Journal of Systems and Software最新文献_第2页

Reference architectures as boundary objects in the co-engineering of system properties: An empirical study 参考架构作为共同设计系统属性的边界对象：实证研究

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112264

Muhammad Rusyadi Ramli, Fredrik Asplund

{"title":"Reference architectures as boundary objects in the co-engineering of system properties: An empirical study","authors":"Muhammad Rusyadi Ramli, Fredrik Asplund","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context:</h3><div>The complexity of large-scale, software-intensive systems demands collaborative efforts across engineering disciplines to assure that all system properties are correctly implemented. Effective communication and knowledge sharing among the involved engineering are critical for fostering this collaboration. As a result, engineering artifacts, such as reference architectures, play a key role as boundary objects—shared objects used by different communities to reach a mutual understanding.</div></div><div><h3>Objective:</h3><div>This study aimed to understand how engineer should utilize reference architectures as boundary objects, and explored the challenges in using them in the co-engineering of system properties.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology and Methods:</h3><div>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 experts from two engineering disciplines focusing on system properties of particular importance to contemporary large-scale software-intensive systems development. To analyze the data, an abductive thematic analysis approach was used.</div></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><div>Reference architectures can be used as promoters of synergy, change, and learning by the engineers involved in the co-engineering of system properties. However, related challenges with regard to organizational contexts were identified. These findings underscore the need for further investigations into the relationship between the role of reference architectures, power, and organizational theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 112264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconstruction of an execution architecture view by identifying mapping rules for connectors 通过确定连接器的映射规则重构执行架构视图

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112268

Hwi Ahn , Sungwon Kang , Seonah Lee

{"title":"Reconstruction of an execution architecture view by identifying mapping rules for connectors","authors":"Hwi Ahn , Sungwon Kang , Seonah Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An execution architecture view plays a crucial role in depicting the structure of a software system at runtime and analyzing its execution aspects, such as concurrency and performance. However, such execution views are frequently missing in real-world practices. Therefore, researchers have endeavored to reconstruct execution architecture views from software systems. However, existing approaches either require domain experts’ knowledge or are applicable only to systems with particular architecture styles. In this paper, we propose a systematic approach to reconstructing an execution architecture view, without prior knowledge of the components and connectors in the target system. With the proposed approach, by defining a candidate set of execution view connectors and mapping rules from source code to execution view connectors, developers can reconstruct an execution view. To evaluate the proposed approach, we applied it to three real-world software systems. Our evaluation results show that the proposed approach reconstructs an execution architecture with a higher than 86 % F1-score and less than 13.9 person-hours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 112268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An exploratory empirical eye-tracker study of visualization techniques for coverage of combinatorial interaction testing in software product lines 针对软件产品生产线组合交互测试覆盖范围的可视化技术的探索性实证眼动仪研究

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112261

Kambiz Nezami Balouchi , Julien Mercier , Roberto E. Lopez-Herrejon

引用次数: 0

Resources don't grow on trees: A framework for resource-driven adaptation 资源不是长在树上的：资源驱动的适应框架

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112267

Paul A. Akiki , Andrea Zisman , Amel Bennaceur

{"title":"Resources don't grow on trees: A framework for resource-driven adaptation","authors":"Paul A. Akiki , Andrea Zisman , Amel Bennaceur","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Software systems execute tasks that depend on different types of resources. However, the variability of resources may interfere with the ability of software systems to execute important tasks. In this paper, we present a proactive and reactive resource-driven adaptation framework that supports different types of resources and is based on the prioritisation of tasks. In our previous work, we defined a task modelling notation called SERIES. This paper builds on that notation and focuses on the adaptation process to improve resource utilisation by substituting tasks with their variants, substituting resources with alternative ones, executing tasks in a different order, or cancelling the execution of low-priority tasks. The framework was evaluated in terms of the percentage of executed critical task requests, average criticality of the executed task requests in comparison to the non-executed ones, overhead, and scalability. The evaluation was executed using two datasets related to a medicine consumption system and a manufacturing system. The evaluation results showed that the proposed framework increased the number of executed critical task requests and the average criticality of the executed task requests under resource variability with marginal overhead.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 112267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Symbolic execution of floating-point programs: How far are we? 浮点程序的符号执行：我们还有多远？

