Journal of Arid Environments最新文献

{"title":"Consequences of human conflicts on aquatic ecosystems in drylands areas: Future management perspective","authors":"Luciana G. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Ilia Ostrovsky ,&nbsp;Manuela Morais ,&nbsp;Elena Anufriieva ,&nbsp;Gema Parra ,&nbsp;Egor Zadereev ,&nbsp;Antonio Camacho ,&nbsp;Antje Schwalb ,&nbsp;Simonetta Bagella ,&nbsp;Rosemberg F. Menezes ,&nbsp;Luz Marina Soto ,&nbsp;Carlos López ,&nbsp;Maria Ilheu ,&nbsp;Eduardo A. Morales ,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Saber ,&nbsp;Hichem Kara ,&nbsp;Peter Riad ,&nbsp;Gizachew Teshome ,&nbsp;Nickolai Shadrin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic ecosystems in dryland regions are among the most vulnerable globally, facing escalating threats from climate change, population growth, and human conflicts. Historically, water disputes have been a significant driver of tension. Over the past three decades, at least 59 water-related conflicts have occurred in drylands, predominantly in Asia and Africa, with approximately 50 % of these conflicts directly linked to water scarcity. The primary ecological consequences include the loss of hydrological connectivity, declining biodiversity, heightened water scarcity and pollution, and the degradation of physical habitats. The lack of conservation efforts during and after conflicts further destabilizes these fragile aquatic ecosystems, eroding their resilience. Such environmental disruptions reduce water availability and quality and pose serious risks to human health, food security, and socioeconomic stability. Moreover, the destruction of water infrastructure and ecosystem degradation caused by conflicts undermine progress toward achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those related to clean water, health, and biodiversity conservation. Addressing these challenges necessitates enhanced transboundary water governance, robust climate adaptation strategies, and the development of international legal frameworks to mitigate the long-term ecological impacts of human conflicts in dryland regions. This review explores the direct and indirect environmental effects of human conflicts on aquatic ecosystems in drylands, supported by critical case studies that underscore the urgency of these issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing the REPAIR framework for sustainable environmental restoration: Lessons from lake urmia, Iran","authors":"Hamid Farahmand ,&nbsp;Massoud Tajrishy ,&nbsp;Mohammad Taghi Isaai ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ghoreishi ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Mohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving long-term sustainability in environmental restoration requires integrating behavioral science into policy design, yet cognitive biases that shape agricultural decisions remain overlooked. This study introduces the REPAIR framework, a novel interdisciplinary approach that addresses these biases to improve water management strategies. Using a qualitative case study of 148 farmers in Mahabad, Iran, we apply a grounded theory approach to identify key biases—such as confirmation bias, status quo bias, and the bandwagon effect—that reinforce unsustainable irrigation practices and limit farmers' responsiveness to ecological risks. The REPAIR framework (Revenue, Experience, Participation, Availability, Insight, and Relationship) provides structured interventions, incorporating incentive structures, experiential learning, and collective action mechanisms. By integrating insights from Ostrom's Design Principles and behavioral decision-making theories, REPAIR enhances policy effectiveness in common-pool resource governance. This study underscores the necessity of embedding behavioral science into environmental restoration, offering a scalable, evidence-based tool for policymakers and conservation practitioners. To conclude, addressing cognitive biases is not just complementary to ecological restoration—it is fundamental to ensuring lasting environmental and socio-economic resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of savanna rangeland productivity: Linking allometric traits to above-ground biomass of palatable grass species in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Arnim Marquart ,&nbsp;Katja Geissler ,&nbsp;Niels Blaum","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating above-ground biomass (AGB) of grasses as a proxy for savanna productivity is vital for land management. Allometric theory suggests plant size metrics can predict biomass across species and ecosystems. However, relationships can be influenced by environmental factors and vary between species. This study quantifies AGB and allometric relationships of five palatable grass species in semi-arid Namibian savannas. To assess how environmental factors influence allometric relationships, we compare them with equations from other drylands and climatic zones. Our approach provides a baseline for non-destructive AGB estimations of palatable grasses in African savannas, supporting large-scale AGB estimation via remote sensing.</div><div>For each species, we measured AGB, height, canopy-, and basal area of 100 individuals. Allometric relationships were calculated across and separately for each species using power regression models. In all models, basal area was the best AGB predictor. Including both basal and canopy area improved predictions. Adding height slightly enhanced predictions but differed between species-specific models. Our comparison within drylands and across climate zones showed similar patterns in allometric relationships, but differences in scaling exponents and coefficients highlight the need for site-specific, but not necessarily species-specific models. Our findings suggest opportunities and challenges for using size measures determined by remote sensing. Large-scale AGB prediction of grasses using canopy area is feasible but less precise than using basal area. Including height improves AGB predictions but changes the allometric coefficient to species-specific values, requiring species differentiation. In conclusion, our findings could enhance AGB estimation precision for sustainable land management in southern Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of water availability on Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) seedling