Macromol Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/macromol4030031

F. O. Nwaogazie, B. Akinwande, O. Adebo, Samson A. Oyeyinka

{"title":"Application of Annealed Bambara Starch as a Stabilizer in Ice Cream Production","authors":"F. O. Nwaogazie, B. Akinwande, O. Adebo, Samson A. Oyeyinka","doi":"10.3390/macromol4030031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol4030031","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the potential of annealed Bambara starch as a locally sourced stabilizer for ice cream, aimed at addressing the high cost of imported stabilizers. Annealed Bambara starch, modified at various temperatures (45, 50, 55, and 60 °C), was incorporated into ice cream formulations and compared with ice cream stabilized using xanthan gum and guar gum. The ice creams exhibited variations in percentage overrun (77.03–124.61%), foam stability (90.88–96.61%), viscosity (24.87–33.26%), and melting resistance. Conventionally stabilized ice cream outperformed in overrun, foam stability, viscosity, and melting rate properties. Descriptive sensory tests showed high intensity scores for color, aroma, taste, mouthfeel, and body attributes across all samples, with no weak intensity scores. Considering the performance of conventionally stabilized ice cream, those stabilized with Bambara starch annealed at 45 and 50 °C were recommended as potential alternatives, highlighting the potential of annealed Bambara starch as a cost-effective and locally sourced stabilizer for ice cream. Further studies should investigate the impact of annealing at different temperatures on the structural changes of Bambara starch to gain more insights into its effects on ice cream structure, facilitating its use in other food systems.","PeriodicalId":510296,"journal":{"name":"Macromol","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Trends in Composite Coagulants for Water and Wastewater Treatment 水和废水处理用复合混凝剂的新趋势

Macromol Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.3390/macromol4030030

Eleftheria K. Tsoutsa, A. Tolkou, G. Kyzas, I. Katsoyiannis

{"title":"New Trends in Composite Coagulants for Water and Wastewater Treatment","authors":"Eleftheria K. Tsoutsa, A. Tolkou, G. Kyzas, I. Katsoyiannis","doi":"10.3390/macromol4030030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol4030030","url":null,"abstract":"Coagulation/Flocculation (C/F) process aims to efficiently eliminate turbidity, TSS, COD, BOD, toxic metals, phosphates, and UV254nm from wastewater. Both natural and synthetic coagulants, used alone or in conjunction with flocculants, play crucial roles in this treatment. This review summarizes recent trends in coagulants for wastewater treatment, highlighting a wide array of inorganic and organic coagulants that have demonstrated significant efficacy based on reviewed studies. Notably, Crab Shell Bio-Coagulant (CS) excels in turbidity remov5al, achieving a remarkable 98.91% removal rate, while oak leaves protein shows superior performance in TSS and COD removal. Synthetic inorganic coagulants like PALS, PSiFAC1.5:10:15, and PAPEFAC1.5-10-15 demonstrate outstanding turbidity removal rates, over 96%. POFC-2 coagulant stands out for efficiently removing TSS and COD from domestic wastewater, achieving up to 93% removal for TSS and 89% for COD. Moreover, the utilization of FeCl3 as an inorganic coagulant alongside chitosan as an organic flocculant shows promise in reducing turbidity, COD, and polyphenols in wastewater from vegetable oil refineries. PE-2, a novel organic coagulant, demonstrates exceptional efficacy in eliminating turbidity, TSS, COD, and BOD from sugar industry wastewater. Chitosan shows effectiveness in removing TOC and orthophosphates in brewery wastewater. Additionally, CTAB shows high efficiency in removing various toxic metal ions from wastewater. The hybrid coagulants: PAAP0.1,0.5 and PPAZF accomplish exceptional turbidity removal rates, approximately 98%.","PeriodicalId":510296,"journal":{"name":"Macromol","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary Drug Delivery through Responsive Materials 通过响应性材料进行肺部给药

Macromol Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/macromol4030029

N. Politakos, V. Gregoriou, C. Chochos

引用次数: 0

Peach Gum Polysaccharide as an Additive for Thermoplastic Starch to Produce Water-Soluble Films 桃胶多糖作为热塑性淀粉的添加剂，用于生产水溶性薄膜

