Journal of Sexual Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for sexual concerns during menopause: evaluation of a four session protocol.","authors":"Sheryl M Green, Melissa Furtado, Alison K Shea, Elena C Ballantyne, David L Streiner, Benicio N Frey, Randi E McCabe","doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexual concerns are reported by 43%-82.5% of peri- and post-menopausal women and negatively impact physical and emotional well-being. Despite the high prevalence and negative impact, treatment options are limited, particularly those which are non-pharmacological.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The primary objective of this pilot trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel four-session individual Cognitive Behavioural Therapy protocol for improving sexual functioning (CBT-SC-Meno) during peri- and post-menopause. Secondary objectives included assessing body image, relationship satisfaction, and common menopause symptoms (eg, vasomotor), depression, anxiety, and self-reported health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (n = 32) were peri- or post-menopausal women experiencing primary sexual concerns and reporting a score of 26.55 or lower on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), indicating impaired sexual functioning. Eligible participants were assigned to a waitlist control condition for 4 weeks, after which they were reassessed and then completed the CBT protocol.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Measures assessing sexual functioning, satisfaction, distress, and desire, as well as body image, relationship satisfaction, common menopause symptoms (eg, vasomotor), depression, anxiety, and self-reported health were completed at baseline, post-waitlist, and post-treatment. Treatment satisfaction was captured with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire along with qualitative data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the waitlist period, no significant changes were observed across measures, apart from the FSDQ concern subscale and GCS physical subscale. Following CBT-SC-Meno, participants experienced a significant improvement in overall sexual functioning (eg, desire, arousal, reduced pain, satisfaction), a decrease in symptoms of sexual distress, concern, and resistance, menopausal symptoms, symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as improved body image, couple satisfaction, and overall health (P < 0.001). All participants endorsed high treatment satisfaction and indicated that treatment helped them better cope with their symptoms more effectively.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the effectiveness of a CBT protocol specifically designed to target sexual concerns experienced during peri- and post-menopause. Results suggest that CBT-SC-Meno leads to significant improvements in sexual functioning across several important sexual concern domains and related areas (eg, body image), in addition to several other commonly comorbid menopausal symptoms (eg, vasomotor), depression, anxiety, and self-reported overall health.</p><p><strong>Strengths and limitations: </strong>Although CBT-SC-Meno appears to be a promising treatment for sexual concerns, the sample was small and homogeneous.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides prel","PeriodicalId":51100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1184-1195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromyographic analysis of the effects of robotic-assisted and retropubic radical prostatectomy on cavernous nerves and smooth muscles.","authors":"Fatih Akdemir, Önder Kayıgil","doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf101","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1283-1284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erectile dysfunction during receptive anal intercourse: an overlooked entity?","authors":"Thomas W Gaither, Myles Anderson, Jonathan Balcazar, Marcia Russell, Mark Litwin","doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf126","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1305-1306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dissatisfaction and associated factors among middle-aged men-data from the Bavarian Men's Health study.","authors":"Lilly Johanna Schmalbrock, Teresa Maria Patrizia Schweitzer, Valentin Henri Meissner, Christian Leiber-Caspers, Andreas Dinkel, Stefan Schiele, Matthias Jahnen, Helga Schulwitz, Jürgen Erich Gschwend, Kathleen Herkommer","doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf122","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexual satisfaction is a key aspect of overall well-being, and various factors-including low sexual frequency, poor communication, and societal sexual norms-can contribute to sexual dissatisfaction.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study assesses the prevalence of sexual dissatisfaction in middle-aged men and explores its associations with different forms of sexual activity, perceived pressure with regard to sexuality of men, and the perceived importance of sexuality-factors that have been understudied in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected through the Bavarian Men's Health (BMH) Study using validated questionnaires and clinical interviews.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>Sociodemographic, sexual behavioral, and psychological factors were analyzed using chi-square tests, with multiple logistic regression identifying predictors of sexual dissatisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5,615 men, 54.6% reported sexual dissatisfaction. At the time of the survey, 86.9% were in a partnership, and 90.1% expressed satisfaction with their partnership. In the preceding 3 months, 84.4% reported partnered sexual activities. Sexual dissatisfaction was significantly associated with the absence of a stable partnership and lower frequency of various partnered sexual interactions (eg, vaginal, oral, anal, and partnered masturbation). Additionally, higher frequencies of solo masturbation and greater perceived pressure with regard to sexuality were associated with increased sexual dissatisfaction (all P < .05).