Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Specifying Precision in Visual-orthographic Prediction Error Representations for a Better Understanding of Efficient Reading","authors":"Wanlu Fu;Benjamin Gagl","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02301","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02301","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient visual word recognition presumably relies on orthographic prediction error (oPE) representations. On the basis of a transparent neurocognitive computational model rooted in the principles of the predictive coding framework, we postulated that readers optimize their percept by removing redundant visual signals, allowing them to focus on the informative aspects of the sensory input (i.e., the oPE). Here, we explore alternative oPE implementations, testing whether increased precision by assuming all-or-nothing signaling and more realistic word lexicons results in adequate representations underlying efficient word recognition. We used behavioral and electrophysiological data (i.e., EEG) for model evaluation. More precise oPE representations (i.e., implementing a binary signaling and a frequency-sorted lexicon with the 500 most common five-letter words) explained variance in behavioral responses and electrophysiological data 300 msec after stimulus onset best. The original less-precise oPE representation still best explains early brain activation. This pattern suggests a dynamic adaption of represented visual-orthographic information, where initial graded prediction errors convert into binary representations, allowing accurate retrieval of word meaning. These results offer a neurocognitive plausible account of efficient word recognition, emphasizing visual-orthographic information in the form of prediction error representations central to the transition from perceptual processing to the access of word meaning.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 8","pages":"1349-1363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11080647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Dynamics and Representational Consequences of the Control of Processing Conflict between Visual Working Memory and Visual Perception","authors":"Chunyue Teng;Jacqueline M. Fulvio;Mattia Pietrelli;Jiefeng Jiang;Bradley R. Postle","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02310","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02310","url":null,"abstract":"Visual working memory (WM) extensively interacts with visual perception. When information between the two processes is in conflict, cognitive control can be recruited to effectively mitigate the resultant interference. The current study investigated the neural bases of the control of conflict between visual WM and visual perception. We recorded the EEG from 25 human participants (13 male) performing a dual task combining visual WM and tilt discrimination, the latter occurring during the WM delay. The congruity in orientation between the memorandum and the discriminandum was manipulated. Behavioral data were fitted to a reinforcement-learning model of cognitive control to derive trial-wise estimates of demand for preparatory and reflexive control, which were then used for EEG analyses. The level of preparatory control was associated with sustained frontal-midline theta activity preceding trial onset, as well as with the strength of the neural representation of the memorandum. Subsequently, discriminandum onset triggered a control prediction error signal that was reflected in a left frontal positivity. On trials when an incongruent discriminandum was not expected, reflexive control that scaled with the prediction error acted to suppress the neural representation of the discriminandum, producing below-baseline decoding of the discriminandum that, in turn, exerted a repulsive serial bias on WM recall on the subsequent trial. These results illustrate the flexible recruitment of two modes of control and how their dynamic interplay acts to mitigate interference between simultaneously processed perceptual and mnemonic representations.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 8","pages":"1328-1348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slower Postencoding Stimulus Reaction Time Predicts Poorer Subsequent Source Memory and Increased Midline Cortical Activity","authors":"Gabriela Vélez Largo;Abdelhalim Elshiekh;Sricharana Rajagopal;Stamatoula Pasvanis;M. Natasha Rajah","doi":"10.1162/jocn_a_02312","DOIUrl":"10.1162/jocn_a_02312","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals vary widely in their ability to encode and retrieve past personal experiences in rich contextual detail (episodic memory). However, it remains unclear how within-subject variations in attention, measured on a trial-by-trial basis at encoding, and between-subject variation in attention and executive function abilities affect encoding-related brain activity and subsequent episodic retrieval. In the present study, 38 healthy young adults (mean age = 26.5 ± 4.4 years, 21 female) completed a task fMRI study in which they were instructed to encode colored photographs of everyday objects and their left/right spatial location. In addition, participants were asked to respond as quickly as possible to a central fixation cross that expanded in size at a variable duration after each encoding trial. RTs to the fixation cross preceding and following the object were hypothesized to reflect attentional variations pre- and postencoding stimulus, respectively. A mixed-effects logistic regression was performed to predict source memory success from pre- and poststimulus RT. Slower poststimulus RT, but not prestimulus RT, predicted poorer subsequent source memory within-subject. In addition, between-subject variation in task-switching ability, self-reported cognitive failures, and self-reported attentional abilities affected the association between poststimulus RT and subsequent memory. In addition, trial-by-trial task fMRI analysis indicated that increased encoding activity within default mode network regions was associated with slower poststimulus RT and with subsequent source retrieval failures. These results shed light onto the cognitive and neural factors that contribute to within-subject and between-subject variations in source memory ability.","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":"37 8","pages":"1308-1327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oscillatory Correlates of Metacontrol: Beta and Theta Band Contributions to Feedback-dependent Cognitive Adaptation.","authors":"Astrid Prochnow, Moritz Mückschel, Christian Beste","doi":"10.1162/jocn.a.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.a.