Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Effects of Turmeric on Manganese-Induced Redox Imbalance in Testicular Tissues: Histo-Micrometric and Biochemical Analyses.","authors":"Fatima Bashir Ahmad, Chaman Ara, Shaukat Ali, Shagufta Andleeb, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir, Faheem Nawaz, Asmatullah","doi":"10.1007/s12013-026-02177-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-026-02177-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Itaconation and Succination as Metabolite-Derived Cysteine Modifications in Inflammatory Signalling: Biochemical Mechanisms, Chemoproteomic Mapping, and Therapeutic Opportunities.","authors":"Asif Ahmad Bhat, Shivkanya Fuloria, Riya Thapa, Nina Varghese, Rohini Karunakaran, Sumita Bhatia, Kamal Narain, Anupam Biswas, Sangita Biswas, Neeraj Kumar Fuloria","doi":"10.1007/s12013-026-02184-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-026-02184-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory activation rewires cellular metabolism and generates electrophilic metabolites that can modify reactive cysteine residues. This review focuses on two metabolite-derived cysteine modifications: itaconation, driven by aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1)-dependent itaconate production, and succination, driven by fumarate accumulation. Although both involve cysteine engagement, they differ in chemical stability, metabolite source, cellular distribution, glutathione competition, and functional outcome. Itaconation is linked to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signalling, glycolytic control, kinase regulation, innate immune sensing, interferon responses, and inflammatory cell death, whereas succination is most strongly associated with stable S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC) formation, fumarate excess, mitochondrial dysfunction, redox stress, inflammasome regulation, and pyroptosis. A central theme of this review is that endogenous itaconate and fumarate must be distinguished from electrophilic derivatives such as 4-octyl itaconate, dimethyl itaconate, and dimethyl fumarate, because these compounds differ in uptake, reactivity, target engagement, and pharmacological interpretation. We distinguish direct adduct mass spectrometry from competitive cysteine profiling and metabolite-mapping approaches, which can quantify bulk adduct burden, relative cysteine engagement, metabolite distribution, or compartment-specific cysteine state, but do not necessarily establish endogenous site occupancy. Proteomic and chemoproteomic approaches can prioritise metabolite-responsive cysteines, but functional relevance requires site-level validation, residue perturbation, and biochemical rescue. By comparing itaconation and succination across chemistry, target selection, inflammatory signalling, and therapeutic translation, this review defines the evidence needed to identify metabolite-sensitive cysteines as genuine regulatory nodes rather than detectable covalent adducts.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Tramadol Administration on Stomach and Duodenum of Male Rats: Histological Examinations, DNA and Biochemical Analyses.","authors":"Mohamad Taha Abdelrahman, Samir Basha Eskander, Aliaa Ezz El Arab","doi":"10.1007/s12013-026-02140-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-026-02140-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted to elucidate the histopathological alterations in the stomach and duodenum, biochemical changes in selected enzymes and hormones in rat sera, and to investigate DNA damage in tissues resulting from tramadol administration. Thirty adult male rats weighing 180-200 g were randomly distributed in three groups: group I (control), group II of 10 animals received a single dose (50.4 mg) of tramadol hydrochloride (TR- HCl) orally, and group III of 10 rats received the same TR-HCl dose, fractionated into small, periodic, and incremental doses over 49 days. The first treatment period lasted for three weeks. At the end of this period, five rats from each group were separated and euthanized. The remaining animals were euthanized later after an additional four weeks. Histological examinations of stomach and duodenum specimens were performed as well as immune and biochemical analyses for trypsin, pepsin, testosterone, caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). A DNA fragmentation comet assay was carried out at the 3rd and 7th weeks from treatment onset. Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that prolonged tramadol administration (weeks) can induce: gastric dysfunctions and duodenum injury, disturbance in selected enzymes and hormones, detectable DNA damage as well as degeneration in the endogenous antioxidant defense system mechanism in treated rats. Therefore, a firm control on the handling and administration of tramadol is needed to avoid and prevent its abuse and addiction, especially among adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Design Of A Peptide Candidate Targeting NOTCH1 And PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways In Cancer: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study.","authors":"Soheila ParcheBafieh, Shiva Khezri, Habib Zarredar, Leila Rahbarnia, Safar