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Upper semicontinuous utilities for all upper semicontinuous total preorders 所有上半连续总预订量的上半连续效用
IF 0.5 4区 经济学
Mathematical Social Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2025.01.002
Gianni Bosi, Gabriele Sbaiz
{"title":"Upper semicontinuous utilities for all upper semicontinuous total preorders","authors":"Gianni Bosi,&nbsp;Gabriele Sbaiz","doi":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Let <span><math><mi>X</mi></math></span> be an arbitrary nonempty set. Then a topology <span><math><mi>t</mi></math></span> on <span><math><mi>X</mi></math></span> is said to be <em>completely useful</em> (or <em>upper useful</em>) if every upper semicontinuous <em>total</em> preorder <span><math><mo>≾</mo></math></span> on the topological space <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> can be represented by an upper semicontinuous real-valued order-preserving function (i.e., utility function). In this paper the structures of completely useful topologies on <span><math><mi>X</mi></math></span> will be deeply studied and clarified. In particular, completely useful topologies will be characterized through the new notions of super-short and strongly separable topologies. Further, the incorporation of the <em>Souslin Hypothesis</em> and the relevance of these characterizations in mathematical utility theory will be discussed. Finally, various interrelations between the concepts of complete usefulness and other topological concepts that are of interest not only in mathematical utility theory are analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51118,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Social Sciences","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Information-based discrimination 以信息为基础的歧视
IF 0.5 4区 经济学
Mathematical Social Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2025.01.001
Naomi M. Utgoff
{"title":"Information-based discrimination","authors":"Naomi M. Utgoff","doi":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distribution of a single college’s incoming freshman cohort by high school of origin differs from the population distribution of high school seniors (Bernhard, 2013), a fact typically attributed to taste-based or statistical discrimination. This paper models a third explanation which I call <em>information-based discrimination</em>: information asymmetries between a college and high schools incentivize the formation of a relationship between the college and one <em>ex ante</em> randomly selected high school, resulting in <em>de facto</em> discriminatory admissions even in the absence of taste-based and statistical discrimination. I construct an admissions game between one college and <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span> identical in expectation high schools. The game features a perfect Bayesian equilibrium in which the <em>ex ante</em> randomly chosen high school provides truthful information to the college in exchange for future favorable admission treatment. When agents are sufficiently patient, this relationship between the college and the initially randomly chosen high school is sustained in equilibrium. This equilibrium increases overall admissions efficiency relative to but does not Pareto improve on a dominant strategy implementable alternative: the welfare gains accrue entirely to the college and high school in the relationship while harming students from all other high schools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51118,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Social Sciences","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolutionary implementation with partially effective institutions 部分有效制度下的渐进式实施
IF 0.5 4区 经济学
Mathematical Social Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.004
Ratul Lahkar
{"title":"Evolutionary implementation with partially effective institutions","authors":"Ratul Lahkar","doi":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We consider large population models of a public goods game and a tragedy of the commons. A planner applies externality pricing in these models. However, institutions in society are only partially effective. Hence, the externality price does not compel agents to internalize externalities fully. The resulting externality-adjusted game with partially effective institutions is a potential game. Evolutionary dynamics converge to its Nash equilibrium. More effective institutions bring this Nash equilibrium closer to the original Pareto efficient state. We trace the effectiveness of institutions to a primeval Tullock contest over natural resources in society. The society’s institutional structure arises from the contest’s Nash equilibrium. The institutional structure is more inclusive if natural resources in the contest are less appropriable. Institutions are then also more effective in implementing externality pricing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51118,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Social Sciences","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimal top-n policy 最优顶优先策略
IF 0.5 4区 经济学
Mathematical Social Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.001
Isa Hafalir , Siqi Pan , Kentaro Tomoeda
{"title":"Optimal top-n policy","authors":"Isa Hafalir ,&nbsp;Siqi Pan ,&nbsp;Kentaro Tomoeda","doi":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A widely adopted affirmative action policy in the university sector is the “top-<span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span>” policy, where the universities guarantee admission to students in the top <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> fraction of their class from every high school. The efficacy of the top-<span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> policy in university integration has been questioned because students strategically relocate to low-achieving high schools. We show that when minorities are less likely to strategize than others, the policy can even segregate minorities from the target university, compared to the school-blind policy. A suitably chosen eligibility requirement, featuring the minimum time students must spend at a high school in order to be eligible for top-<span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> admissions, can restore the efficacy of this policy. However, the most stringent requirement is not always optimal. The optimal requirement depends on the original distribution of students across high schools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51118,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Social Sciences","volume":"133 ","pages":"Pages 34-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Condorcet domains on at most seven alternatives 孔多塞域在最多七个备选项上
IF 0.5 4区 经济学
Mathematical Social Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.002
Dolica Akello-Egwel , Charles Leedham-Green , Alastair Litterick , Klas Markström , Søren Riis
{"title":"Condorcet domains on at most seven alternatives","authors":"Dolica Akello-Egwel ,&nbsp;Charles Leedham-Green ,&nbsp;Alastair Litterick ,&nbsp;Klas Markström ,&nbsp;Søren Riis","doi":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Condorcet domain is a collection of linear orders which avoid Condorcet’s paradox for majority voting. We have developed a new algorithm for complete enumeration of all maximal Condorcet domains and, using a supercomputer, obtained the first enumeration of all maximal Condorcet domains on <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></math></span> alternatives.</div><div>We investigate properties of these domains and use this study to resolve several open questions regarding Condorcet domains, and propose several new conjectures. Following this we connect our results to other domain types used in voting theory, such a non-dictatorial and strategy-proof domains. All our data are made freely available on the web.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51118,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Social Sciences","volume":"133 ","pages":"Pages 23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