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to adapt to varying task demands is essential for goal-directed behavior. Cognitive control styles regulate this adaptation, with persistence reflecting high top-down control and flexibility reflecting lower control. Metacontrol facilitates the dynamic adjustment between these states based on current demands. The present study investigated short-term feedback-dependent adaptations in cognitive control style during conflict monitoring. Behavioral results demonstrated that RT feedback promoted a more persistent cognitive control style in subsequent trials, improving performance in incongruent conditions while diminishing facilitative effects in congruent conditions. On the neurophysiological level, theta-band activity primarily reflected these changes during conflict processing. Crucially, intertrial interval analyses revealed a key role of beta-band activity in using RT feedback. Correlations with behavioral congruency effects suggested that decreased beta-band activity reflected a generally more flexible control style, whereas increased beta-band activity was associated with generally greater persistence. By demonstrating that pretrial beta-band modulations reflect cognitive control dispositions, this study provides novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying metacontrol.</p>","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of Event Segmentation: An Introduction to the Special Focus.","authors":"Katherine D Duncan, Amy S Finn","doi":"10.1162/jocn.a.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.a.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Event segmentation-the process by which people parse continuous experience into meaningful units-shapes how we understand and remember the world from early in life. Yet, despite its foundational role in cognition, the developmental trajectory of event segmentation remains poorly understood. This Special Focus brings together new research examining how children and adults segment events, with an emphasis on individual differences. The contributions shed light on how children's memory relates to their segmentation profiles, reveal neural signatures of individual variability in adult segmentation, and introduce methodological advances for tracking how individual brains carve up experience. Together, these papers suggest that variability-often dismissed as noise-may be central to understanding how event segmentation emerges and changes with age. We hope to inspire curiosity about event segmentation idiosyncrasies in childhood, prompting researchers to uncover why children experience the world so distinctively and what this reveals about cognitive development.</p>","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scene-sensitive Medial Temporal Lobe Subregions Are Recruited for the Integration of Nonscene Stimuli.","authors":"Mrinmayi Kulkarni, Lydia Jiang, Jessica Robin, Jung Won Choi, Bradley R Buchsbaum, Rosanna K Olsen","doi":"10.1162/jocn.a.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.a.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A hallmark feature of episodic memory is the ability to flexibly recombine information across episodes to form new associations and guide behavior. This process, termed associative inference, relies on the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions. We previously found that cross-episode binding was improved when episodes were linked by scenes rather than by faces or objects. Here, we tested whether differential recruitment of category-sensitive MTL subregions underlies these behavioral differences. Participants completed study-test phases of the Associative Inference in Memory task, while undergoing fMRI scanning. During the study phase, they encoded overlapping AB and BC pairs. A and C items were always objects. The linking B item was either a face or a scene. At test, memory for the direct (AB, BC) and indirect associations (inferred AC) was tested. Category sensitivity in MTL subregions was tested using an independent functional localizer and the low integration (AB) trials from the study phase of the Associative Inference in Memory task. Within the MTL, no subregions exhibited face sensitivity. The anterior hippocampal head, anterolateral and posteromedial entorhinal cortices, and parahippocampal cortex were identified as scene sensitive. Although accuracy of the indirect inferences did not differ between pairs linked by faces and scenes, MTL subregion recruitment differed across categories. Scene-sensitive subregions in MTL cortex (anterolateral entorhinal cortex, posteromedial entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal cortex), but not the hippocampus (anterior hippocampal head), were recruited to support associative inference for faces during encoding. These findings suggest that regions in MTL cortex identified as scene sensitive here may be involved in integrating disparate elements of episodes into coherent representations, and may be recruited for nonscene stimuli when integration demands during encoding are high (e.g., during associative inference).</p>","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The P600 during Sentence Reading Predicts Behavioral and Neural Markers of Recognition Memory.","authors":"Friederike Contier, Melissa Höger, Milena Rabovsky","doi":"10.1162/jocn.a.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.a.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The P600 ERP component is elicited by a wide range of anomalies and ambiguities during sentence comprehension and remains important for neurocognitive models of language processing. It has been proposed that the P600 is a more domain-general component, signaling phasic norepinephrine release from the locus coeruleus in response to salient stimuli that require attention and behavioral adaptation. Because such norepinephrine release promotes explicit memory formation, we here investigated whether the P600 during sentence reading (encoding) is thus predictive of such explicit memory formation using a subsequent old/new word recognition task. Indeed, the P600 amplitude during our encoding task was related to behavioral recognition effects in the memory task on a trial-by-trial basis, although only for one type of violation. Recognition performance was better for semantically, but not syntactically, violated words that had previously elicited a larger P600. However, the P600 to both types of violations during encoding was positively related to a more subtle, neural marker of recognition, namely, the amplitude of the recollection ERP component in response to old words. In summary, we find that the P600 predicts later recognition memory both on the behavioral and neural level. Such explicit memory effects further link the late positivity to norepinephrine activity, suggesting a more domain-general nature of the component. The connection between the P600 and later recognition indicates that the neurocognitive processes that deal with salient and anomalous aspects in the linguistic input in the moment will also be involved in keeping this event available for later recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroencephalography Connectome-based Predictive Modeling of Nonverbal Intelligence Level in Healthy Subjects.","authors":"Anton Pashkov, Ivan Dakhtin, Inna Feklicheva, Julia Shmotina, Mahmoud Hassan","doi":"10.1162/jocn.a.