Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing最新文献

{"title":"Physics-guided ODE neural network for high-fidelity gearbox dynamics modeling based on vibration measurements","authors":"Rui He ,&nbsp;Xingkai Yang ,&nbsp;Yifei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Tian ,&nbsp;Mingjian Zuo ,&nbsp;Zhisheng Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-fidelity dynamics modeling of gearboxes is the prerequisite for developing digital twins capable of elucidating failure behaviors under varying speed conditions. However, traditional approaches, such as finite element and lumped parameter models, often exhibit discrepancies from real-world measurements. This issue is particularly pronounced in complex systems, which limits their practical applicability. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel physics-guided ordinary differential equation (ODE) neural network. This method integrates a neural network into the gearbox dynamics model to address model incompleteness, specifically the discrepancies between theoretical predictions and actual system behavior. Real acceleration measurements are utilized to calibrate both the neural network and the overall dynamics model, enabling the inference of unknown dynamic parameters without the need for prior determination. By aligning simulated responses with experimental data, the model captures system dynamics with high accuracy. The proposed physics-guided ODE neural network is fully differentiable with respect to both model incompleteness and undetermined dynamic parameters. The effectiveness of this high-fidelity modeling approach is demonstrated using an experimental two-stage gearbox system. Validation against experimental test rig data under varying rotational speeds and faulty conditions confirms the model capability to replicate real-world dynamic responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112720"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A low-frequency unidirectional-strain-mode bistable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester via prestressing curved vibrators","authors":"Chenyang He ,&nbsp;Shijie Lin ,&nbsp;Mingxuan Liu ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Junwu Kan ,&nbsp;Fanxu Meng ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric transduction becomes increasingly popular as a promising alternative to electrochemical batteries for powering low-power wireless and portable electronic devices. A low-frequency unidirectional-strain-mode bistable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (USB-PVEH) is proposed to offer a viable solution to the possible damage caused by the bidirectional deformation of piezoelectric plates in this paper. The salient characteristics of the USB-PVEH were that bistable vibration energy harvesting was implemented via the unidirectional-strain piezoelectric vibrators which were constructed by prepressuring two initially-curved piezoelectric plates. Also, the deformation of pre-bent piezoelectric vibrators subjected to the unidirectional compressive strain wasn’t directly induced by the external vibration source but triggered indirectly by the elastic beam. To prove the structural feasibility and ascertain the influence of adjustable magnet installation parameters on the energy harvester, the theoretical investigation, simulation, fabrication and experimental testing were conducted. The results showed that the potential well structure in nonlinear magnetic force can be altered by adjusting installation parameters such as the horizontal distance, vertical distance and installation angle of the adjustable magnet, thereby modifying the dynamic performance of the energy harvester. Additionally, the USB-PVEH exhibited an optimal parameter combination (<em>d</em> = 14 mm, <em>h</em> = 6 mm, <em>α</em> = 67.5°), where the natural frequency was 16 Hz and the effective bandwidth was 19.6 Hz. Furthermore, the maximum output power of the USB-PVEH could reach 5.27 mW at 16 Hz with the optimal load resistance of 70 kΩ. Consequently, it is expected that the USB-PVEH can provide reference for the structural design of PVEH in high-amplitude environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112692"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel unified dynamical modeling of perforated plates based on negative mass equivalence","authors":"Kaiyuan Tian ,&nbsp;Yilong Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Fang ,&nbsp;Dengqing Cao ,&nbsp;Kaiping Yu ,&nbsp;Xutao Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plate-shaped structures are extensively utilized in aerospace, automotive, marine, and civil engineering, often featuring holes or cutouts for weight reduction, material savings, and design flexibility. However, the irregular shapes of their structures pose challenges in accurately extracting modal shapes using traditional analytical dynamical modeling methods. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel semi-analytical method for modal extraction in flat plates, particularly suitable for those with holes or cutouts, based on negative mass equivalence. Taking the perforated flat plates as examples, their dynamical models are developed using polynomial interpolation with Chebyshev polynomials and the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The concepts of “negative mass” and “positive mass” are employed to represent the features of openings, with Lagrange multipliers ensuring compatibility at connection nodes. Model validations are performed through comparisons of results regarding the natural frequencies, modal shapes, and dynamical responses obtained from this method, the finite element method, and the experimental method. The results demonstrate that the RMS error of the natural frequency is within 3.89 % and the accuracy of the model improves as the number of polynomial terms and connection nodes increases. Furthermore, the proposed method employs analytical modal shapes with minimal degrees of freedom to develop models, achieving exceptional computational efficiency with over 98 % time savings compared to the finite element method. This work provides a new pathway for advancing dynamical modeling methods of plates and enhancing simulation efficiency, with the potential to contribute to the development of active control and aeroelastic