Macromol Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/macromol4030028

Juan Vicente Miguel Guillem, Andrea Juan-Polo, C. Pavon, J. López‐Martínez

{"title":"Peach Gum Polysaccharide as an Additive for Thermoplastic Starch to Produce Water-Soluble Films","authors":"Juan Vicente Miguel Guillem, Andrea Juan-Polo, C. Pavon, J. López‐Martínez","doi":"10.3390/macromol4030028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol4030028","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoplastic starch (TPS) has gained considerable attention during the last few years in developing starch-based biodegradable food packaging materials or edible coatings due to its high availability and low cost. TPS is manufactured from starch plasticized with food-grade plasticizers, making it suitable for food contact applications. In addition, TPS is bio-based and biodegradable, which, from an environmental perspective, closes the circle of the circular economy. However, the industrial application of TPS is somewhat limited due to its poor mechanical performance and low water resistance. However, the low water resistance could increase the water sensitivity of TPS, which could be advantageous for coating application or food encapsulation. The present work aims to tailor the water sensitivity of TPS by adding peach gum polysaccharide to obtain water-soluble films. With this aim, peach gum polysaccharide (PGP) was extracted from peach gum (PG) using the thermal hydrolysis method. Films of TPS-PG and TPS-PGP were prepared and characterized by their water sensitivity and mechanical, microstructural, and thermal properties. The results show that PGP allows the obtaining of films with water sensitivities higher than 70% but also improves TPS elongation at break, making the material more suitable for application as film.","PeriodicalId":510296,"journal":{"name":"Macromol","volume":"102 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication and Characterization of Collagen–Magnetic Particle Composite Microbeads for Targeted Cell Adhesion and Proliferation 用于靶向细胞粘附和增殖的胶原蛋白-磁性微粒复合微珠的制作与表征

Macromol Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3390/macromol4030027

Daichi Tanoshiri, Sakura Inoue, Shigehisa Aoki, Akira Kimoto, Y. Oishi, Takayuki Narita

{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Collagen–Magnetic Particle Composite Microbeads for Targeted Cell Adhesion and Proliferation","authors":"Daichi Tanoshiri, Sakura Inoue, Shigehisa Aoki, Akira Kimoto, Y. Oishi, Takayuki Narita","doi":"10.3390/macromol4030027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol4030027","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of the biocompatibility of collagen and the remote-control ability of magnetic elements serves as both a cell scaffold and an actuator. We studied the preparation, characterization, and potential applications of collagen–magnetic particle composite microbeads (CMPMBs). The interplay among collagen concentration, particle size, and surface roughness was found to influence cell adhesion and proliferation. Adsorption and desorption tests showed the reversible attachment of the particles to magnetic sheets, enabling precise spatial control and targeted cell delivery. The particles demonstrated their utility as cell carriers, supporting cell migration and proliferation. These findings showcase the potential of CMPMBs as a promising platform for advanced cell delivery and tissue regeneration applications. The ability to fine-tune particle properties and manipulate them using magnetic fields offers new possibilities for creating complex tissue constructs and controlling cellular behavior, which could contribute to the development of more effective regenerative therapies and tissue engineering approaches.","PeriodicalId":510296,"journal":{"name":"Macromol","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microneedles’ Device: Design, Fabrication, and Applications 微针设备：设计、制造和应用

Macromol Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.3390/macromol4020019

Cristiana Oliveira, J. Teixeira, Nelson Oliveira, Sónia Ferreira, C. Botelho

{"title":"Microneedles’ Device: Design, Fabrication, and Applications","authors":"Cristiana Oliveira, J. Teixeira, Nelson Oliveira, Sónia Ferreira, C. Botelho","doi":"10.3390/macromol4020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol4020019","url":null,"abstract":"The delivery of therapeutical molecules through the skin, particularly to its deeper layers, is impaired due to the stratum corneum layer, which acts as a barrier to foreign substances. Thus, for the past years, scientists have focused on the development of more efficient methods to deliver molecules to skin distinct layers. Microneedles, as a new class of biomedical devices, consist of an array of microscale needles. This particular biomedical device has been drawing attention due to its ability to breach the stratum corneum, forming micro-conduits to facilitate the passage of therapeutical molecules. The microneedle device has several advantages over conventional methods, such as better medication adherence, easiness, and painless self-administration. Moreover, it is possible to deliver the molecules swiftly or over time. Microneedles can vary in shape, size, and composition. The design process of a microneedle device must take into account several factors, like the location delivery, the material, and the manufacturing process. Microneedles have been used in a large number of fields from drug and vaccine application to cosmetics, therapy, diagnoses, tissue engineering, sample extraction, cancer research, and wound healing, among others.","PeriodicalId":510296,"journal":{"name":"Macromol","volume":"117 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-Situ Grown Nanohydroxyapatite on Graphene Oxide Nanoscrolls for Modulated Physicochemical Properties of Poly (Caprolactone) Composites 在氧化石墨烯纳米卷上原位生长纳米羟基磷灰石以调节聚（己内酯）复合材料的物理化学性能

Macromol Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.3390/macromol4020017