establishment","authors":"Valéria de Oliveira Mota ,&nbsp;Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Maria Gabriela Ferreira Figueiredo ,&nbsp;Maria Olívia Mercadante-Simões ,&nbsp;Mauro Franco Castro Mota ,&nbsp;Danilo Aparecido Rodrigues Trindade ,&nbsp;Paulo Sergio Nascimento Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In seasonal habitats, adjusting plant reproductive strategies and early developmental patterns to water availability is crucial for sustaining natural populations. Understanding these adaptive mechanisms is vital for conserving and domesticating key species. <em>Caryocar brasiliense</em>, an economically significant fruit tree native to the Cerrado biome, faces threats from deforestation and unsustainable extraction. This study examines how water availability affects the seedling establishment and growth of this species. Over a year, we assessed the impact of irrigation on pyrene (endocarp + seed) germination, seedling survival, morphology, and anatomy of the hypocotyl (an underground stem structure), through six evaluations. Our findings revealed that irrigation promotes seedling emergence and growth of stems, leaves, and roots, especially at the end of the rainy season. However, plants exhibited enhanced growth during the wet/warm season, even without irrigation. The hypocotyl plays a pivotal role in drought resistance: it is enduring, shows secondary growth influenced by water, and serves as a starch-storing structure. <em>C.</em> <em>brasiliense</em> seedlings and young plants display remarkable drought resistance, attributed to their deciduous nature, hypocotyl reserves, and deep root systems. Despite this inherent resilience, irrigation significantly boosts the species establishment and early growth, underscoring its importance for crop cultivation and habitat restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophic niche of coexistence of reintroduced scimitar-horned oryx and native dorcas gazelle in Sidi Toui National Park, Tunisia","authors":"Marouane Louhichi ,&nbsp;Luis Ferreira ,&nbsp;Miguel Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Touhami Khorchani ,&nbsp;Mohsen Chammem","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Examining the trophic niche overlap of sympatric species is crucial for understanding fundamental concepts of community ecology and for the effective management of multi-species habitats within shared landscapes. Using plant (<em>n</em> = 85) and faecal (<em>n</em> = 300) samples collected in 2020–2021, the diet composition of the scimitar-horned oryx and the dorcas gazelle in the Sidi Toui National Park in Tunisia, was studied. Microhistological procedures combined with the use of n-alkanes and long-chain alcohols as faecal markers, were used to assess diet composition and the overlap of their trophic niches. During the dry season, the diet of the scimitar-horned oryx consisted primarily of <em>Hyparrhenia hirta</em> (L.) Stapf (35.6 %), while the gazelle's diet was dominated by <em>Ziziphus lotus</em> (L.) Lam. (66.4 %). In the wet season, <em>Gymnocarpos decander</em> Forssk. became the main dietary component for both antelope species. Pastoral species consumed by scimitar-horned oryx were richer in fiber fractions (neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) compared to those consumed by dorcas gazelles, which preferred species with high crude protein content. Our results show low trophic overlap between the two antelope species during both seasons, supporting their long-term coexistence in the park at current population densities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between soil seed bank and standing vegetation in the Saharan rangelands of southeastern Algeria","authors":"B. Khenfer ,&nbsp;B. Medrouh ,&nbsp;A. Chehma ,&nbsp;M. Bouragba ,&nbsp;J. Huguenin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil seed bank (SSB) plays a significant role in the regeneration of plant communities. To assess the relationship between SSB species composition and standing vegetation, we collected 360 soil samples (500 cm³) from six Saharan rangelands. Standing vegetation was inventoried at the same time as the seed bank was sampled, while the latter was analyzed using the seedling emergence method. Sixty-three species belonging to 22 families were identified for the standing vegetation, while 58 species belonging to 25 families were inventoried for the SSB. A relatively low correlation (r = 0.34) between the SSB and standing vegetation was observed. However, the similarity coefficient (SC = 0.49) indicated a moderate similarity between the SSB and standing vegetation. Our findings suggest that the SSB makes an effective contribution to the regeneration of ephemeral plants compared with perennial species. This indicates that the SSB is an important resource for the regeneration and resilience of ecosystems, but the lack of perennial seeds could slow down this process. In this respect, human intervention appears essential for the conservation and preservation of vegetation in the Saharan environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioclimatic stress index: A tool to evaluate climate change impact on Mediterranean arid ecosystems","authors":"P. Santibáñez ,&nbsp;R. Zamora ,&nbsp;J. Franchi ,&nbsp;D. Montaner-Fernández ,&nbsp;F. Santibáñez","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the impact of mid-21st century climate change on Chile's Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests, increasingly exposed to bioclimatic stress. A novel Bioclimatic Stress Index (BSI) was developed, using 1970–2000 as a baseline and 2050 as a future scenario. Trends in bioclimatic stress and vegetation vigor were analyzed from 1986 to 2024 using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a satellite-derived measure of vegetation health and productivity. The BSI shows a significant increasing trend (τ = 0.3968, p &lt; 0.01), while NDVI exhibits a marked decline (τ = −0.433, p &lt; 0.01), indicating worsening ecosystem conditions. Key stressors include rising maximum temperatures (+1.5 °C) and increasing water deficits (+100 mm/year), which reduce canopy density, reproductive capacity, and overall ecosystem resilience. Unlike traditional species distribution models, the BSI quantifies climatic stress by integrating thermal and water stress into a mechanistic framework. Identifying critical stress thresholds, it provides