</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Medical interviews should address factors such as diverse forms of partnered sexual activity, perceived pressure with regard to sexuality and perceived importance of sexuality to identify contributors to sexual dissatisfaction effectively.</p><p><strong>Strengths and limitations: </strong>Strengths include large sample size and robust methodology. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and lack of data on sexual partners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight that over half of 50-year-old men report sexual dissatisfaction, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive sexual health assessments in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":51100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1244-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cristofari versus Foldès labiaplasty techniques in female genital mutilation repair: a retrospective, comparative study.","authors":"Albane Gareton, Flavio Tonini, Simon Crequit, Pierre Foldès, Sarra Cristofari, Sarah Abramowicz","doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf127","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1291-1292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual function in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mohammad Yazdan Panah, Soroush Oraee, Mehra Fekri, Parsa Saberian, Sahra Afshin, Saeed Vaheb, Vahid Shaygannejad, Omid Mirmosayyeb","doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sexual dysfunction is prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and considerably affects their quality of life. Although sexual function (SF) is crucial in PwMS, its relationship with other characteristics remains insufficiently understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aimed to consolidate the evidence comparing SF between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs) and to explore its correlation with various demographic, clinical, and psychological factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to July 28, 2024, to identify studies comparing SF between PwMS and HCs or assess its correlation with various demographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics. Random effects models were used in R software version 4.4.0 to estimate the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and pooled correlations, with their 95% CIs as the effect size metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this review, 61 studies comprising 16 266 PwMS were included. The meta-analysis indicated that SF was significantly reduced in PwMS compared to HCs, with females with MS (FwMS) showing lower Female Sexual Function Index scores (SMD: -0.41, 95% CI, -0.61 to -0.20, P < .0001) and males with MS (MwMS) demonstrating reduced International Index of Erectile Function scores (SMD: -0.77, 95% CI, -1.32 to -0.22, P < .01). Correlation analyses highlighted associations between reduced SF and higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), longer disease duration, and depression in gender-aggregated analyses. Reduced SF was also found to correlate with older age, higher EDSS scores, depression, and fatigue in FwMS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the included studies indicated that SF is lower in PwMS compared to HCs and is influenced by age, disease duration, depression, and the EDSS. Further studies on the effects of comorbidities, medications, and MS classification on the SF of PwMS are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":51100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1122-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties for instruments used to measure core outcomes for provoked vestibulodynia: a systematic review.","authors":"Caroline Pukall, Christel Hellberg, Marie Österberg, Ann Kristine Jonsson, Susanna Kempe, Petter Gustavsson, Nina Bohm-Starke","doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf120","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf120","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The inconsistency in outcome measures used in clinical trials for provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) makes it difficult to compare the effects of different interventions. In a previous study, we developed a core outcome set (COS) for PVD intervention studies, which determined what to measure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To establish how to measure the COS, this systematic review presents the evidence base regarding the measurement properties of instruments for the COS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The systematic review followed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Embase.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Outcomes: &lt;/strong&gt;Content validity for the outcomes was assessed using COSMIN guidelines and the methodological quality of studies, and quality of measurement properties were evaluated using the COSMIN checklist and criteria. The synthesized evidence was graded with the modified grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation approach.