Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications最新文献

{"title":"From 3D culture to clinical decision-making: Systematic innovations in breast cancer organoids","authors":"Mingyu Hu ,&nbsp;Chenxin Zhou ,&nbsp;Mei Li ,&nbsp;Jiyuan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is a malignant tumour with high heterogeneity. Traditional research models rely mainly on 2D cell culture and patient-derived tumour xenografts (PDXs). However, these models have limited use in clinical trials because of their shortcomings in mimicking the tumour microenvironment and preserving the genetic background. In recent years, organoids, emerging models capable of self-organizing to form 3D structures in vitro, have become key tools for overcoming the traditional dilemma and are promising alternatives for breast cancer research. This review integrates cutting-edge technologies such as organ-on-a-chip and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to summarize the multidimensional generation strategy of breast cancer organoids and discusses the clinical value of translation from diagnosis to therapy. Compared with existing studies, this review provides a systematic solution from “model generation” to “precision medicine” for breast cancer research, and the hope is that this review will pave the way for the further development of organoids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214528"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Siloxane nanocomposite coating for temporalis muscle: Preventing adhesions and promoting aesthetic repair after decompressive craniectomy.","authors":"Haopeng Zhang, Xinyu Gao, Binbin Gui, Wei Zhang, Dahui Xue, Xun Xu, Yuerong Shi, Sen Wang, Shengji Ma, Yingjie Shen, Jie Zhang, Zhao Yu, Xi Zhang, Shang Gao, Xiangtong Zhang, Lili Liu, Bin Kong, Hongsheng Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a commonly used life-saving neurosurgical procedure but always accompanied by a severe case of temporalis damage and even adhesions with the dura mater, which may lead to irreparable serious consequences. A suitable material for repairing the damage and preventing adhesions is urgently needed. However, existing materials mostly struggle to meet the clinical demands. In this paper, we introduce a novel siloxane nanocomposite: Ag-Quercetin-Polysiloxane (AQS), to effectively avoid the irreparable serious consequences caused by the cases after DC. AQS has many excellent properties, including flexibility, hydrophobicity, recyclability, low cost, and especially the anti-inflammatory and broad-spectrum antibacterial. Comprehensive experiments were conducted to verify the critical role of AQS, demonstrating a superiority of the AQS in various aspects. In vitro experiments, AQS possessed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, effective anti-adhesion properties against multiple cell lines, and the slow-release profile of Ag and quercetin. In vivo experiments, AQS effectively prevented adhesions between the temporalis muscle and dura mater, reduced pro-inflammatory IL-6 secretion, increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 and pro-healing PCNA production, thereby promoted temporalis remodeling. Furthermore, AQS exhibited excellent biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo experiments. This nanocomposite may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for addressing the repairment and adhesion problems of temporalis muscle following DC.</p>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"180 ","pages":"214525"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strontium-cerium surface functionalization of titanium scaffold: unlocking the potential of element incorporation for bone implant application.","authors":"Ann Mary Mathew, Sreya P V, Kalimuthu Vignesh, Chandran Manimegalai Swathi, Balamuthu Kadalmani, Deepak K Pattanayak","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focused on developing Strontium (Sr) and Cerium (Ce), dual-element incorporated nanonetwork structured titania layered surface over titanium (Ti) metal for enhanced biocompatibility. Here, by utilizing the alkali-mediated surface modification approach, both elements were successfully incorporated into the Ti metal surface, as evidenced by SEM-EDX and further confirmed by XPS and HR-TEM analysis. Improved surface morphology, hydrophilicity, surface roughness, and surface phase formation were also examined using FE-SEM images, WCA measurements, AFM analysis, and laser Raman spectroscopy to verify the role of this surface modification approach in augmenting the surface characteristics. SrCe incorporated surfaces demonstrated antibacterial activity against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and were also evaluated for their in vitro cytocompatibility towards MG-63 cells and in vivo osseointegration properties in the rat (Rattus norvegicus) model. Better cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, non-cytotoxicity, protein