Farajnia","doi":"10.1007/s12013-026-02160-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-026-02160-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The PI3K/AKT and NOTCH1 signaling pathways are key regulators of tumor progression, proliferation, survival, and metastasis in numerous cancers, making them attractive targets for peptide-based anticancer therapies. Dermaseptin-B2 is a well-characterized anticancer peptide known to modulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; however, its therapeutic application may be limited by suboptimal cellular uptake. In contrast, Magainin-2 exhibits strong membrane-interacting and cell-penetrating properties and has been widely employed in the development of hybrid bioactive peptides to enhance membrane permeability and intracellular delivery. In this study, a peptide library was constructed from truncated fragments of Dermaseptin-B2 and Magainin-2 to identify hybrid peptides targeting the PI3K/AKT and NOTCH1 signaling pathways. A five-amino-acid anticancer motif derived from Dermaseptin-B2 was fused to a ten-amino-acid membrane-active fragment of Magainin-2 to improve cellular penetration. Subsequently, three rational amino acid substitutions were introduced into the lead peptide (MD3)-lysine replacing phenylalanine, histidine replacing glycine, and valine replacing serine-to enhance anticancer activity, optimize cell penetration, and reduce potential toxicity. Molecular docking analyses demonstrated favorable binding of MD3 to proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT and NOTCH1 signaling pathways. Molecular dynamics simulations, including RMSD, RMSF, and radius of gyration analyses, confirmed the structural stability of the peptide-protein complexes throughout the simulation period. Binding free-energy calculations using the MM-PBSA method indicated thermodynamically favorable interactions between MD3 and its target proteins. Furthermore, analyses of hydrogen-bond distance and angle distributions supported the formation of stable, geometrically favorable intermolecular interactions. Coarse-grained membrane simulations further demonstrated the efficient membrane-penetrating capability of MD3 in a DOPS-DOPC lipid bilayer model. Collectively, these findings identify MD3 as a promising multifunctional hybrid peptide that targets multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways and exhibits favorable membrane penetration and structural stability, highlighting its potential as a candidate for future peptide-based anticancer therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"L-Ornithine Liposomal Nanoparticles Targeting the Proline Cycle: A Mechanistic Perspective for Ammonia-Driven Hepatic Encephalopathy\".","authors":"Amira Atta, Maha M Salem, Tarek M Mohamed","doi":"10.1007/s12013-026-02158-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-026-02158-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) represents an essential neuropsychological disorder resulting from liver dysfunction that is mainly caused by disorders of ammonia elimination, hyperammonemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brain. Even with modern methods of treatment directed at lowering ammonia levels in plasma, HE continues to be characterized by incomplete metabolic alterations. Due to new data regarding metabolic processes, the significance of the proline cycle and its participation in nitrogen transportation have been discovered recently. Δ¹-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (Δ¹P5CDH) converts P5C into glutamate in this pathway, thus establishing the connection between proline metabolism and nitrogen metabolism. The purpose of this review is to investigate the possible relation between the proline cycle, nitrogen metabolism via Δ¹P5CDH, and HE. The possible role of the modulation of nitrogen metabolism via the ornithine-P5C-glutamate cycle in the context of HE is especially considered. Moreover, the significance of liposomal L-ornithine in this process is studied as a method of drug delivery. This paper discusses a mechanistically and hypothesis-driven approach to the recent interactions among proline metabolism, ammonia regulation, oxidative stress, and liposomal L-ornithine. While existing literature may show some relevance to the use of these interactions for therapeutic purposes, more biochemical, experimental, and clinical investigations are necessary to ascertain their validity and translational importance in hepatic encephalopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine Microalgal Genes: Unlocking a New Era of Sustainable High Value PUFA Production for Neuroprotective Applications.","authors":"Ramkumar Muthu, Dhavamani Sugasini, Kathiresan Shanmugam","doi":"10.1007/s12013-026-02013-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-026-02013-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing global demand for sustainable and nutritionally valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, has intensified efforts to develop alternative and reliable production systems. Marine microalgae represent an attractive biological resource due to their intrinsic capacity to produce high-value PUFAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This review critically examines the genetic and biochemical potential of marine microalgae as sources