Knowledge最新文献

{"title":"Value Perception Analysis in the Brazilian Company of Research and Industrial Innovation","authors":"Isabela Evora Moreira, D. Fettermann, Viviane Vasconcellos Ferreira Grubisic","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4020009","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the perceived value of services provided by the Brazilian Company of Research and Industrial Innovation (EMBRAPII) to its contracting ministries and institutional partners. It utilizes the theory of value perception analysis and Constructivist Multi-criteria Decision Analysis to identify critical elements for evaluating EMBRAPII’s contracting organizations. Brainstorming sessions with experts led to the identification of five criteria and 14 sub-criteria. These criteria include a relationship with EMBRAPII, a signed agreement, EMBRAPII’s reputation, technical capacity, and the ability to adapt to changes. Data were entered into the second version of the MyMCDA-C software for value perception analysis. The findings showed a positive perceived value, with the best-performing sub-criteria relating to the organization’s reputation and the agreement signed. The study concludes that EMBRAPII needs to improve in areas such as adapting to change, the adequacy of its proposals for distinct types of partnership, and social media positioning. However, the contracting organizations generally support EMBRAPII’s direction and proposed solutions.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140746162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Omni-Secure Firewall System in a Private Cloud Environment","authors":"Salman Mahmood, Raza Hasan, Nor Adnan Yahaya, Saqib Hussain, Muzammil Hussain","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4020008","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the optimization of firewall systems within private cloud environments, specifically focusing on a 30-day evaluation of the Omni-Secure Firewall. Employing a multi-metric approach, the study introduces an innovative effectiveness metric (E) that amalgamates precision, recall, and redundancy considerations. The evaluation spans various machine learning models, including random forest, support vector machines, neural networks, k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, stochastic gradient descent, naive Bayes, logistic regression, gradient boosting, and AdaBoost. Benchmarking against service level agreement (SLA) metrics showcases the Omni-Secure Firewall’s commendable performance in meeting predefined targets. Noteworthy metrics include acceptable availability, target response time, efficient incident resolution, robust event detection, a low false-positive rate, and zero data-loss incidents, enhancing the system’s reliability and security, as well as user satisfaction. Performance metrics such as prediction latency, CPU usage, and memory consumption further highlight the system’s functionality, efficiency, and scalability within private cloud environments. The introduction of the effectiveness metric (E) provides a holistic assessment based on organizational priorities, considering precision, recall, F1 score, throughput, mitigation time, rule latency, and redundancy. Evaluation across machine learning models reveals variations, with random forest and support vector machines exhibiting notably high accuracy and balanced precision and recall. In conclusion, while the Omni-Secure Firewall System demonstrates potential, inconsistencies across machine learning models underscore the need for optimization. The dynamic nature of private cloud environments necessitates continuous monitoring and adjustment of security systems to fully realize benefits while safeguarding sensitive data and applications. The significance of this study lies in providing insights into optimizing firewall systems for private cloud environments, offering a framework for holistic security assessment and emphasizing the need for robust, reliable firewall systems in the dynamic landscape of private clouds. Study limitations, including the need for real-world validation and exploration of advanced machine learning models, set the stage for future research directions.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"516 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIKW as a General and Digital Twin Action Framework: Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom","authors":"Michael Grieves","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4020007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom, which is commonly referred to as DIKW. The DIKW Pyramid Model is a hierarchical model that is often referenced in both academic and practitioner circles. This model will be discussed and shown to be faulty on several levels, including a lack of definitional agreement. A new DIKW framework with systems orientation will be proposed that focuses on what the DIKW elements do in the way humans think, not what they are by definition. Information as a replacement for wasted physical resources in goal-oriented tasks will be a central organizing point. The paper will move the DIKW discussion to the computer-based concept of Digital Twins (DTs) and its augmentation of how we can use DIKW to be more effective and efficient. This will especially be the case as we move toward Intelligent Digital Twins (IDTs) with Artificial Intelligence (AI).","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140381895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resampling to Classify Rare Attack Tactics in UWF-ZeekData22","authors":"S. Bagui, D. Mink, S. Bagui, Sakthivel Subramaniam","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4010006","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major problems in classifying network attack tactics is the imbalanced nature of data. Typical network datasets have an extremely high percentage of normal or benign traffic and machine learners are skewed toward classes with more data; hence, attack data remain incorrectly classified. This paper addresses the class imbalance problem using resampling techniques on a newly created dataset, UWF-ZeekData22. This is the first dataset with tactic labels, labeled as per the MITRE ATT&CK framework. This dataset contains about half benign data and half attack tactic data, but specific tactics have a meager number of occurrences within the attack tactics. Our objective in this paper was to use resampling techniques to classify two rare tactics, privilege escalation and credential access, never before classified. The study also looks at the order of oversampling and undersampling. Varying resampling ratios were used with oversampling techniques such as BSMOTE and SVM-SMOTE and random undersampling without replacement was used. Based on the results, it can be observed that the order of oversampling and undersampling matters and, in many cases, even an oversampling ratio of 10% of the majority data is enough to obtain the best results.