analysis techniques in plate-shaped structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112723"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-harmonic homotopy method to experimentally uncover isolated resonances","authors":"Ghislain Raze,&nbsp;Gaëtan Kerschen","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Secondary resonances of nonlinear systems may appear as isolated branches of solutions, challenging their characterization and making them particularly difficult to observe experimentally. This work exploits a two-harmonic homotopy method that leverages two-harmonic forcing as a proxy to connect primary and secondary resonances. An experimental implementation with simple feedback controllers is presented. This approach is then validated with an electronic Duffing oscillator and a doubly clamped beam featuring a distributed geometrical nonlinearity. It is shown to experimentally uncover isolas in both of these examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112670"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotor states of motion estimation using on-shaft MEMS accelerometers","authors":"Dennis Janssens ,&nbsp;Jan Croes ,&nbsp;Claus Claeys ,&nbsp;Frank Naets","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel method for measuring rotational acceleration, speed, and position in industrial applications involving stationary mounted rotating drivelines. The proposed method utilizes shaft-mounted MEMS type accelerometers, while accounting for imperfect mounting, non-matched sensitivity of the sensors, and possible misalignment. By combining linear accelerations from accelerometers mounted on the surface of a rotating driveshaft with a state space model of the rotational states of motion in an extended Kalman filter, the proposed method provides accurate measurements with great flexibility in sensor placement. Next to the method to obtain the states of motion, a calibration strategy is also introduced to deal with often unknown sensor parameters. The data can be transmitted over a slip ring or by wireless transmission, making it a convenient and cost-effective approach for obtaining rotational states of motion in industrial settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112658"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency response data-based feedforward control strategy for ultra-precision tool servo diamond turning of freeform surfaces","authors":"Hao Wu ,&nbsp;YiXuan Meng ,&nbsp;DingKun Meng ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;ZhiWei Zhu ,&nbsp;MingJun Ren ,&nbsp;XinQuan Zhang ,&nbsp;LiMin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tool servo diamond turning faces significant challenges when machining freeform surfaces at relatively high speeds, primarily due to tracking errors caused by the limited bandwidth of the servo axis. Integrating an additional feedforward controller with existing controllers is often necessary to enhance tracking performance. However, the design of a closed-loop inversion-based feedforward controller generally relies on an accurate transfer function of the controlled system, which is frequently compromised by unavoidable modeling errors. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel frequency response data (FRD)-based feedforward control strategy for trajectory modification in tool servo diamond turning. This strategy directly utilizes the FRD to design a flexible-order finite impulse response filter that approximates the inverse behavior of the servo axis. A constrained optimization problem is formulated to obtain a flat amplitude and phase frequency response within the interested bandwidth, with the differential evolution algorithm adopted to determine the optimal filter parameters. Experimental validation on a commercial ultra-precision lathe confirms the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Comparative results reveal a substantial enhancement in the form accuracy of the machined freeform surfaces, achieving a 70% reduction in the PV error and a 96% reduction in the RMS error compared to those obtained without the feedforward controller. The simplicity and efficiency of this strategy make it well-suited for industrial ultra-precision machining applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112706"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subwavelength resolution imaging of ultrasonic total focusing method by decoupling overlapped signals through back propagation neural network","authors":"Li Lin ,&nbsp;Haoyang Shen ,&nbsp;Siqi Shi ,&nbsp;Donghui Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongxin Fu ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The resolution, defined as the ability to distinguish two closely spaced defect, is one key criterion for evaluating ultrasonic imaging systems. The ultimate resolution of ultrasonic images is in the order of wavelength <em>λ</em> due to the Rayleigh criterion. In this paper, a Back Propagation Neural Network-Total Focusing Method (BPNN-TFM) is proposed for achieving subwavelength resolution imaging. In this method, the BPNN is trained to decouple overlapping signals from adjacent defect by predicting the times of arrival (ToAs) of defect waves, and the TFM performs delay-and-sum beamforming. Experimental data is collected through full matrix capture (FMC) from the aluminum alloy specimens that contain adjacent side-drilled holes (SDHs) with central distances ranging from 0.5<em>λ</em> to 1.0<em>λ</em>, and simulation models are established for data augmentation, totaling 54 sets of 55,296 A-scan signals. Twelve multi-domain features, commonly used in ultrasonic testing, are extracted from each A-scan signal as the input of the network. The prediction of ToAs for adjacent SDHs and reconstruction of high-resolution A-scan signals for TFM imaging are sequentially accomplished through BPNN optimized by genetic algorithm. The results demonstrate that the SDHs with a minimum central distance 0.5<em>λ</em> can be identified, and the resolution of BPNN-TFM is superior to the existing super-resolution imaging algorithms. Moreover, Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) is introduced to quantitatively analyze the relationship between twelve features and ToAs, and six high-contribution features are further selected. Finally, based on the