of PUFA biosynthetic genes for biotechnological applications. Emphasis is placed on the distinct PUFA biosynthetic pathways operating in microalgae, with particular focus on the functional roles of key desaturase and elongase enzymes. Recent advances in omics-based analyses, synthetic biology, and metabolic engineering are discussed in relation to strategies for improving PUFA accumulation via heterologous expression of microalgal genes in terrestrial oilseed crops and microbial hosts. In addition, the review highlights current challenges and future perspectives associated with the exploitation of microalgal genetic resources, including pathway regulation, strain optimization, and translational feasibility. By integrating insights from marine biotechnology and metabolic engineering, this work outlines emerging approaches toward sustainable, scalable, and efficient production of high-value polyunsaturated fatty acids.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Forest Floor to Therapeutic Candidate: Amanita princeps Corner & Bas, 1962 Counters Visceral Leishmaniasis via the NO-Arginase Axis and Mitochondrial Pathway.","authors":"Ishita Bhattacharya, Vandita Verma, Santanu Paul","doi":"10.1007/s12013-026-02155-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-026-02155-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by Leishmania donovani, is one of the most lethal parasitic diseases, causing 30000 deaths annually. Pentavalent antimonials, with limited effectiveness, cytotoxicity, drug resistance, and therapeutic limitations, underscore the urgent need for the development of novel, selective, and cost-effective antileishmanial agents. The Indian pharmaceutical industry, a major global economic sector, is showing growing interest in mushrooms in developing alternative drugs against several diseases. Thus, this study focuses on the antileishmanial potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of Amanita princeps, a wild edible mushroom, with detailed mechanistic analysis. In our research, the cell-inhibitory activity of the extract was evaluated by the MTT assay against promastigotes, axenic amastigotes, and intracellular amastigotes, yielding IC₅₀ values of 21.20, 30.26, and 38.93 μg/mL, respectively, with high selectivity indices (>10). A detailed mechanistic study revealed that the extract can disrupt the NO-arginase axis, suppress antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase), and elevate lipid peroxidation, ultimately causing intracellular oxidative stress. Further, flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopic study confirmed elevated reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, nuclear fragmentation, sub-G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, leading towards apoptosis as evidenced by AO/EtBr dual staining. Furthermore, the extract was able to restore host immunological balance by upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12β, TNF-α) and suppressing anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10, TGF-β). Finally, GC-MS, network pharmacological and molecular docking study identified Urs-12-en-28-ol, a ursane triterpenoid with the highest affinity against DHFR (-9.7 kcal/mol) and demonstrated significant in vitro antileishmanial activity. Conclusively, our findings establish Amanita princeps as a promising candidate for next-generation antileishmanial drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orange Peel-Mediated Co-formation of a ZnO-Calcite Mixed-Phase Nanostructured Material: Physicochemical Characterization and Preliminary In vitro Antioxidant, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory, and Differential Cytotoxicity Assessment.","authors":"Nada Nadhim Ahmed, Najlaa Qassim Muftin, Wessal M Khamis, Hiba Jumaa Hussein, Ghufran Kadhim Talal, Yasser M Taay","doi":"10.1007/s12013-026-02174-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-026-02174-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orange peel was used as a plant-derived medium to prepare a ZnO-calcite mixed-phase nanostructured material, which was physicochemically characterized and evaluated for DPPH radical-scavenging, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and in vitro cytotoxic activities. XRD confirmed the coexistence of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and crystalline calcite, with ZnO apparent crystallite sizes ranging from 9.2 to 28.3 nm (mean 16.4 ± 7.3 nm). FTIR identified Zn-O vibrations, carbonate-related bands, surface hydroxyl groups, and residual organic functionalities, while FESEM revealed irregular agglomerates composed of nanoscale grains. EDX showed Zn, O, C, and Ca as the principal elements, and the material exhibited a zeta potential of -14.86 ± 0.52 mV in deionized water. The mixed-phase material showed concentration-dependent DPPH radical-scavenging activity, with an IC₅₀ of 24.64 µg/mL (95% CI: 22.61-26.79), compared with 28.91 µg/mL for ascorbic acid and 34.39 µg/mL for the orange peel extract. α-Glucosidase inhibition yielded an IC₅₀ of 0.2537 µg/mL (95% CI: 0.2251-0.2867), compared with 0.2067 µg/mL for acarbose. In MTT assays, the material showed IC₅₀ values of 100.0 µg/mL in HepG2 cells and 365.7 µg/mL in HDFn cells, corresponding to an SI of 3.66. These findings indicate