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"66 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of a Computing Curriculum Accessible to Students with ASD on the Development of Computing Artifacts","authors":"Abdu Arslanyilmaz, Margie Briley, Gregory V. Boerio, Katie Petridis, Ramlah Ilyas, Feng Yu","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4010005","url":null,"abstract":"There has been no study examining the effectiveness of an accessible computing curriculum for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on their learning of computational thinking concepts (CTCs), flow control, data representation, abstraction, user interactivity, synchronization, parallelism, and logic. This study aims to investigate the effects of an accessible computing curriculum for students with ASD on their learning of CTCs as measured by the scores of 312 computing artifacts developed by two groups of students with ASD. Conducted among 21 seventh-grade students with ASD (10 in the experimental group and 11 in the control), this study involved collecting data on the computing projects of these students over 24 instructional sessions. Group classification was considered the independent variable, and computing project scores were set as the dependent variables. The results showed that the original curriculum was statistically significantly more effective for students in learning logic than the accessible one when all seven CTCs were examined as a single construct. Both curriculums were statistically significantly effective in progressively improving students’ learning of data representation, abstraction, synchronization, parallelism, and all CTCs as a single construct when examining the gradual increase in their computing artifact scores over the 24 sessions. Both curriculums were statistically significantly effective in increasing the scores of synchronization and all CTCs as a single construct when the correlations between CTCs and sessions for individual groups were analyzed. The findings underscore that students with ASD can effectively learn computing skills through accessible or standard curriculums, provided that adjustments are made during delivery.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Curriculum in IDD Healthcare (CIDDH) eLearn Course: Evidence of Continued Effectiveness Using the Streamlined Evaluation and Analysis Method (SEAM)","authors":"J. Bartkowski, Xiaohe Xu, K. Klee","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4010004","url":null,"abstract":"Medical professionals are rarely trained to treat the unique healthcare needs and health disparities of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The Curriculum in IDD Healthcare (CIDDH) eLearn course aims to redress gaps in the delivery of medical care to people with IDD. An initial comprehensive evaluation of CIDDH in-person training content had previously underscored its knowledge and skill transfer efficacy for Mississippi healthcare providers. Training content has recently become available to medical professionals nationwide through an online self-paced modality to address physicians’ IDD education needs. This study introduces and applies a new evaluation framework called SEAM (Streamlined Evaluation and Analysis Method) that offers a promising avenue for rendering a follow-up appraisal after rigorous evidence of program effectiveness has been previously established. SEAM reduces the data-reporting burden on trainees and maximizes instructor–trainee contact time by relying on an abbreviated post-only questionnaire focused on subjective trainee appraisals. It further reduces methodological and analytical complexity to enhance programmatic self-assessment and facilitate sound data interpretation when an external evaluator is unavailable. Ratings from a small sample of early-cohort trainees provide an important test of effectiveness during CIDDH’s transition to online learning for clinicians nationwide. Using SEAM, CIDDH achieved high ratings from this initial wave of trainees across various evaluative domains. The study concludes by highlighting several promising implications for CIDDH and SEAM.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140442457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web Mining of Online Resources for German Labor Market Research and Education: Finding the Ground Truth?","authors":"Andreas Fischer, Jens Dörpinghaus","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4010003","url":null,"abstract":"The labor market is highly dependent on vocational and academic education, training, retraining, and further education in order to master challenges such as advancing digitalization and sustainability. Further training is a key factor in ensuring a qualified workforce, the employability of all employees, and, thus, national competitiveness and innovation. In the contribution at hand, we explore an innovative way to derive knowledge about learning pathways by connecting the dots from different data sources of the German labor market. In particular, we focus on the web mining of online resources for German labor market research and education, such as online advertisements, information portals, and official government websites. A key question for working with different data sources is how to find the ground truth and common data structures that can be used to make the data interoperable. We discuss how to classify and summarize web data from different platforms and which methods can be used for extracting data, entities and relationships from online resources on the German labor market to build a network of educational pathways. Our proposed solution is based on the classification of occupations (KldB) and related document codes (DKZ), and combines natural language processing and knowledge graph technologies. Our research provides the foundation for further investigation into educational pathways and linked data for labor market research. While our work focuses on German data, it is also useful for other German-speaking countries and could easily be extended to other languages such as English.