adsorption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and extracellular matrix mineralization of the dual element incorporated surface further favoured the improved bone formation over the modified 3D printed scaffolds compared to the unmodified. In vivo assessments in the rat-tibial-defect model by radiographic, micro-CT imaging, and RT-PCR-based osteogenic marker genes expression profiles further highlighted improved bone regeneration and osseointegration at the modified surface. Thus, the combinatorial effect of surface-incorporated Ce and Sr ions over the Ti could be beneficial in advancing its potential for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"180 ","pages":"214529"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injectable smart hydrogel with dual pH/thermal responsiveness: A PCL–PEG–PCL/niosome synergistic platform for precision drug delivery","authors":"Fereshteh Davarpanah ,&nbsp;Javad Safari ,&nbsp;Elahe Masaeli","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving site-specific, on-demand drug release in response to physiological stimuli remains a critical hurdle in precision medicine. In this study, we introduce a smart, injectable nanocomposite hydrogel that combines thermoresponsive behavior with a degradation-triggered pH-responsive mechanism to enable precise and controlled therapeutic delivery. This platform is based on poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethyleneglycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCEC) hydrogel matrix, <em>co</em>-loaded with dexamethasone (DEX) and ZnO nanoparticles encapsulated in niosomes (N/DEX/ZnO). The PCEC hydrogel, synthesized through ring-opening polymerization, exhibited thermoresponsive <em>in situ</em> gelation at physiological temperature, enabling formation of a stable depot at the injection site. Critically, the slow degradation of the hydrophobic, semicrystalline PCEC matrix (∼37 % over one month) produced a localized drop in pH (from 7.4 to ∼5.5), shifting the microenvironment from neutral (pH 7.4) to acidic (approximately pH 5.5). This localized acidification triggered ZnO nanoparticle dissolution, which in turn enabled a controlled, pH-sensitive release of drug from the niosomal carriers. <em>In vitro</em> release studies demonstrated a significantly enhanced cumulative release of DEX under acidic conditions, characterized by a biphasic release profile. Cell viability assays using human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells confirmed excellent cytocompatibility, with cell viability exceeding 85 % after 24 h of exposure. Additionally, <em>in vivo</em> subcutaneous administration of both PCEC and N/DEX/ZnO@PCEC hydrogels resulted in robust gel formation and favorable histopathological outcomes, with no significant inflammatory responses detected. Collectively, these findings highlight this smart, injectable hydrogel platform as a promising candidate for localized, sustained, and feedback-responsive drug delivery in therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214527"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TNF-α driven inflammation in bone tissues using an anatomical- and bio-integrated hydroxyapatite-enriched spongy-like hydrogel 3D model","authors":"Ana R. Bastos ,&nbsp;Lucília P. da Silva ,&nbsp;Diana Soares da Costa ,&nbsp;Rui L. Reis ,&nbsp;Vitor M. Correlo","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inflammatory bone diseases like osteoporosis affect over 200 million people globally, yet the mechanisms by which acute inflammation progresses to chronic remain poorly understood. To address this, we developed an in vitro 3D cortical-sponge bone model of acute inflammation by introducing TNF-α. The model consists of GG-HAp spongy-like hydrogels with osteoblasts from human mesenchymal stem cells (HBM-MSCs) in an outer compartment, and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells plus supporting HBM-MSCs in an inner compartment, mimicking cortical and trabecular bone, respectively. Acute inflammation was induced by TNF-α supplementation (1, 10, or 100 ng/mL) over 7 days, and its impact on vascular assembly, osteogenesis, and inflammation was evaluated via RT-PCR, luminex and ELISA. TNF-α did not affect cell viability and minimally affected angiogenic factors release. However, 100 ng/mL of TNF-α significantly reduced type I collagen, specifically to 53 % at 3 days and to 82 % at 7 days. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1, and M-CSF) gene expression and protein release were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner. For instance, 100 ng/mL of TNF-α increased IL-6 gene expression by 2.96 ± 2.38-fold at 3 days and 5.69 ± 3.09-fold at 7 days. Interestingly, 100 ng/mL of TNF-α declined IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α protein release from 3 to 7 days, indicating a proper resolution of the acute inflammatory response, mimicking the healing phase in bone repair. Overall, this model replicates acute inflammatory events in bone tissue, providing a quantitative platform to study TNF-α-driven bone dynamics and to evaluate targeted interventions, including anti-TNF-α therapies for osteoporosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214526"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbohydrate polymers in cancer theranostics: Smart solutions for advanced diagnosis and therapy","authors":"Preeti Rajesh ,&nbsp;Harsimran Kaur ,&nbsp;Vishal Ahuja ,&nbsp;Deepak Sharma ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Abdi","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The versatility and chemical flexibility of polymeric carbohydrates have significantly advanced the field of cancer therapy and theranostics. The controlled release, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of these polymers are currently being researched intensively for their utility in targeted drug delivery systems for the treatment of breast and colon cancer, among others. Due to their abundance, low <em>in vivo</em> toxicity, and amenability to functionalization, these polymers are becoming more and more popular as therapeutic nanoparticles and as nanoplatforms for simultaneous drug delivery and imaging. Functionalized carbohydrate polymers can improve the accuracy of cancer detection using molecular imaging methods. The fusion of imaging modalities with drug delivery systems enables a controlled and targeted release of drugs, hence improving therapeutic efficacy with fewer side effects. The inherent immunomodulatory property of such systems also enables modulation of immune cell function and restoration of the tumor microenvironment, hence facilitating anti-cancer immunity. Through stimulus-responsive mechanisms, advanced polymeric systems can respond to the specific conditions within individual tumors, enhancing cancer treatment efficacy. Advances in glycobiology and nanotechnology have improved the potential of carbohydrate polymers, and identified as potential candidates for next-generation cancer theranostics. Future research and translation of findings to clinical applications will likely result in more personalized and effective ways of treating cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214522"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a fully biodegradable and biomimetic epicardial patch providing synergic physico-chemical, mechanical and electrical cues for myocardial infarction therapy","authors":"Caterina Cristallini ,&nbsp;Daniela Rossin ,&nbsp;Niccoletta Barbani ,&nbsp;Roberto Vanni ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Labardi ,&nbsp;Cheherazade Trouki ,&nbsp;Silvia Burchielli ,&nbsp;Claudia Kusmic ,&nbsp;Domiziana Terlizzi ,&nbsp;Francesca Sergi ,&nbsp;Chiara Bulgheresi ,&nbsp;Dawid Rossino ,&nbsp;Erika Fiorino ,&nbsp;Matteo Aubry ,&nbsp;Marco Lo Iacono ,&nbsp;Sadia Perveen ,&nbsp;Giorgia Scarpellino ,&nbsp;Luca Munaron ,&nbsp;Sara Amorim ,&nbsp;Ricardo A. Pires ,&nbsp;Claudia Giachino","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intrinsic limitation of myocardial tissue to self-repair after damage underscores the need for innovative approaches in addressing cardiac tissue damage post-myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to develop an acellular, bioartificial, microstructured and electroconductive patch (PGF) made of poly(lactic-<em>co</em>-glycolic acid) (PLGA), Gelatin, and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF), to foster post-MI endogenous cardiac healing capabilities. The self-assembling semi-conductive peptide Fmoc-FF was introduced to reduce the electrical impedance of the polymer components while maintaining the complete biodegradation of the patch. Unexpectedly, the electroconductive component was found to increase the patch microstructure stability, improve cardiomyoblast elongation, augment stromal cell differentiation and sustain Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) beating for at least 30 days. The main outcome was demonstrated <em>in vivo</em>, where epicardial implantation of the PGF patch in a rat model of ischaemia-reperfusion promoted significant cardiac tissue repair: this was evidenced by preservation of the myocardial tissue, reduced fibrosis, and recruitment of endogenous c-Kit+ cells. This newly implemented patch configuration promotes efficient myocardial healing, offering a promising therapeutic approach for infarcted patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214523"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A biomimetic approach to skin-targeted drug delivery: A perspective on mesoporous silica–polysaccharide hybrids for regenerative cosmeceuticals","authors":"Noor Ul Ain ,&nbsp;Bilqees Hussain ,&nbsp;Qura tul Ain ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ramzan ,&nbsp;Bibimaryam Khan ,&nbsp;Farid Menaa","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Skin disorders such as acne and photoaging arise from intersecting biological processes including microbial imbalance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix