Maternal and Child Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Adaptation of the Remote Food Photography Method to Assess Infant Intake During Bottle-Feeding of Ready-to-Feed Formula.","authors":"Bhagya L Narayanan, Jonathan D Ventura, Alison K Ventura","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bottle-fed infants are at a higher risk for obesity, yet interventions to modify bottle-feeding patterns have shown limited success. Accurate assessment of bottle-feeding patterns is an important basis for targeted interventions. Caregiver reports are susceptible to bias, highlighting the need for more robust methods. One promising approach is the Remote Food Photography Method (RFPM), which involves analysis of digital photographs to objectively assess intake. The purpose of this study was to adapt RFPM to measure the amount of ready-to-feed formula in bottles. Research assistants took digital photographs of bottles with varying amounts of formula and assessed bottle weight to create a predictive model data set (n = 100) and an external validation data set (n = 100). Image processing software was used to determine the area of formula in pixels. Formula area was regressed on actual bottle weight and the resulting regression parameters were used to calculate estimated bottle weights. Predictive models were validated by applying them to the external validation data set. Within the predictive model data set, the mean difference between estimated and actual bottle weight was equivalent within ±10% equivalence bounds (0.0005 g [90% CI, -0.45, 0.45]). Within the external validation data set, the mean difference between estimated and actual bottle weight was also equivalent within ±10% equivalence bounds (-17.0 g [90% CI, -18.85, -15.17]). Findings were similar when bottle weight was converted to calories. In sum, the present study provided preliminary evidence for the feasibility and accuracy of an adapted RFPM to assess changes in the amount and caloric content of ready-to-feed formula in bottles.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e70016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children at Risk: The Growing Impact of USAID Cuts on Pediatric Malnutrition and Death Rates.","authors":"Zainab Anfaal, Muneeb Khawar, Javed Iqbal, Shree Rath","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e70028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Gestational Weight Status and Offspring Physical Growth Status at Birth, Mid-Childhood and Early Adolescence.","authors":"Yingze Zhu, Jialu Li, Liang Wang, Qi Qi, Shaoru Li, Yue Cheng, Danmeng Liu, Lingxia Zeng, Zhonghai Zhu","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal adiposity has been identified as a predictor of child overweight/obesity; however, it remains unclear whether the association changes as the child ages. We aimed to examine the associations between maternal weight status during pregnancy and offspring physical growth from birth to early adolescence using data from a birth cohort study in rural western China. Maternal weight measurements during the first, second and third trimesters were used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) rate, and then were classified following the Institute of Medicine recommendation. Offspring length/height and weight were measured at birth, mid-childhood (age 7-10 years) and early adolescence (age 10-14 years) and converted into z-scores using the INTERGROWTH-21st and WHO standards, respectively. Generalized linear models were applied to examine the associations of maternal BMI and GWG with offspring BMI-for-age and sex (BAZ) and length-/height-for-age and sex z-score (LAZ/HAZ) at birth, mid-childhood and early adolescence, respectively, adjusting for potential confounders. Among 411 mother-offspring pairs (62% boys), higher maternal BMI during the first trimester was associated with increased offspring BAZ at birth (adjusted mean differences [aMD]: 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.001-0.14), mid-childhood (aMD 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05-0.14) and early adolescence (aMD 0.11, 95% CI: 0.05-0.17). Maternal excessive GWG was associated with higher HAZ in early adolescence (aMD 0.44; 95% CI: 0.17-0.69). The strongest point estimate of maternal gestational weight status on offspring physical growth emerged in early adolescence, suggesting the potential age-dependent amplifying impact. Additionally, updated GWG guidelines should consider regional characteristics and long-term offspring growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e70015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving Research and Advocacy for Healthy Infant and Toddler Diets: The Infant and Toddler Foods Research Alliance.","authors":"Alexandra Chung, Jennifer McCann, Emma Esdaile, Naomi Hull, Andrea Schmidtke, Sally MacKay, Penelope Love, Rachel Laws, Catharine A K Fleming","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early childhood (0-36 months) is a critical time for the development of healthy dietary behaviours. This paper describes the establishment of the Infant and Toddler Foods Research Alliance in Australia and New Zealand, along with the development of the Alliance's priorities to guide research and