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"227 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140450853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Challenges and Pitfalls in Identifying Threshold Concepts: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Paulo R. M. Correia, Ivan A. I. Soida, Izabela de Souza, Manolita C. Lima","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4010002","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration of threshold concepts, which represent a transformed way of understanding, interpreting, or viewing something necessary for a learner’s progress, has significantly influenced teaching and learning in higher education, gaining broad acceptance in academic circles. Despite widespread enthusiasm, the scientific development of the field faces obstacles, especially epistemological and ontological uncertainties, directly implying the reliability of identification techniques and, by extension, raising questions about the validity of previous findings. This comprehensive review delves into 60 articles sourced from the Web of Science database to scrutinize the literature on threshold concept identification. The findings confirm the adaptability of threshold concepts across diverse disciplines. However, the fluid definition inherent in these concepts introduces ontological challenges, influencing biases in the identification process. The review highlights the diverse identification methods influenced by knowledge area specificities, community affinities, and research practice traditions. A diagram depicting the methods employed to identify threshold concepts is offered to highlight five central decisions to be considered. Acknowledging professors as pivotal mediators adept at navigating the epistemological and ontological dimensions of threshold concepts while integrating theoretical and applied knowledge, this study enhances our nuanced understanding of threshold concept identification. Emphasizing methodological validity and reliability, it acknowledges the crucial role of experienced educators in this issue and presents future perspectives for advancing current research, fostering the maturation of the field.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agriculture Named Entity Recognition—Towards FAIR, Reusable Scholarly Contributions in Agriculture","authors":"Jennifer D’Souza","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4010001","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce the Open Research Knowledge Graph Agriculture Named Entity Recognition (the ORKG Agri-NER) corpus and service for contribution-centric scientific entity extraction and classification. The ORKG Agri-NER corpus is a seminal benchmark for the evaluation of contribution-centric scientific entity extraction and classification in the agricultural domain. It comprises titles of scholarly papers that are available as Open Access articles on a major publishing platform. We describe the creation of this corpus and highlight the obtained findings in terms of the following features: (1) a generic conceptual formalism focused on capturing scientific entities in agriculture that reflect the direct contribution of a work; (2) a performance benchmark for named entity recognition of scientific entities in the agricultural domain by empirically evaluating various state-of-the-art sequence labeling neural architectures and transformer models; and (3) a delineated 3-step automatic entity resolution procedure for the resolution of the scientific entities to an authoritative ontology, specifically AGROVOC that is released in the Linked Open Vocabularies cloud. With this work we aim to provide a strong foundation for future work on the automatic discovery of scientific entities in the scholarly literature of the agricultural domain.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"47 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139612225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Transformation of Health Professionals: Using the Context Optimisation Model for Person-Centred Analysis and Systematic Solutions (COMPASS) Implementation Model Use Case","authors":"Carey Ann Mather, Joshua Fraser Bailey, Helen Mary Almond","doi":"10.3390/knowledge3040042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge3040042","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s demanding healthcare landscape, the use of theoretical frameworks is paramount for navigating the complexities of digital health challenges. The Context Optimisation Model for Person-centred Analysis and Systematic Solutions (COMPASS) theoretical framework and implementation model serves as an invaluable direction tool in planning, implementing, and evaluating digital healthcare initiatives. This paper showcases the tangible value of the COMPASS implementation model through a use case scenario involving an accredited exercise physiologist and a healthcare user with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who seeks credible information via a mobile digital device. Within this example, the COMPASS model demonstrates the ability to enhance systematic processes, streamline the workflow of health professionals and develop their capabilities to actively contribute to the transformative realm of digital health. Through exploration of the use case and the significance of the systematic processes as a research direction, the empowerment of health professionals to play pivotal roles in ongoing digital health transformation is emphasised. The COMPASS model emerges as a powerful tool, guiding health professionals and organisations towards innovative and sustainable solutions in the dynamic landscape of digital healthcare.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139179371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}