degradation. Conventional therapies often provide partial or short-term relief while carrying risks of irritation or resistance. A promising alternative lies in biomimetic systems that integrate mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with herbal polysaccharides. MSNs offer structural tunability, high loading capacity, and controlled release, while polysaccharides contribute intrinsic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and regenerative properties. When combined, these hybrids function as adaptive carriers and bioactive agents, capable of reinforcing skin repair and hydration while attenuating pathological signaling. By aligning nanostructured design with natural bioactivity, MSN–polysaccharide systems represent a forward-looking strategy for regenerative cosmeceuticals, bridging traditional therapeutics and precision nanotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214524"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen generating magnesium peroxide nanoparticles by in-situ catalytic reaction with nano‑manganese oxide promote rapid healing of chronic diabetic wounds","authors":"Rajdeep Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Pragya Pallavi ,&nbsp;Bajrang Bajrang ,&nbsp;Snehasish Mandal ,&nbsp;Lipi Pradhan ,&nbsp;Malay Nayak ,&nbsp;Sudip Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wound healing is a natural physiological reaction to tissue damage/injury, which involves a complex process between various cells, cytokines, and the vascular system. Chronic diabetic wounds take several weeks to months to heal due to persistent hypoxia and elevated inflammation. Herein, we developed a nanococktail of magnesium peroxide and manganese oxide (MgO₂ + MnO₂) to promote <em>in</em>-<em>situ</em> catalytic generation of therapeutic levels of oxygen (O₂) for rapid wound-healing in mouse models. <em>In vitro</em> studies showed the ability to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) following the treatment of the nanococktail. They were biocompatible <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> in the chicken embryonic model at a therapeutic dose. The controlled oxygen generation from MgO₂ by the <em>in</em>-<em>situ</em> nanocatalysis using MnO₂ was utilized to promote rapid wound healing within 7 days in a normal wound model in the BALB/C and 11 days in a chronic diabetic wound model in the C57BL/6 mouse. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a synergistic MgO₂ + MnO₂ nanococktail design that provides unique advantages over single-component systems by achieving both functional and mechanistic novelty through a dual-stage oxygen generation process. Importantly, the MgO₂ + MnO₂ nanococktail exhibited significantly higher and sustained oxygen release compared to the widely studied conventional peroxidase system, thereby providing a superior therapeutic benefit for promoting tissue regenerating application in diabetic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214521"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage-targeted black phosphorus nanocomposites inhibit renal fibrosis by disrupting the oxidative stress-inflammation cycle and improving fatty acid metabolism","authors":"Min Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Yiyun Song ,&nbsp;Yue Xie,&nbsp;Mingcun Hu,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Chun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major clinical challenge due to its high prevalence and mortality rates. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of specific targeted intervention drugs available at present. Renal fibrosis is a primary contributor to the persistent advancement of CKD. Here, the inflammatory response chain triggered by macrophages and the progression of oxidative stress construct a vicious cycle that significantly exacerbates fibrosis progression. Therefore, specific targeted intervention in the cyclic feedback is of significant clinical importance for curbing fibrosis progression and improving CKD. In this study, we focus on targeted precision intervention of renal fibrosis using black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) as carriers. By loading FK228, a product from our previous research, on the surface and modifying the outer layer with phosphatidylserine (PS), we achieve high specificity targeting and accumulation in the kidneys during the CKD process. The PS anchors to phosphatidylserine receptors on the surface of macrophages within the kidney, efficiently reacting to overloaded ROS in macrophages, inhibiting the progression of oxidative stress and exacerbation of inflammatory storms. Subsequently, the carrier decomposes to release the HDAC-specific small molecule inhibitor FK228, further blocking fibrosis progression, thereby effectively improving CKD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51111,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 214520"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}