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;No instrument showed high quality evidence for all measurement properties. Most development studies for the instruments were insufficient due to lack of patient involvement, and content validity was only investigated in the PVD population for one of the instruments assessed. Content validity was therefore largely based on expert opinion. No studies presented results for the structural validity or responsiveness of any of the instruments. For other measurement properties, aspects of construct validity (hypothesis testing) and reliability (including internal consistency) were the most studied.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical implications: &lt;/strong&gt;We established how to measure the COS for PVD, which will be useful for clinical trials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Strengths and limitations: &lt;/strong&gt;Strengths included the multidisciplinary team and the rigorous methodology. Limitations included overall lack of evidence of content validity for the instruments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Based on limited evidence and expert opinion, the following instruments are the most promising for the PVD COS: Insertional pain (sexual), 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) with specific question/anchors, Insertional pain (non-sexual), Tampon test, and 11-point NRS; Provoked pain by pressure/contact, Vulvalgesiometer; Pain related interference on one's life, the Activity Engagement subscale of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire; Pain related interference on sexual life, the Sexual Function Interference subscale of the Vulvar Pain Assessment Questionnaire; Sexual function, Female Sexual Function Index, excluding pain subscale; Pain anxiety, Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale, or the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. No recommendations can be made for Pelvic floor function at this time. Future research is needed to establish strong measurement","PeriodicalId":51100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1253-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgender and gender diverse patients' preference and comfort for having a medical chaperone present during a sensitive physical examination: a single-site study.","authors":"Katie E Linder, Johanna L Ramirez, Tyson L Pankey, Dagoberto Heredia, Alice Y Chang, Caroline J Davidge-Pitts, Nicole R Imhof, Cesar A Gonzalez","doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical chaperones are authorized individuals present during physical examinations involving the genitals, breasts/chest, or anal areas. The use of medical chaperones may provide an opportunity to improve transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients' experiences with sensitive examinations.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine TGD adult patients' preferences and comfort for having a medical chaperone and whether TGD-specific characteristics, social anxiety symptoms, and feelings of medical mistrust are associated with preference for having a medical chaperone present during a sensitive physical examination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a cross-sectional survey that randomly sampled adult patients from a gender clinic in the Midwest region of the U.S. A total of 420 surveys were mailed. Sixty-two surveys were returned undeliverable, 358 reached recipients; 151 were returned (42.1% response rate). The survey included items related to demographics, gender-related anatomical dysphoria, social anxiety symptoms, feelings of medical mistrust, and preference and comfort towards medical chaperones.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 149 respondents, 74 (49.7%) reported comfort for the idea of having a medical chaperone present during a sensitive physical examination, 50 (33.6%) reported neutral comfort, and 25 (16.8%) reported discomfort. Among 147 respondents, 89 (60.5%) endorsed a preference for a female medical chaperone. We found no associations between gender-related anatomical dysphoria or social anxiety symptoms and comfort for having a medical chaperone, or the gender preference for a medical chaperone. Medical mistrust was associated with lower comfort with having a medical chaperone present during a sensitive physical examination.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Routinely offering medical chaperones, especially female chaperones, is like to be generally acceptable to most TGD patients. These findings may inform clinic policies on providing medical chaperones during sensitive examinations.</p><p><strong>Strengths and limitations: </strong>This study is the first to examine TGD preferences for medical chaperones. Findings are limited by a single site, homogeneous sample, cross-sectional design, and reliance on hypothetical rather than observed examinations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TGD adults report comfort with the concept of having a medical chaperone during sensitive examinations and most would prefer the chaperone to be female. Preference for having a medical chaperone present during a sensitive physical exam is not likely influenced by gender dysphoria or social anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":51100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelvic floor muscle activation in response to pressure stimuli applied to the vulvar vestibule: an observational study comparing women with and without provoked vestibulodynia.","authors":"Linda McLean, Flavia Ignacio Antonio, Marina Petter Rodrigues, Caroline Pukall","doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdae171","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdae171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The nature of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) involvement in provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to determine if PFM electromyographic (EMG) activity in anticipation of or response to pressure applied to the posterior vaginal fourchette differs between those with and without PVD, and if the magnitude of PFM response is associated with pressure pain sensitivity, psychological or psychosexual function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational case-control study. Forty-two volunteers with PVD and 43 controls with no vulvar pain participated. Five on-line questionnaires were completed, then participants underwent a laboratory-based evaluation of vulvar pain sensitivity. EMG activation of the PFMs, hip adductor, and upper trapezius muscles was measured before, during, and after pressure stimuli (low, moderate) were applied, in random order, to the posterior vaginal fourchette and the posterior thigh (control site).