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112242

Xu Yang , Guofeng Zhang , Ziqi Shuai, Zhenbang Chen, Ji Wang

引用次数: 0

Runtime reliability fractional distribution change analytics against cloud-based systems DDoS attacks 针对云端系统 DDoS 攻击的运行时可靠性分数分布变化分析

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112265

Lei Wang, Shuhan Chen, Xikai Zhang, Jiyuan Liu

{"title":"Runtime reliability fractional distribution change analytics against cloud-based systems DDoS attacks","authors":"Lei Wang, Shuhan Chen, Xikai Zhang, Jiyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the help of the Software as a Service (SaaS) delivery model, the rapid advancement of cloud computing has become the most prevalent distributed computing paradigm. A large number of application vendors and developers choose to integrate cloud-hosted Application Program Interfaces (APIs) into their systems as <em>system components</em> to construct new and value-added cloud-based systems. When executed in an open cloud environment, each system component is constantly at risk of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Such cloud-based systems are challenged by reliability fluctuations when a system component is attacked. A change in the reliability of the remote system components, e.g., performance decline or runtime anomalies, can threaten the stability of the entire cloud-based system. To enable timely reliability assurance against cloud-based systems DDoS attacks, it is necessary to analyze runtime reliability of its system components. In this paper, we formally present a new model for evaluating the reliability of the system components based on concept drift. Based on the model, we propose a novel method named runtime reliability anomaly detection (RAD), leveraging the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique. RAD analyzes the reliability of a system component during its operation by detecting peaks in Fractional Distribution Change (FDC) within its reliability time series data. Specifically, it calculates the Jensen Shannon divergence between historical and up-to-date reliability data streams, based on feature vectors that are dimensionality-reduced using SVD. The results of extensive experiments conducted on two public cloud APIs performance datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of RAD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 112265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Portfolio Evolution Analysis for SPL Scoping: Unveiling the dynamics with dedicated time-series dashboards 用于 SPL 范围界定的投资组合演变分析：利用专用时间序列仪表盘揭示动态变化

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112259

Raul Medeiros , Oscar Díaz , Mustafa Al-Hajjaji , Michael Schulze

{"title":"Portfolio Evolution Analysis for SPL Scoping: Unveiling the dynamics with dedicated time-series dashboards","authors":"Raul Medeiros , Oscar Díaz , Mustafa Al-Hajjaji , Michael Schulze","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) is a recognized methodology for systematically developing reusable software components and tailored software products for specific market segments. A critical activity within domain engineering is SPL Scoping, aimed at profiling the SPL boundaries and fitting this market segment. Yet, this market is a moving target, which requires SPLs to be proactive in anticipating and addressing future challenges and opportunities. In this setting, rather than all the possible products potentially derived from the SPL’s Feature Model (i.e., the potential portfolio), the subset of products actually deployed is a better indicator of market adoption and customer preferences, and ultimately, of the SPL’s fitness to the market. This study characterizes the phenomenon of ‘deployed portfolio evolution’ in terms of the size and frequency of portfolio changes. We then elaborate on the advantages of utilizing this data source and the necessity for dedicated tools for Portfolio Evolution Analysis integrated within variability managers. To achieve this, we introduce the functional requirements, implementation, and architecture of <em>PortfolioScan</em>, a dashboard for Portfolio Evolution Analysis built on top of <em>pure::variants</em>. The dashboard enables the evaluation of feature usage through time-series charts such as temporal heat maps, line charts, and also a scoping-criteria comparison matrix. Evaluation results (n=13) indicate a positive perception. Practitioners also recognize the benefits of Portfolio Evolution Analysis for Testing Resource Optimization and Configuration Assistance. The ultimate goal of the study is to establish a basis for more responsive and market-oriented decision-making in SPL tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 112259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A model-driven, metrics-based approach to assessing support for quality aspects in MLOps system architectures 以模型驱动、基于度量的方法评估 MLOps 系统架构中对质量方面的支持