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.a.70","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intelligence is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in successful behavioral and emotional regulation. Neuroimaging techniques coupled with machine learning algorithms have proven to be valuable tools for uncovering the neural foundations of individual cognitive abilities. Nevertheless, current electroencephalography (EEG) studies primarily focus on classification tasks to predict the intelligence category of subjects (e.g., high, medium, or low intelligence), rather than providing quantitative intelligence-level forecasts. Furthermore, the outcomes obtained are significantly impacted by the specific data processing pipeline chosen, which could potentially compromise result generalizability. In this study, we implemented a connectome-based predictive modeling approach on high-density resting-state EEG data from healthy participants to predict their nonverbal intelligence level. This method was applied to three independently collected data sets (n = 255) with different functional connectivity methods, parcellation atlases, threshold p values, and curve fitting orders used to ensure the reliability of the findings. Prediction accuracy, measured as correlation between predicted and observed values, varied significantly across pipeline configurations. The most consistent results across data sets were found in the alpha frequency band. Furthermore, we employed a computational lesioning approach to identify the valuable edges that made the most significant contribution to predicting intelligence. This analysis highlighted the crucial role of frontal and parietal regions in complex cognitive computations. Overall, these findings support and expand upon previous research, underscoring the close relationship between alpha rhythm characteristics and cognitive functions and emphasizing the critical consideration of method selection in result evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separate Timescales for Spatial and Anatomical Information Processing of Body Stimuli.","authors":"Baptiste M Waltzing, Siobhan McAteer, Marcos Moreno-Verdú, Elise E Van Caenegem, Yue Du, Robert M Hardwick","doi":"10.1162/jocn.a.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.a.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Observing different body stimuli can influence the speed and accuracy of our responses. Prior work indicates this effect is influenced by factors such as spatial congruence and perspective. We hypothesized that the influence of these factors would vary depending on the amount of time that participants had to process visual stimuli. Experiment 1 was a RT task (n = 29) with stimuli varying in spatial congruence (congruent, incongruent, neutral), perspective (first- or third-person), and stimulus type (body or control). Experiment 2 (n = 50) used the same stimuli in a \"Forced Response\" paradigm, which controlled the time participants had to prepare a response. This allowed us to assess responses as a function of preparation time. Experiment 1 showed effects of spatial congruence, with longer RTs and more errors for spatially incongruent stimuli. This effect was greater for body stimuli. Experiment 2 showed that spatial information was processed faster than anatomical information, inducing incorrect responses at short preparation times for spatially incongruent body stimuli. There was little-to-no corresponding effect for control stimuli. Both experiments also showed weak-to-no effects of perspective, which appear to have been driven by spatial congruence. Our results indicate that spatial information is processed faster than anatomical information during observation of body stimuli. These data are consistent with the dual visual streams hypothesis, whereby spatial information would be processed rapidly via the dorsal stream, whereas anatomical processing would occur later via the ventral stream. These data also indicate differences in processing between body and control stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Generalizability of Top-Down Neural Representation of Meter in Infancy.","authors":"Erica Flaten, Laurel Trainor","doi":"10.1162/jocn.a.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.a.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Music and speech rhythms are hierarchically organized, including grouping beats to create metrical structures. Previously, we showed that infants can be primed via loudness accents to interpret a metrically ambiguous (unaccented) rhythm either in duple meter (groupings of 2 beats) or in triple meter (groupings of 3 beats), as measured by larger mismatch responses (MMRs) in electroencephalographic recordings for the perceptually strong compared with weak beat in the unaccented rhythm [Flaten, E., Marshall, S. A., Dittrich, A., & Trainor, L. J. Evidence for top-down meter perception in infancy as shown by primed neural responses to an ambiguous rhythm. European Journal of Neuroscience, 55, 2003-2023, 2022]. Given that infants primed with a duple or triple metrical interpretation heard the same ambiguous stimulus at test, this indicated top-down meter perception. The effects were stronger in the duple-primed infants, although this may have reflected that the stimulus was also slightly biased toward the duple meter. Here, we investigated the generalizability of 6-month-old infants' top-down meter processing by varying the tempo of the rhythm from priming to test. We also used an isochronous test rhythm to ensure there was no duple or triple bias in the stimulus. Results showed that infants' MMRs were not enhanced for deviants on primed strong versus weak beat positions; however, infants taking regular music classes who were primed with triple meter showed a larger MMR for beat 5 (strong beat for duple) than beat 4. Furthermore, duple-primed infants tracked the rhythm more strongly than triple-primed infants, as shown by steady-state evoked potentials. These results suggest that, although infants did not show evidence of generalizing metrical priming across varying tempi, a bias for duple metrical interpretation develops early and may be accelerated by participation in music classes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51081,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}