</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>EMG amplitude of the pubovisceralis (PV), bulbocavernosus (BC), and external anal sphincter (EAS) muscles. Secondary outcomes were EMG activation of the hip adductor brevis and upper trapezius muscles, questionnaire scores reflecting psychological/psychosexual outcomes, pressure pain threshold (PPT) at the vulvar vestibule, pain reported on a tampon test, and heart rate/heart rate variability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to controls, EMG activation of the PV and EAS, but not the BC, was higher in anticipation of the pressure applied to the vaginal fourchette, was higher in all PFMs while the pressure was applied, and remained higher than baseline after the pressure was removed among those with PVD. EMG response amplitudes were modulated by the intensity of the pressure applied, with the largest responses reaching over 40% MVC in the EAS among those with PVD. PFM EMG amplitudes were associated with greater pain sensitivity and lower sexual function, but not with pain catastrophizing, central sensitization, depression, anxiety, or stress.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>While some anticipatory activation was observed, EMG responses were primarily observed during and after the application of the pressure. Among those with PVD, digital assessment of PFM tone might reflect PFM responses to pain at the vulvar vestibule, and interventions to reduce local pain sensitivity may be an important first step to successful improvements in vaginal function.</p><p><strong>Strengths and limitations: </strong>This study includes a robust analysis of EMG activation. However, the cross-sectional design precludes the determination of causal relationships.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Those with PVD demonstrate higher PFM responses and a higher prevalence of anticipatory activation in the PV and EAS muscles than controls in response to pressure applied at the vulvar vestibule.</p>","PeriodicalId":51100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1158-1172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatments for postorgasmic illness syndrome: a systematic review.","authors":"Sarah Ponce, Meghana Chapalamadugu, Samantha Levine, Cameron Stokes, Karla Radillo, Olivia Johnson, Isaac Bronson, Rachel S Rubin","doi":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf112","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a rare, poorly understood condition that is characterized by feeling ill after orgasm. Despite its significant impact on quality of life, POIS remains poorly understood, and effective treatment options are limited without clear guidelines. Only 18% of sexual medicine experts report symptom improvement in more than 30% of the patients. Current treatments have been used to address the various presentations such as flu-like state, mood disturbances and/or irritability, as well as congestion and inflammation. Given the lack of standardized therapeutic approaches, there is a critical need to document and evaluate various treatments tried for POIS management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review aims to evaluate current treatment modalities for POIS and compile solutions that have been studied and tested.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search was conducted in June 2024 of 3 of the most relevant databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) of clinical studies, randomized controlled trials, and case reports analyzing treatment modalities of patients with diagnosed POIS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 58 studies found, 14 matched our inclusion criteria. Our systematic review consists of 1 cross-sectional study, 1 cohort study, and 12 case reports. Two papers included female patients, and the rest studied only male patients. Eleven papers discussed pharmacologic treatment modalities, including antihistamines, ibuprofen, NSAIDs, hormone replacement therapy, steroids, SSRIs, alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and triptans. Two papers mentioned immune treatment, one being the intracutaneous injection of autologous semen and the other being intralymphatic immunotherapy with the injection of allergen-specific immunotherapy. One paper mentioned surgical treatment with bilateral epididymectomy and bilateral vasoligation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The largest limitation to continued research is related to the rarity and low recognizability of POIS; however, POIS research is on the rise. Scientists across the world are collaborating to better understand the pathophysiology behind this condition and investigate treatment modalities to address the associated symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sexual Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1236-1243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}