Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"Critical Review of Use of Medical Versus Social Model for Identification of Learning Disabilities","authors":"Geetika Kapoor, Sakshi Kaul","doi":"10.1177/09731342241248423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342241248423","url":null,"abstract":"The process of identification of specific learning disability (SLD), in India, is dominated by the medical model with strong emphasis on an IQ score of 85 and above, as an important inclusion criterion. In addition, there is minimal emphasis on tracking learning history for quality interventions. Only parent reports that they have been teaching the child and child’s attendance of a formal school since the beginning of their scholastic journey are taken as indicators that the child has been taught the foundational skills of reading, writing, and maths but has failed to show mastery. The focus of the research paper is to critically review the medical model and social model to be able to make suggestions of best fit. The perspective is to be able to look at learning disability from the point of functionality and bring forth the options that can assist specific cases of scholastic underachievement. The present paper outlines the problems with following the IQ score driven, medical model while addressing an educational problem. Further, suggestions are made toward creating a social, problem-solving approach toward identification of SLD that will focus more on teaching toward closing of scholastic lags and identification of specific needs and supports that learners need to successfully complete their schooling, with confidence and pride.","PeriodicalId":510571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"58 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Problems Associated with Digital Screen Exposure in Children Aged 2–5 Years: Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Nimran Kaur, Madhu Gupta, T. Kiran, P. Malhi, Sandeep Grover","doi":"10.1177/09731342241236364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342241236364","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the emotional problems associated with digital-screen exposure (DSE) among 2–5-year-old children in Chandigarh, North India. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 randomly selected families with children aged 2–5 years using the validated DSE questionnaire and the standard preschool-child behavior checklist from October 2017 to March 2018. The American (2016) and Indian (2020) Academy of Pediatrics guidelines were followed to define excessive DSE. To estimate the probability for the predictors of emotional problems with DSE, we performed the per-binary multivariate logistic regression model, giving an adjusted odds ratio (AOR), using IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 25.0. The mean age of the children was 3.5 years (standard deviation = 0.9). Nearly 15% of children were with borderline/clinical cases of emotional problems. The significant protective factors for individual emotional problems among children were watching learning media content [Oppositional defiant disorder (AOR = 0.39 CI 0.22, 0.72, p = 0.002)], having DSE less than one hour [Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (AOR = 0.19 CI 0.08, 0.43, p<0.0001)], presence of media rules at home [Sleep problems (AOR = 0.03 CI 0.001, 0.69, p = 0.028)], age of initiating DSE before two years [Total emotional problems (AOR = 0.5, 0.22, 0.93, p = 0.03)], and caregivers DSE of less than two hours per day [Depression (AOR = 0.04 CI 0.002, 0.75, p = 0.031)]. While the significant predictors were playing outdoors almost every day [Total emotional problems (AOR = 2.2 CI 1.06, 4.78, p = 0.034)], average activity of less than 30 minutes per day [Total emotional problems (AOR = 2.4 CI 1.22, 4.73, p = 0.01)], boys [Total emotional problems (AOR = 2 CI 1.08, 3.55, p = 0.028)], children aged less than 3.5 years [Total emotional problems (AOR = 1.9 CI 1.05, 3.59, p = 0.03)] and higher socio-economic status [Withdrawn (AOR = 5 CI 1.19, 20.97, p = 0.028)]. There was a moderate prevalence of emotional problems among children with excessive DSE. Specific emotional problems were significantly associated with the DSE among children.","PeriodicalId":510571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"117 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141124393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Digital-based Therapies for Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders: A Brief Literature Review","authors":"Youngsuhk Jo, Nazaree Edwards, Rishubh Shah, Sarah Vas","doi":"10.1177/09731342241248896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342241248896","url":null,"abstract":"The wide prevalence of substance use among adolescents has become a rising public health concern, demanding innovative approaches for effective intervention and support. Traditional therapeutic methods, such as individual counseling and group therapy, have demonstrated efficacy in addressing substance use issues. 1 However, their reach and impact often fall short due to various barriers, including limited availability of specialized treatment providers, logistical challenges, and stigma associated with seeking help. 2 Explore the utility of digital-based therapies in the treatment of substance use disorders in adolescent populations. Review of the literature comparing digital-based psychological interventions for youth with substance use disorders compared to traditional therapy modalities. This was conducted using a set of search terms across established medical databases (EMBASE, PSYCINFO, PUBMED). Therapies for specific use disorders have been successful and even superior to in-person intervention. 