses Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to enhance ANN training parameters (bias and weight) by minimizing the difference between actual and desired outputs and then using these parameters to generate the network. The convergence study during the process proves the advantage of using PSO based on two selected parameters. The data are collected from FEM based on different crack depths and locations. The provided technique is validated after collecting the data from experimental modal analysis. To study the effectiveness of ANN-PSO, different hidden layers values are considered to study the sensitivity of the predicted crack depth. The results demonstrate that ANN combined with PSO (ANN-PSO) is accurate and requires a lower computational time in terms of crack identification based on inverse problem.","PeriodicalId":51155,"journal":{"name":"Smart Structures and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41872335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of bridge area and its angularities on the failure mechanism of non-persistent crack in concrete-like materials","authors":"A. B. Shemirani, M. Amini, V. Sarfarazi, K. Shahriar, P. Moarefvand, H. Haeri","doi":"10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.479","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental and discrete element methods were used to investigate the effects of distance between two preexisting cracks, bridge area (The length of the bridge area) and its angularities on the shear behaviour of bridge area. A punchthrough shear test was used to model the gypsum (concrete like) cracks under shear loading. Gypsum samples (concrete like) with dimension of 120 mm × 120 mm × 50 mm were prepared in the laboratory. Within the specimen model and near its four corners, four vertical notches were provided. Three different configuration systems were prepared for notches; i.e., paralell and in plane, inside echelon and outside echelon configuration systems, respectively. In these configurations, the length of cracks were taken as 2 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm based on the cracks configuration systems. Then, 9 specimens with different lengths of the bridge area and bridge area angles were prepared. Assuming a plane strain condition, special rectangular models were prepared with dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm. similar to those for cracks configuration systems in the experimental tests i.e., 9 models with different lengths of the bridge area and bridge area angularities were prepared. The axial load was applied to the punch through the central portion of the model. This testing showed that the failure process was mostly governed by the lengths of the bridge area and bridge area angularities. The shear strengths of the specimens were related to the fracture pattern and failure mechanism of the discontinuities. It was shown that the shear behaviour of discontinuities is related to the number of the induced tensile cracks which are increased by increasing the lengths of the bridge area. The strength of samples decreases by increasing the crack length. Also, the outside echelon crack configuration system has the maximum value of strength while the inside echelon crack configuration system has the minimum value of specimen's tensile strength. The failure pattern and failure strength are similar in both methods i.e., the experimental testing and the numerical simulation methods.","PeriodicalId":51155,"journal":{"name":"Smart Structures and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47855500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and optimization of a typical quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator","authors":"Huan Li, Yang Yu, Jianchun Li, Yancheng Li","doi":"10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.525","url":null,"abstract":"To isolate vibration at a low-frequency range and at the same time to provide sufficient loading support to the isolated structure impose a challenge in vibration isolation. Quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator, as a potential solution to the challenge, has been widely investigated due to its unique property of high-static & low-dynamic stiffness. This paper provides an in-depth analysis and potential optimization of a typical QZS vibration isolator to illustrate the complexity and importance of design optimization. By carefully examining the governing fundamentals of the QZS vibration isolator, a simplified approximation of force and stiffness relationship is derived to enable the characteristic analysis of the QZS vibration isolator. The explicit formulae of the amplitude-frequency response (AFR) and transmissibility of the QZS vibration isolator are obtained by employing the Harmonic Balance Method. The transmissibility curves under force excitation with different values of nonlinear coefficient, damping ratio, and amplitude of excitation are further investigated. As the result, an optimization of the structural parameter has been demonstrated using a comprehensive objective function with considering multiple dynamic characteristic parameters simultaneously. Finally, the genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to minimise the objective function to obtain the optimal stiffness ratios under different conditions. General recommendations are provided and discussed in the end.","PeriodicalId":51155,"journal":{"name":"Smart Structures and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41898927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic isolation of railway bridges using a self-centering pier","authors":"X. Xia, Xiyin Zhang, Jun‐Yang Shi, Jin-long Tang","doi":"10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.447","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquakes cause severe damages to bridge structures, and rocking isolation of piers has become a superior option for the seismic protection of bridges during earthquakes. A seismic isolation method with free rocking mode is proposed for railway bridge piers with medium height. Experimental and numerical analysis are conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of the rocking-isolated bridge pier. Shaking table test is carried out with a scaled model by using three strong input earthquake records. The measured data includes displacement, acceleration and time history response of the pier-top and the bending moment of the pier-bottom. Test results show that the