L. Mambiri, Gabrielle Broussard, Ja’Caleb Smith, D. Depan

{"title":"In-Situ Grown Nanohydroxyapatite on Graphene Oxide Nanoscrolls for Modulated Physicochemical Properties of Poly (Caprolactone) Composites","authors":"L. Mambiri, Gabrielle Broussard, Ja’Caleb Smith, D. Depan","doi":"10.3390/macromol4020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol4020017","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer composites with exceptional bioactivity and controlled in vitro degradation are crucial in tissue engineering. A promising approach involves combining graphene oxide nanoscrolls (GONSs) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) with polycaprolactone (PCL). The synergy of these components enables the mineralization of nHA within GONSs through a two-step process: first, oxygen-containing anionic groups in the GONSs anchor Ca2+ ions, followed by the formation of dispersed nHA through chelation with CaHPO42− via electrovalent bonding. A thermal analysis of the scaffolds’ morphology and microstructure was conducted via DSC and SEM imaging. Its enhanced physical properties are attributed to interactions between PCL and nHA–GONSs, as confirmed by an FTIR analysis showing strong interfacial bonding. Enzymatic degradation studies demonstrated reduced weight loss in PCL–nHA–GONS composites over 21 days, highlighting GONSs’ role in enhancing dimensional stability and reinforcement. An EDS analysis post-degradation revealed increased Ca2+ deposition on scaffolds with nHA–GONSs, indicating improved biopolymer–bioceramic interaction facilitated by the GONSs’ scrolled structure. This research offers a straightforward yet effective method for functionalizing GONSs with biologically beneficial nHA, potentially advancing graphene-based biomaterial development.","PeriodicalId":510296,"journal":{"name":"Macromol","volume":" March","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140990053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simultaneous Removal of Seven Pharmaceutical Compounds from a Water Mixture Using Modified Chitosan Adsorbent Materials 使用改性壳聚糖吸附材料同时去除水混合物中的七种药物化合物

Macromol Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.3390/macromol4020018

M. Papageorgiou, Konstantinos N. Maroulas, E. Evgenidou, D. Bikiaris, G. Kyzas, Dimitra A Lambropoulou

{"title":"Simultaneous Removal of Seven Pharmaceutical Compounds from a Water Mixture Using Modified Chitosan Adsorbent Materials","authors":"M. Papageorgiou, Konstantinos N. Maroulas, E. Evgenidou, D. Bikiaris, G. Kyzas, Dimitra A Lambropoulou","doi":"10.3390/macromol4020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol4020018","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmaceuticals are used to improve the lives of people across the globe. The high demand for their fabrication and use causes a very serious environmental threat since their presence is ubiquitous in aqueous matrices. For this reason, the synthesis, characterisation, and efficiency of three chitosan-based materials to eliminate pharmaceutical mixtures from aqueous solutions were examined in the present study. The target mixture comprised seven widely used drugs: carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, adefovir, levofloxacin, metronidazole, glibenclamide, and trimethoprim. The grafting of poly(ethylene imine) and poly(acrylamide) on the chitosan structure allowed its physical characteristics to be controlled. An adsorption assessment was performed at different pH values, and it was concluded that pH = 4 was the optimum value. The adsorption kinetics revealed that the adsorption of a drug mixture involves a combination of physical and chemical adsorption. The adsorption process appeared to be finished after 1 h for all compounds of the studied mixture, with CS-AMI exhibiting the fastest kinetics. Mass adsorption experiments were also carried out to determine its effects. Overall, the grafting process significantly increased the adsorption capacity over the pristine material. Specifically, the highest capacity increase for CS-PEI was ~220% for carbamazepine, and for CS-AMI, it was 158% for trimethoprim. FT-IR, SEM, and XRD were used for the characterisation of the polymers. Based on the findings, the three materials are suggested as very effective adsorbents for the elimination of medicine residues from aqueous matrices.","PeriodicalId":510296,"journal":{"name":"Macromol","volume":" 953","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140989232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Update of the Journal “Aims & Scope” 期刊更新 "目标与范围

Macromol Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.3390/macromol4020016

A. Díez-Pascual

引用次数: 0

Dilatational and Shear Interfacial Properties of Pea Protein Isolate Systems with Transglutaminase at the Air–Water Interface 含有转谷氨酰胺酶的豌豆蛋白分离体系在空气-水界面上的扩张和剪切界面特性

Macromol Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.3390/macromol4020012

N. Baldino, Olga Mileti, Mario F. O. Paleologo, F. R. Lupi, D. Gabriele

{"title":"Dilatational and Shear Interfacial Properties of Pea Protein Isolate Systems with Transglutaminase at the Air–Water Interface","authors":"N. Baldino, Olga Mileti, Mario F. O. Paleologo, F. R. Lupi, D. Gabriele","doi":"10.3390/macromol4020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol4020012","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the demand for foods without animal proteins has increased, both for health and ethical reasons. Replacing animal protein in foods can result in unappealing textures, hindering consumer acceptance. In this context, interfacial properties also play a crucial role in food systems like foam or emulsions. Therefore, the interfacial rheological behavior at the air–water interface of pea protein isolate (PPI) has been investigated to understand how affects food foam production. The PPI has been studied without modification and also through enzymatic treatment with transglutaminase (TG) to understand the interfacial properties of the modified proteins. Data obtained by static measurements have shown a surface activity of PPI comparable with other vegetable proteins, while the treatment with TG does not significantly alter the surface tension value and the interfacial adsorption rate. Differences have been found in the rearrangement rate, which decreases with TG, suggesting a possible crosslinking of the pea proteins. The PPI modified with TG, studied in dynamic conditions both in dilation and shear kinematics, are less elastic than PPI that is untreated but with a higher consistency, which may lead to poor foam stability. The lower complex interfacial modulus obtained under shear conditions also suggests a low long-time stability.","PeriodicalId":510296,"journal":{"name":"Macromol","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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