actionable insights for conservation planning, emphasizing the urgency of adaptive strategies. The BSI's ability to quantify stress intensity rather than just predicting habitat shifts makes it a valuable tool for resilience-building interventions. Incorporating bioclimatic modeling into conservation efforts is essential to mitigate degradation, safeguard biodiversity, and enhance ecosystem resilience under future climate conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastelands or preferred-lands? Indicators for redefining desert conservation","authors":"Manasi Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Dhriti Banerjee ,&nbsp;Indu Sharma ,&nbsp;Mitali Mukerji","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Desert ecosystems, often misperceived as barren and low in biodiversity, play a critical role in global climate regulation. This study examines the functional dynamics of the Thar Desert in Rajasthan, focusing on spatio-temporal variations in avian species richness and insect abundance across four ecoregions: Western Thar (WT), Eastern Thar (ET), Transitional Zone (TZ), and Cultivated Zone (CZ), spanning 33 districts. Avian diversity data from eBird and insect diversity data from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) were analyzed, supplemented by five years of feeding behavior observations from an 852-acre site. We found significant seasonal differences in bird species richness, with the highest variability in CZ, followed by WT. Western Thar also had the highest insect diversity, particularly in orders like Orthoptera and Hymenoptera. Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) highlighted the link between dietary preferences and migratory patterns, showing how insects support winter migration. These findings challenge the perception of deserts as biologically limited and underscore the importance of insects in sustaining avian populations. This study suggests using migratory birds to help improve desert conservation strategies. It highlights the importance of viewing deserts not just as wastelands, especially in WT, to guide efforts in restoring the vulnerable ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield and chemical composition of frankincense from Boswellia papyrifera cutting-based planted trees","authors":"Emiru Birhane ,&nbsp;Abadi Tesfay ,&nbsp;Zenebe Girmay Siyum ,&nbsp;Tesfay Gidey ,&nbsp;Yirga Gebretsadik ,&nbsp;Frans Bongers ,&nbsp;Niguse Hagazi ,&nbsp;Florent Noulèkoun","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The population of <em>Boswellia papyrifera</em> is rapidly declining despite its ecological, socio-economic, and cultural importance, highlighting the need for urgent conservation action. While vegetative propagation shows promise, the yield and chemical composition of frankincense from such plantations are not well understood. This study evaluated frankincense yield and chemical composition across three treatments: (i) trees propagated from branch cuttings with no prior tapping, (ii) naturally grown trees rested from tapping for three years, and (iii) naturally grown trees continuously tapped for three years. Yield was measured across nine tapping rounds on 15 trees (five per treatment). Results revealed that trees propagated from cuttings produced significantly higher annual frankincense yields than continuously tapped trees in natural stands. The average yield per tapping round followed a unimodal pattern, peaking at the sixth round before declining over the final three rounds for both planted and naturally grown trees rested for three years. Additionally, frankincense from planted trees exhibited significantly higher moisture content and bioactive compounds than from natural stands. These findings underscore the potential of vegetatively propagated <em>B. papyrifera</em> for frankincense production, and we recommend adopting vegetative propagation and planting of <em>B. papyrifera</em> to enhance its yield and chemical compositions in dryland areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Geospatial approach to Land capability assessment in arid regions: Integration of Storie Index, geographic information systems, and Analytical Hierarchy Process techniques","authors":"Mohamed E. Fadl ,&nbsp;Ali R.A. Moursy ,&nbsp;Alaa H. Abdel-Azem ,&nbsp;Moatez A. El-Sayed","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a need for new rapid, cost-effective and eco-friendly techniques for land capability evaluation in order to achieve better land management and agricultural production. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the land capability of some soils in the Sohag Governorate, Egypt, utilizing the Storie Index, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and spatial modeling techniques on the basis of some soil properties such as slope, profile depth, texture, gravels, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). To achieve that, thirty-two soil profiles (117 soil samples) represented the study area, whereas drilled, sampled, analyzed; and evaluated for their capability using Storie index and Spatial Model for Land Capability (SMLC). The AHP was used to prioritize and integrate numerous factors influencing land capability, whereas texture, SAR and EC were identified as controlling parameters of land capability. Moreover, the obtained outputs were used for generating spatial variability distribution maps using geo-statistical interpolation method. The results revealed that the studied area's land was under three capability grades (excellent, good, and fair). According to Storie Index, Eleven soil profiles representing about 11.11 % (12.35 km²) of the investigated area were classified under grade 1 (excellent), while 87.44 % (97.18 km²) of the studied area were categorized under grade 2 (good) that represent by twenty soil profiles, and only one profile under grade 3 (fair), which represented about 1.45 % (1.61 km²) of the area under investigation. According to SMLC, the studied area was classified to two capability classes; Good (Grade 2) and Fair (Grade 3) which represent 65.57 % (72.88 km²) and 34.43 % (38.27 km²) of the study area, respectively. This research contributes to the advancement of land capability assessment and provides a practical approach for similar studies in other regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 105373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}