advocacy activities for improved nutrition, health and well-being outcomes in early childhood. The multi-disciplinary Alliance includes a membership of academics, practitioners and advocates working in the fields of infant and toddler food and nutrition across Australia and New Zealand. The Alliance undertook a priority setting process across a series of member meetings with identified priorities subsequently refined by a core membership working group. Three priority themes, along with three cross-cutting impact areas were identified. The priority themes include commercial foods and milks for infants and toddlers; health and care settings and systems; and support for parents and carers. The cross-cutting impact areas include building evidence, translating evidence, and advocacy. This provides a framework to guide research, practice and advocacy, identify research gaps, and advance action to improve nutrition, health and well-being outcomes for infants and toddlers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Personality Traits, Self-Efficacy and Complementary Feeding Behavior Among Infant Caregivers in Western Rural China.","authors":"Xinru Zhou, Yiran Tian, Zhengjie Cai, Linhua Li, Yuju Wu, Guo Zeng, Jieyuan Feng, Scott Rozelle, Hein Raat, Huan Zhou","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of psychological factors on complementary feeding behavior have been widely described, yet the mechanisms underlying the complex relationships among personality traits, self-efficacy, and complementary feeding behavior remain unclear. This cross-sectional study was conducted using a multi-stage cluster sampling process to select caregiver-child dyads in Western rural China. Personality traits, self-efficacy, and complementary feeding behavior were evaluated respectively. Both multiple logistic regression and Bayesian network structure (BNs) were used to explore these associations. A total of 787 caregiver-child dyads were enrolled. Results from multiple logistic regression indicated that caregivers with medium (OR = 2.05, p < 0.001) or high (OR = 1.58, p = 0.04) levels of extraversion, as well as those with high self-efficacy recording complementary feeding (OR = 2.08, p < 0.001), significantly increased the likelihood of meeting the criteria for the Infant and Child Feeding Index (ICFI) qualification. Further, BNs were employed to elucidate the pathways of influence, revealing a direct association between the caregiver's level of extraversion, level of self-efficacy and the ICFI. Additionally, the analysis indicated that a caregiver's openness indirectly influenced the ICFI through its influence on self-efficacy regarding complementary feeding. This is one of few studies exploring associations between personality traits, self-efficacy, and complementary feeding behavior. The study highlights the importance of understanding individual differences in caregiving and suggests that interventions should focus on enhancing caregivers' self-efficacy, rather than solely targeting personality traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e70021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) to Improve Child Feeding and Use of Indigenous Preserved Foods in Drought-Affected Kenya: Considerations for Climate Shocks.","authors":"Everlyn Matiri, Lacey Ramirez, Abdinasir Elmi, Joseph Gaithuma, Rachel Kavithe, Martin Waweru, Margaret Kahiga, Justine A Kavle","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This program assessment explored the use of indigenous preserved animal-source foods to improve complementary feeding practices, to identify the roles of mothers, fathers, and elder women in supporting infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and to develop recommendations for program implementation. The Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) approach, food frequency, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions methodologies were used to collect information on complementary feeding and use of indigenous preserved animal-source foods during a program assessment. Data was collected during Round 1-dry season and Round 2-prolonged drought. Sixty in-depth interviews were carried out with mothers of children 6-23 months of age, 12 elder women, and six focus groups with 26 fathers for a total of 98 program participants in pastoral communities in Marsabit and Isiolo Counties, Kenya. Program sites were affected by limited access and availability of animal-source foods and worsened household food insecurity. Nearly all mothers introduced camel milk, often fed raw, as a first food, before 1 year of age. Preserved meat and milk products were often prohibited or fed to older children due to cultural beliefs and norms. Most mothers experienced greater success in implementing TIPs recommendations during Round 1 versus Round 2 and stopped chewing food for the child, gave preserved meat, and fed eggs. Gendered divisions of labor and social norms around roles of fathers, elder women and mothers can hinder IYCF. Future programming should plan for climate-induced shocks, including amplifying indigenous food preservation and addressing gender and social norms to improve IYCF.