preliminary differential cellular sensitivity together with measurable radical-scavenging and enzyme-inhibitory activities, while phase-specific mechanisms and biological safety require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"River Water Quality Modulates Lupeol Targeting of HIF-1α/VEGF and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.","authors":"Cletus Anes Ukwubile, Troy Salvia Malgwi, Donatus Obiajulu Onwuegbunam, Ahamefula Anslem Ahuchaogu, Emmanuel Oise Ikpefan","doi":"10.1007/s12013-026-02175-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-026-02175-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype characterized by dysregulated PI3K/Akt signaling and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, and it lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. Plant-derived lupeol has been reported to modulate the PI3K/Akt and HIF-1α/VEGF pathways, although the influence of aquatic environmental conditions on their biological activity remains poorly understood. This study investigated how river water quality affects lupeol stability and its cytotoxic and signaling-modulating effects in TNBC cells. River samples representing pollution gradients were analyzed for electrical conductivity (145-820 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (95-540 mg/L), heavy metals (ΣCd, Pb, Hg, As: 0.02-0.38 mg/L), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (0.01-0.21 µg/L). Lupeol was conditioned in these waters before treatment of MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells. Lupeol incubated in relatively clean upstream water retained > 92% stability, reduced VEGF by 60-65%, inhibited Akt phosphorylation by approximately 58% (p < 0.001), decreased HIF-1α expression by 65-70%, increased apoptosis by 35-40%, and reduced cell viability by 50-60%. In contrast, conditioning in polluted downstream water reduced lupeol stability to approximately 70%, limited Akt inhibition to approximately 25%, decreased HIF-1α suppression to 30-40%, and reduced apoptosis to 15-20%. Pollution indicators correlated strongly with diminished pathway modulation (r = - 0.86 to - 0.88), while multivariate analysis explained 82% of the observed variation (R² = 0.82). These findings demonstrate that river water chemistry influences lupeol stability and its cytotoxic and pathway-modulating effects in TNBC cells under in vitro conditions. However, because the present study was limited to TNBC cell lines, the results do not establish cancer-selective activity or therapeutic efficacy. Future studies should incorporate appropriate normal or non-tumorigenic cell models to assess selectivity and in vivo models to evaluate pharmacological efficacy, systemic toxicity, and translational potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetone Extract of Annona Muricata Linn Leaf Counteracts Hyperglycemia-Associated Metabolic Dysregulation by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.","authors":"Benjamin Olusola Omiyale, Bidemi Emmanuel Ekundayo, Olutosin Samuel Olusola, Olajumoke Tolulope Idowu, Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye, Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye","doi":"10.1007/s12013-026-02172-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-026-02172-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Annona muricata is widely recognized for its rich phenolic composition and potent antioxidant activity, suggesting therapeutic potential in diabetes management. This study investigated the mechanistic antidiabetic effects of acetone extract of A. muricata leaf on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress, and hepatic function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in forty-two male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg). Diabetic animals (n = 7 per group) were treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of the extract (yield: 10.08% w/w) for 28 days, while metformin (200 mg/kg) served as the standard drug. Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and histopathological alterations were evaluated to assess oxidative status and hepatic function, alongside the activities of key carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes and mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Administration of the acetone extract significantly enhanced hepatic antioxidant defenses, as demonstrated by increased levels of glutathione and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, accompanied by a marked reduction in lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the extract significantly restored serum albumin levels and reduced LDH activity, indicating improved hepatocellular integrity. Furthermore, the extract significantly impacted the activities of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes and restored the expression of PPAR-γ and GLUT4 toward physiological levels. These results suggest that the antidiabetic activity of A. muricata may be mediated by the attenuation of oxidative stress, preservation of hepatic function, and regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and glucose transporter signalling pathways, highlighting its potential as a promising phytotherapeutic agent for the management of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}