With a little help from my friends: Essentiality vs opportunity in group criticality 在我朋友的帮助下：在群体临界性中，必要性vs机会
IF 0.5 4区 经济学
Mathematical Social Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.004
M. Aleandri, M. Dall’Aglio
{"title":"With a little help from my friends: Essentiality vs opportunity in group criticality","authors":"M. Aleandri,&nbsp;M. Dall’Aglio","doi":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We define a notion of the criticality of a player for simple monotone games based on cooperation with other players, either to form a winning coalition or to break a winning one, with an essential role for all the players involved. We compare it with the notion of differential criticality given by Beisbart that measures power as the opportunity left by other players.</div><div>We prove that our proposal satisfies an extension of the strong monotonicity introduced by Young, assigns no power to null players, does not reward free riders, and can easily be computed from the minimal winning and blocking coalitions. An application to the Italian elections is presented.</div><div>Our analysis shows that the measures of group criticality defined so far cannot weigh essential players while only remaining an opportunity measure. We propose a group opportunity test to reconcile the two views.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51118,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Social Sciences","volume":"133 ","pages":"Pages 13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robots and humans: The role of fiscal and monetary policies in an endogenous growth model 机器人与人类：财政和货币政策在内生增长模型中的作用
IF 0.5 4区 经济学
Mathematical Social Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.005
Óscar Afonso , Elena Sochirca , Pedro Cunha Neves
{"title":"Robots and humans: The role of fiscal and monetary policies in an endogenous growth model","authors":"Óscar Afonso ,&nbsp;Elena Sochirca ,&nbsp;Pedro Cunha Neves","doi":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we develop an endogenous growth model to analyze how fiscal and monetary policies can manage the macroeconomic effects of the robotization process. We consider that unskilled labor can be replaced by robots and that: <em>(i)</em> the government collects tax revenues to invest in social capital and compensate those who lose their jobs; <em>(ii)</em> there is monetary policy with cash-in-advance restrictions; <em>(iii)</em> social capital contributes to increasing technological-knowledge progress. Our results confirm that robotization stimulates economic growth, but contributes to widening wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. We show that, under specific circumstances, an expansionary monetary policy or a more progressive taxation can attenuate such widening effect. We also show that public investment in social capital and public transfers to those who lose their jobs play a crucial role in attenuating the negative consequences of rising unemployment caused by robotization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51118,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Social Sciences","volume":"133 ","pages":"Pages 49-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The morality of markets. A critique 市场的道德。批判
IF 0.5 4区 经济学
Mathematical Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.003
Grégory Ponthière , Nicolas Stevens
{"title":"The morality of markets. A critique","authors":"Grégory Ponthière ,&nbsp;Nicolas Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dewatripont and Tirole (2024) defend the morality of markets on the ground of an irrelevance result: the social production of moral actions is independent from competitive pressure on markets. No matter how strong competitive pressure is, markets perform well in diffusing signals about moral values and in coordinating suppliers of moral actions. In this article, we argue, on the contrary, that markets lead to a double crowding out of moral values: first, imperfect transmission of moral values on markets leads to an underproduction of moral actions despite the presence of highly ethical suppliers; second, competitive pressure on markets favors the eviction of highly ethical suppliers by less ethical suppliers. Furthermore, we highlight that this double crowding-out restricts the normative scope of the irrelevance result, and raises the question of what the division of moral labor should be between citizens, firms and States.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51118,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Social Sciences","volume":"134 ","pages":"Pages 14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stability and optimal double auction design for a two-sided market 双边市场的稳定性与最优双拍卖设计
IF 0.5 4区 经济学
Mathematical Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.003
Aditya Vikram
{"title":"Stability and optimal double auction design for a two-sided market","authors":"Aditya Vikram","doi":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the stability of internet platform trading mechanisms using the notion of ex-ante incentive compatible core defined by Forges et al. (2002) in the context of an exchange economy. A mechanism can be blocked by a single buyer and seller pair if they can find an interim incentive-compatible trading mechanism that gives them higher ex-ante expected utilities. Standard double auction mechanisms like the trade reduction mechanism and McAfee double auction mechanism may not be single-buyer–single-seller (SBSS) ex-ante stable. We characterize interim incentive-compatible, interim individually-rational, symmetric and revenue-maximizing mechanisms that are SBSS ex-ante stable using methods in Myerson and Satterthwaite (1983).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51118,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Social Sciences","volume":"133 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Consistent conjectures in dynamic matching markets 动态匹配市场中的一致猜想
IF 0.5 4区 经济学
Mathematical Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.002
Laura Doval , Pablo Schenone
{"title":"Consistent conjectures in dynamic matching markets","authors":"Laura Doval ,&nbsp;Pablo Schenone","doi":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We provide a framework to study stability notions for two-sided dynamic matching markets in which matching is one-to-one and irreversible. The framework gives center stage to the set of matchings an agent anticipates would ensue should they remain unmatched, which we refer to as the agent’s <em>conjectures</em>. A collection of conjectures, together with a pairwise stability and individual rationality requirement given the conjectures, defines a solution concept for the economy. We identify a sufficient condition — <em>consistency</em> — for a family of conjectures to lead to a nonempty solution (cf. Hafalir, 2008). As an application, we introduce two families of consistent conjectures and their corresponding solution concepts: continuation-value-respecting dynamic stability, and the extension to dynamic markets of the solution concept in Hafalir (2008), sophisticated dynamic stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51118,"journal":{"name":"Mathematical Social Sciences","volume":"132 ","pages":"Pages 114-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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