expected uplift and rocking of the isolated pier occur under strong earthquakes and the rocking-isolated pier has self-centering capacity. Slight damage appears at the collision surface between pier and base due to pier uplift, while there is no damage in the pier body. The bending moment of pier-bottom is less affected by the spectrum of input ground motions. The two-spring model is provided to simulate the isolated pier with free rocking mode under earthquakes. A seismic response analysis model for the rocking-ioslated pier is established with the assistance of OpenSees platform. The simulated results agree well with the measured results by shaking table test. Therefore, the seismic isolation method with a self-centering pier is worthy of promotion for railway bridges in high seismic risk regions.","PeriodicalId":51155,"journal":{"name":"Smart Structures and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47524318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer vision-based displacement measurement with m-sequence target","authors":"Yi-ding Hu, Qi Xia, Rongrong Hou, Y. Xia, Jiantao Yan","doi":"10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.537","url":null,"abstract":"The development of image sensors enables the application of vision-based techniques to the non-contact displacement measurement of large-scale structures. The features of the physical targets are critical to the accuracy, stability and anti-interference of the displacement measurement results. In this study, a novel m-sequence target and the associated circular correlation processing technique are developed for real-time displacement measurement. The properties of the m-sequence as a pseudo-random sequence are introduced. The vision-based displacement calculation method is then derived from the correlation property of the m-sequence. The algorithms and measurement systems are integrated in the LabVIEW environment. To verify the anti-interference performance of the developed system, static and dynamic experimental tests are carried out with various forms of interference, such as partial occlusion, uneven illumination, out of focus and smoke effect. Experimental results indicate that the developed system cannot only accurately measure structural displacement, but also has outstanding antiinterference performance, even if 30% of the target is masked.","PeriodicalId":51155,"journal":{"name":"Smart Structures and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48761794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-time scale vibration surveillance system for third-party threats on urban pipeline","authors":"Suzhen Li, Zelong Liu, Renzhu Peng, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.457","url":null,"abstract":"Third-party interference caused by construction activities have seriously jeopardized the security of underground pipelines. Following the process of \"signal collection—feature extraction and selection—multi-time scale identifying— combining results by voting\", this paper proposes a multi-time scale surveillance system for interference prevention of thirdparty threats on the nearby pipeline by using ground vibration monitors. The system focuses on the two major urban construction activities induced by excavator breaking hammers and road cutters, and presents excellent performance under the noise of traffic and pedestrian. Three features including the short-time zero-crossing rate, subset differential parameter and the Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients are selected by the analysis of the maximal information coefficient and feature importance for identifying the patterns of different third-party activities. The crucial part of the surveillance system consists of the two random forest-based classifiers trained by 0.5 s samples and 8 s samples respectively, and the alarm depends on the voting of the two classifiers, which brings the perspectives on different time scales for decision making. In the test, 96.14% of the threat vibration signals can be detected, while only 0.45% of the environmental noise signals cause false alarms.","PeriodicalId":51155,"journal":{"name":"Smart Structures and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49086129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient approach for optimum shape design of steel shear panel dampers under cyclic loading","authors":"M. Khatibinia, Aghdas Ahrari, S. Gharehbaghi, S. R. Sarafrazi","doi":"10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12989/SSS.2021.27.3.547","url":null,"abstract":"The low-cycle fatigue performance of shear panel damper (SPD) highly depends on the geometry of its shape and the criterion considered for its design. The main contribution of the current study is to find the optimum shape of the SPD subjected to cyclic loading by considering two different objective functions. The maximum equivalent plastic strain and the ratio of energy dissipation through plastic deformation to the maximum equivalent plastic strain are selected as the first and second objective functions, respectively. Since the optimization procedure requires high computational efforts, a hybrid computational approach is used to perform two paramount phases of estimating the inelastic responses of the SPD and solving the optimization problem. In the first phase, as an alternative for the time-consuming finite element analysis of the SPD, a weighted-support vector machine model is developed to predict the inelastic responses of the SPDs during the optimization process. In the second phase, the optimum shape of the SPD is found by using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The results indicate that both design criteria lead to the optimum-shaped SPDs with a significant improvement in their low cycle fatigue performance in comparing with the initial rectangular shape while a slight reduction in their energy dissipation capacity. Moreover, the second design criterion is slightly better in the performance improvement of the optimum-shaped SPDs compared with the first one. In addition, the weighted-based SVM approach can accurately predict the inelastic responses of the SPDs under cyclic loading, and its combination with WOA results in finding the optimum solutions quickly.","PeriodicalId":51155,"journal":{"name":"Smart Structures and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":"547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42763719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}