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112257

Stephen John Warnett , Evangelos Ntentos , Uwe Zdun

{"title":"A model-driven, metrics-based approach to assessing support for quality aspects in MLOps system architectures","authors":"Stephen John Warnett , Evangelos Ntentos , Uwe Zdun","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In machine learning (ML) and machine learning operations (MLOps), automation serves as a fundamental pillar, streamlining the deployment of ML models and representing an architectural quality aspect. Support for automation is especially relevant when dealing with ML deployments characterised by the continuous delivery of ML models. Taking automation in MLOps systems as an example, we present novel metrics that offer reliable insights into support for this vital quality attribute, validated by ordinal regression analysis. Our method introduces novel, technology-agnostic metrics aligned with typical Architectural Design Decisions (ADDs) for automation in MLOps. Through systematic processes, we demonstrate the feasibility of our approach in evaluating automation-related ADDs and decision options. Our approach can itself be automated within continuous integration/continuous delivery pipelines. It can also be modified and extended to evaluate any relevant architectural quality aspects, thereby assisting in enhancing compliance with non-functional requirements and streamlining development, quality assurance and release cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 112257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Refining software defect prediction through attentive neural models for code understanding 通过专注于代码理解的神经模型完善软件缺陷预测

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112266

Mona Nashaat , James Miller

{"title":"Refining software defect prediction through attentive neural models for code understanding","authors":"Mona Nashaat , James Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying defects through manual software testing is a resource-intensive task in software development. To alleviate this, software defect prediction identifies code segments likely to contain faults using data-driven methods. Traditional techniques rely on static code metrics, which often fail to reflect the deeper syntactic and semantic features of the code. This paper introduces a novel framework that utilizes transformer-based networks with attention mechanisms to predict software defects. The framework encodes input vectors to develop meaningful representations of software modules. A bidirectional transformer encoder is employed to model programming languages, followed by fine-tuning with labeled data to detect defects. The performance of the framework is assessed through experiments across various software projects and compared against baseline techniques. Additionally, statistical hypothesis testing and an ablation study are performed to assess the impact of different parameter choices. The empirical findings indicate that the proposed approach can increase classification accuracy by an average of 15.93% and improve the F1 score by up to 44.26% compared to traditional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 112266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142551916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Model-driven safety and security co-analysis: A systematic literature review 模型驱动的安全和安保共同分析：系统文献综述

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112251

Victor Luiz Grechi , André Luiz de Oliveira , Rosana T. Vaccare Braga

{"title":"Model-driven safety and security co-analysis: A systematic literature review","authors":"Victor Luiz Grechi , André Luiz de Oliveira , Rosana T. Vaccare Braga","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Failures in systems that can lead to loss of life, property, and environmental damage, make them safety–critical systems requiring the analysis and demonstration of dependability properties. When those systems can connect/disconnect to each other, it raises security issues, making them also security-critical. Safety and security are crucial in safety- and security-critical design. The complexity of a connected world impacts safety and security, requiring dependability assurance processes in compliance with standards like ISO 26262, ISO 21434, IEC 61511, and IEC 61508. Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) plays a significant role by using models to represent and analyze safety and security properties, facilitating their integration. This study aims to explore the role of MDE in supporting safety and security co-engineering through a Systematic Literature Review. We identified 119 studies that were analyzed and categorized based on the life-cycle phase, risk assessment activity, application domain, methodology type (integrated or unified), methodology goal (co-engineering or cross-fertilization), measurement (qualitative, quantitative, or both), modeling approach, representation, evaluation method, and supporting tools. Though model-driven contributions are less prevalent than model-based ones, tools widely support them. Studies primarily focus on transportation (especially automotive) and industrial domains, but there is potential for broader participation with increasing IoT adoption.</div><div><em>Editor’s note: Open Science material was validated by the Journal of Systems and Software Open Science Board</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 112251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142551918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0