simulation data, the ultimate resolution of BPNN-TFM in aluminum alloy is explored, and the applicability of the method is discussed by taking two SDHs with depth aberration and three SDHs arranged horizontally with 0.5<em>λ</em> central distances as case studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 112724"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic antenna based on arbitrarily curved coding metasurface for three-dimensional beamforming","authors":"Xing-Yue Du ,&nbsp;A-Li Chen ,&nbsp;Yue-Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acoustic antennas with arbitrarily curved configurations have demonstrated flexibility and conformal adaptation in many applications, which are difficult to be matched with planar metasurfaces. Avoiding the constraints imposed by the high design cost of complex feed systems for conventional acoustic antennas, we propose here a design approach for coding metasurfaces with arbitrarily curved configurations to realize beamforming in arbitrary directions. The digitalization and programmability of coding notions provides a more convenient and intelligent approach for metasurface design and allows for the flexible modulation of the wavefield with only a limited variety of units. The three-dimensional (3D) far-field radiation form of the arbitrarily curved coding metasurface (ACCM) is derived theoretically, which characterizes the relationship between the expected radiation and coding patterns. The discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm is used as a reverse design channel for the coding patterns to realize the specific wavefield. Full wave simulations for ACCMs are implemented by the finite element method. The influences and advantages of the curved configurations for metasurface are discussed. Experimental verifications are also performed for the ACCM. The results show that the ACCM implements the acoustic wave antenna well by combining the coding concept with the reverse optimization design. The present study provides an important theoretical guidance for design of novel acoustic antenna devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112710"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the SOTIF of the intelligent heavy-duty truck localization module","authors":"Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Le Zhou ,&nbsp;Jialong He ,&nbsp;Chuyan Xu ,&nbsp;Wenwen Chen ,&nbsp;Bang Jin ,&nbsp;Yuxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF) refers to reducing unacceptable risks due to design inadequacies or performance limitations of intelligent systems. The localization module is a crucial component of the intelligent heavy-duty truck (HDT) automated driving (AD) system. Ensuring the SOTIF of this module is very important for HDT. Therefore, this paper conducts an in-depth SOTIF analysis of the localization module by identifying the performance limitations and triggering conditions of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and Global Positioning System (GPS) within the module. Based on this analysis, a SOTIF model for the localization module is proposed. Using the KAIST dataset, abnormal signal injection methods are employed to simulate abnormal data signals caused by sensor performance limitations. The designed SOTIF model is compared with the federated Kalman multi-sensor fusion localization module model. The results demonstrate that the SOTIF model outperforms the federated Kalman multi-sensor fusion model in terms of performance and meets the SOTIF requirements. This is significant for ensuring the SOTIF of the localization modules in AD systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112719"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recurrent neural network-based monitoring system using time-sequential molten pool images in wire arc directed energy deposition","authors":"Fengyang He ,&nbsp;Lei Yuan ,&nbsp;Haochen Mu ,&nbsp;Junle Yang ,&nbsp;Donghong Ding ,&nbsp;Huijun Li ,&nbsp;Zengxi Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Directed energy deposition (DED) is a widely utilized additive manufacturing technique, with wire arc directed energy deposition (WA-DED) being a notable variant, particularly for producing medium to large-sized metal parts in industries such as aerospace and maritime. However, due to the inherent instability of the WA-DED process, even with optimized deposition parameters, subtle internal defects that significantly impact part structural integrity may still occasionally occur. To ensure the quality and reliability of high-end and high-valued parts, developing an effective monitoring system to detect defects and eliminate substandard products is a significant research focus. Thus, this research proposes a novel monitoring system for WA-DED, utilizing recurrent neural network algorithmic structures and time-sequential molten pool images. The system consists of three critical modules: (i) data pre-processing, using fast Fourier transform and low-pass filter for noise reduction; (ii) data augmentation, employing a time-sequential image data augmentation algorithm with vector quantized variational autoencoder (VQVAE) for feature extraction and conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) for generating new datasets; (iii) classifier construction, developing an algorithm based on the convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) algorithmic structure to construct a classifier. The proposed monitoring system demonstrates near real-time performance with an average monitoring latency of approximately 0.02 s per time-sequential image group. The effectiveness of the proposed monitoring system is validated by its application in defect detection within a real-world aircraft winglet part. The defect spectrums of each case are generated based on the detection results, which intuitively show the category and location of the potential defects. The detection accuracies on internal defects and severe defects are 94.25% and 93.76% respectively. The result demonstrates the system’s superior ability to identify various types of defects with high accuracy and reliability in fabricating complex parts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51124,"journal":{"name":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 112733"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}