37 Though digital therapies do not replace traditional therapies and treatments. However, with their wide scope, digital therapies can complement existing treatments to promote accountability and the development of recovery focused life skills. The emergence of digital therapies demonstrates potential in the treatment of substance use. Multiple challenges and barriers exist, including funding, privacy, ownership of the data. However, due to the nature of addictive disorders, digital therapies might be most effective when required and monitored by the treating entities.","PeriodicalId":510571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"112 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141126517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to Child Psychotherapy in High- and Low/Middle-income Nations: A Cross-national Perspective and Potential Approaches","authors":"Andres Pumariega, J. Aneja, Prerna Sharma, Kati Breton, Keisha Thornton, Stephanie Gann, Eugenio Rothe","doi":"10.1177/09731342241236297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342241236297","url":null,"abstract":"Psychotherapy of different types is recognized across the globe as an essential component of child and adolescent mental health services. At the same time, there are barriers and challenges in obtaining access to this modality that are as widespread as its acceptance. This article reviews barriers to accessing child and adolescent psychotherapy in high-income countries (HIC) as well as low/middle-income countries (LMIC). It also briefly reviews approaches to improve access using different interventions and modalities. We also report on our experience using one particular intervention, case management within pediatric collaborative care, as a promising approach for improving access in underserved populations.","PeriodicalId":510571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Complex Problems Don’t Require Complex Solutions:” Case Discussions Using Solution Focused Brief Therapy","authors":"Jonaki Arora, Sandra Jose","doi":"10.1177/09731342241238827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342241238827","url":null,"abstract":"This article illustrates solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) through two case stories, showcasing its pragmatic approach in addressing complex issues with adolescents. SFBT emphasizes strengths, possibilities, and collaborative conversations to co-create solutions. Two case studies of learning disorder and ADHD highlight the significance of focusing on strengths and interests in enabling therapeutic progress and how goal-setting and solution-oriented discussions can foster agency and consistency. These vignettes underscore SFBT’s future-focused and goal-directed nature, prioritizing strengths and the client’s capacity for change. By adhering to SFBT’s philosophy, the therapists guided the clients toward practical and effective solutions to meet their challenges.","PeriodicalId":510571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Play Therapy: An Analytical Mode of Therapy in Children","authors":"Nidhi Chauhan, Diksha Sachdeva, Savita Malhotra, Nitin Gupta","doi":"10.1177/09731342241238524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342241238524","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood play assumes a myriad of forms, each offering a unique canvas for growth. Physical play builds motor skills and body awareness, while imaginative play nurtures expression, creativity, and conflict resolution. Social interactions within a play therapy environment foster co-operation, empathy, and social understanding. Cognitive development is stimulated through problem solving; emotional development is nurtured through expression of emotions. All these modalities are used in the context of various theories of development and have given rise to a number of techniques of play therapy, each following either a single approach or in some cases an eclectic approach. This chapter unveils the world of play therapy, its origins, core principles, and the transformative potential it holds for children.","PeriodicalId":510571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Masquerading as Mood Disorder in an Adolescent Boy","authors":"Nidhi Chauhan, Himani Adarsh, Chandana Bhagwat, A. Saini","doi":"10.1177/09731342241238866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342241238866","url":null,"abstract":"X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a demyelinating neurodegenerative disease of the brain with neurological manifestations in the majority of cases. However, a small proportion of cases also present solely with psychiatric symptoms. Here, we discuss the case of a 13-year-old boy presenting with mood symptoms, behavioral changes, and cognitive impairment. A neurodegenerative disease was suspected based on the atypical findings in history and abnormal neurological examination. Neuroimaging and pathogenic variations in the ABCD1 gene confirmed the diagnosis. Thorough history and detailed examination remain the cornerstone in arriving at the right diagnosis, aided by need-based advanced investigations.","PeriodicalId":510571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and Substance Use Among School-going Adolescents of Tribal Ethnicity: A Preliminary Study from North-East India","authors":"Arif Ali, N. Gujar, S. Deuri, S. K. Deuri","doi":"10.1177/09731342241239190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342241239190","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health disparities are more pronounced among marginalized and ethnic communities due to a multitude of societal and environmental factors. These include family dynamics, cultural influences, geographic location, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, all of which contribute to increased vulnerability to mental health issues within these populations. The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of mental health issues and substance use among adolescents belonging to tribal communities. The current research adopts a cross-sectional descriptive study design and was conducted across five Indian states, with a particular focus on the north-eastern