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e70018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Children's Experiences and Perceptions of Their School Food Environment Influence Their Food-Related Decisions In-School in Urban Ghana.","authors":"Akua Tandoh, Michelle Holdsworth, Richmond Aryeetey, Charles Agyemang, Amos Laar","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>School food environments play an important role in shaping children's food-related decisions, including where and what foods to acquire and consume on a school day. In Ghana, evidence indicates that food environments in and around schools may limit healthy food acquisition and consumption behaviour. This study aimed to understand how children's experiences and perceptions of their school food environment influence food acquisition and consumption decisions. Data from 18 focus group discussions with children (n = 157; aged 10-17 years) attending Public Basic Schools in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana were analysed, guided by the African urban food environment framework for creating healthy nutrition policies and interventions. Children's food decisions in school were found to be influenced by experiences and perceptions at multiple food environment levels: macro, physical and social levels in combination with individual-level factors. At the macro level, exposure to food advertisements on television emerged as an influence on food-related decisions. At the physical level, experiences and perceptions of environmental sanitation, food vendor hygiene practices, affordability, and food quality were consistently reported to influence decisions. Social-level experiences including influence from friends/peers, family (mostly caregivers/parents) and social qualities of food vendors also shaped food-related decisions. Caregiver/parental dietary advice was often linked to healthier acquisition and consumption decisions by children in school. The findings highlight the need for actions that work in synergy across multiple levels of the school food environment to create conditions that support children to acquire and consume healthier diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e70011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Era for Maternal and Child Nutrition Implementation Science Research and Program Evaluation","authors":"Rafael Pérez-Escamilla,&nbsp;Victoria H. Moran","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/mcn.70012","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Since its inception 2005, &lt;i&gt;Maternal &amp; Child Nutrition&lt;/i&gt; has prided itself on having been at the forefront of publishing high-quality studies based on innovative mixed implementation science methods. This issue includes a special section on lessons learned from the Alive &amp; Thrive (A&amp;T) initiative implemented in low- and middle-income countries located in south and southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa to improve infant, young child, and adolescent nutrition (MIYCAN) outcomes. During 2009 and 2014, A&amp;T developed and implemented MIYCAN interventions at scale in three countries and subsequently expanded its work to six country-specific and two regional programs, to address maternal and adolescent nutrition in the context of agriculture and social protection programs (Frongillo et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The A&amp;T evidence presented in the special section of this issue and elsewhere (e.g., Menon et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Kim et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;, Sanghvi et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;; Siekmans et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) highlights the great contributions that the field of implementation science in nutrition (Tumilowicz et al. &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;) has made in improving our understanding of best practices to scale up MIYCAN programs so that they are cost-effective and sustainable in the context of complex adaptive systems (Paina and Peters &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). This body of work leaves little doubt that effective and sustainable programs with potential for dissemination require transparent and inclusive stakeholder engagement and advocacy, and clear goals from the start to guide policy, program codesign, impact pathways, costing and financing, and quality assurance based on mixed methods process and impact evaluations, and sound technical assistance. Furthermore, this work collectively illustrates the need to guide the program codesign with sound person and family centered social and behavioral change theories and systems frameworks rooted in equity principles. These conclusions align with other MIYCAN programs such as the &lt;i&gt;Suaahara&lt;/i&gt; project in Nepal (Frongillo et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), the &lt;i&gt;Becoming Breastfeeding Initiative&lt;/i&gt; that has supported the development and implementation of national breastfeeding programs in 10 countries across five world regions (Pérez-Escamilla et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), and large-scale micronutrient initiatives (Reerink et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The publication of this special section signals the end of one of the richest implementation science experiences in MIYCAF. The A&amp;T initiative has indeed generated a wealth of knowledge of scale up within countries and program dissemination across countries (i.e., scale out). Furthermore, it provides key case studies for understanding how program adaptations need to be implemented and monitored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moving forward it is key for researchers and program evaluators to continue expanding this work, adding more depth to ou","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/mcn.