region, including Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, and Arunachal Pradesh. The selection of districts and schools was done based on convenience sampling in the initial phase of the study. From each state, two schools were selected where the tribal population was high. In each district, a list of schools (20 schools) was prepared based on census data where the tribal population was high. Following the selection of schools within the district, a randomized sampling approach, employing the lottery method, was utilized to choose 10 schools from the compiled list. Subsequently, a total enumeration method was employed for the selection of school-going adolescents, ensuring the inclusion of all individuals within the chosen schools. A total of 983 adolescents belonging to tribal communities participated in the study after providing both assent and parental consent. A socio-demographic datasheet, strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), and Brief Screener for Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs (BSTAD) were administered. In the context of school-going adolescents, Arunachal Pradesh exhibited a higher prevalence of mental health issues, including emotional and behavioral problems, at 41.9%, surpassing the rates observed in Assam (32.8%), Meghalaya (31.4%), Nagaland (26%), and Manipur (14.22%). The finding shows that the use of alcohol was higher in Arunachal Pradesh (29.03%) as compared to other states; 29.44% of students from Nagaland sniffed or huffed, which was the highest among the five states; and 28.04% of students from Meghalaya took illegal drugs like marijuana, cocaine, etc., which was the highest among the five states. Proactive measures are urgently required to tackle the mental health obstacles confronting tribal adolescents. Implementing targeted mental health programs tailored to their specific needs is crucial for ensuring their well-being and fostering resilience within these communities.","PeriodicalId":510571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"44 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interstate Human Trafficking Youth Survivors: Clinical and Forensic Considerations","authors":"Jeena Kar, Mariam Rahmani, Youngshuk Jo, Andres Pumariega","doi":"10.1177/09731342241236300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342241236300","url":null,"abstract":"Child trafficking continues to be underreported due to multiple factors including differences in state laws, lack of a centralized database, and overall under-recognition. The care of such youth often entails forensic as well as significant clinical considerations given their traumatization. We report on our experience with a 14-year-old female who presented to an Emergency Department (ED), brought in by law enforcement after her parents filed a missing person report in a different state, with concerns about human trafficking; the patient expressed suicidal ideation in our ED. The patient was placed under involuntary hold, after obtaining collateral from the her parents. During the hospitalization, legal challenges presented barriers to safe discharge and a need to collaborate for providing care between disciplines and across state lines. At the same time, through validation and support in the therapeutic milieu of an adolescent psychiatric unit, she was able to understand that she had just survived sexual assault and began to process the impact of it. Although no medication changes were made, the patient began to develop insight at the time of discharge to the Child Protective Team.","PeriodicalId":510571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"49 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Externalizing the Internalized:” Exploring Externalizing Conversations in Narrative Therapy with Adolescents and Young Adults in the Indian Context","authors":"Soumya Jagatdeb, Sanjana Mishra, Thwisha Bajpai, Shelja Sen","doi":"10.1177/09731342241238096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342241238096","url":null,"abstract":"People who seek therapy often view the problems they are experiencing as reflections of something internal, which could lead to a sense of helplessness over the problem, ideas of blame, and negative self-worth. Narrative therapy is a respectful, non-blaming approach to therapy that centers people as the experts in their own lives and views problems as separate from people. Externalizing conversations are a facet of narrative therapy that seek to separate individuals from these “internalized” understandings or ideas of a problem, place the problem in the social context, and construct preferred stories that align with their values and skills to re-author problem stories. The problem stories people bring into therapy may often focus on perceived failures, weaknesses, or feeling overwhelmed with the problem. Externalizing conversations can play a role in deconstructing these narratives and therefore challenge the negative perceptions of self and identity associated with the problem. The stories presented in this article by three narrative practitioners working in the Indian context revolve around their therapeutic work with three young people, with a focus on the use of externalizing conversations to de-pathologize LGBTQIA+ identities, work with experiences of violence and abuse without retraumatization, and deconstruct the diagnosis of ADHD. Here, externalizing conversations serve as a framework to deconstruct ideas of internalized blame, shame, and guilt for young people with different problems, ages, and socio-cultural contexts. Weaving these distinct stories together and reflecting on the use of externalizing conversations in the therapeutic context, this article seeks to explore and discuss dominant ideas about problem stories and therapeutic intervention and create paths to reauthored stories with a focus on individual agency and social justice.","PeriodicalId":510571,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"57 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}