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Behavioral Change Communication Strategy Coupled With Small-Quantity Lipid-Based or Micro-Nutrient Supplements on Stunting and Obesity in Children in Baja Verapaz, Guatemala: Results From a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Carolina Gonzalez Acero, Sebastian Martinez, Ana Perez-Exposito, Solis Winters","doi":"10.1111/mcn.13802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The co-existence of childhood stunting and obesity is a public health problem in Guatemala and Latin America. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of unsweetened small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) coupled with a behavior change communication (BCC) strategy on the double burden of malnutrition. We conducted a three-arm randomized-control trial with two-stage cluster sampling of households with children under 4.5 months or a mother in the third trimester of pregnancy at baseline from 76 communities in Baja-Verapaz, Guatemala. Some 1268 households were randomly assigned to SQ-LNS or micronutrient powders (MNPs) paired with a multilevel participatory-ludic BCC strategy, or to MNPs only. Measures of mothers' nutrition knowledge and practices were collected at baseline and endline. Children's height, weight, and hemoglobin concentration were measured at endline. Treatment effects were estimated using regression models. The BCC strategy boosted caregiver nutrition knowledge from 4.2 (95% CI: 2.7, 5.7) to 4.6 percentage points (95% CI: 3.1, 6.1). Significant effects on nutrition practices of 3.0 percentage points (95% CI: 1.2, 4.8) were found only for caregivers with children receiving SQ-LNS. We found no detectable treatment effects on stunting or anemia. However, children exposed to SQ-LNS and the BCC strategy were 2.6 percentage points (95% CI: -5.0, -0.2) less likely to be overweight or obese (54.1% lower than the group receiving MNPs only). An intervention coupling a multilevel participatory-ludic BCC strategy with the use of unsweetened SQ-LNS holds promise for the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity, yet complementary interventions are required to address non-nutritional factors related to stunting in Guatemala.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e13802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bringing Child Health Closer to Families: Lessons From a Family MUAC Intervention in Urban and Rural South Africa.","authors":"Christiane Horwood, Sphindile Mapumulo, Silondile Luthuli, Zandile Kubeka, Nireshnee Reddy, Gilbert Tshitaudzi, Tshifiwa Mashamba, Nomonde Motshoeneng, Lyn Haskins","doi":"10.1111/mcn.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mid-upper-arm circumference measurement (MUAC) is a simple, cost-effective approach to identify wasting in children. The Family MUAC intervention supported community health workers (CHWs) to mentor mothers and child caregivers to measure their children's MUAC at home. Sixty-four CHWs participated in seven sites in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine caregivers' ability to measure MUAC correctly and regularly. Ten households were randomly selected from household lists provided by each CHW. Fieldworkers collected data about the household, all children aged 6 months to 5 years living there and assessed caregiver's knowledge and skills in MUAC measurement. Data were collected in 521 households (Gauteng 201; KZN 351); 560 mothers/caregivers, (Gauteng 207; KZN 353) and 703 children (Gauteng 235; KZN 468) participated. Gauteng sites were high-density urban with small families in informal houses with access to water and sanitation, compared to rural KZN with larger households and poor water and sanitation access. Low household income and household food insecurity was the norm across all sites. In KZN a higher proportion of mothers/caregivers had received Family MUAC training compared to Gauteng (256/353; 72.5% vs. 93/270; 34.4%, p < 0001). Most trained mothers/caregivers achieved competency (263/349; 75.3%); this was significantly higher in KZN compared to Gauteng (215/256; 83.9% vs. 48/93; 51.6%; p < 0.001). Mothers/caregivers of 126/703 (17.9%) children recorded MUAC for ≥ 6 months (KZN 116/468, 24.8%; Gauteng 10/235, 4.3%). When designing community-based interventions for hard-to-reach communities it is important to address context-specific challenges to achieve sustainable high coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":51112,"journal":{"name":"Maternal and Child Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"e70005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}