Knowledge Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge4030022

Mohammad Munzir Ahanger, M. A. Wani, Vasile Palade

引用次数: 0

SmartLabAirgap: Helping Electrical Machines Air Gap Field Learning 智能实验室气隙：帮助电机气隙现场学习

Knowledge Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge4030021

Carla Terron-Santiago, J. Martínez-Román, J. Burriel-Valencia, Ángel Sapena-Bañó

{"title":"SmartLabAirgap: Helping Electrical Machines Air Gap Field Learning","authors":"Carla Terron-Santiago, J. Martínez-Román, J. Burriel-Valencia, Ángel Sapena-Bañó","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4030021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4030021","url":null,"abstract":"Undergraduate courses in electrical machines often include an introduction to the air gap magnetic field as a basic element in the energy conversion process. The students must learn the main properties of the field produced by basic winding configurations and how they relate to the winding current and frequency. This paper describes a new test equipment design aimed at helping students achieve these learning goals. The test equipment is designed based on four main elements: a modified slip ring induction machine, a winding current driver board, the DAQ boards, and a PC-based virtual instrument. The virtual instrument provides the winding current drivers with suitable current references depending on the user selected machine operational status (single- or three-phase/winding with DC or AC current) and measures and displays the air gap magnetic field for that operational status. Students’ laboratory work is organized into a series of experiments that guide their achievement of these air gap field-related abilities. Student learning, assessed based on pre- and post-lab exams and end-of-semester exams, has increased significantly. The students’ opinions of the relevance, usefulness, and motivational effects of the laboratory were also positive.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"118 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gesture Recognition of Filipino Sign Language Using Convolutional and Long Short-Term Memory Deep Neural Networks 使用卷积和长短期记忆深度神经网络识别菲律宾手语的手势

Knowledge Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge4030020

Karl Jensen Cayme, Vince Andrei Retutal, Miguel Edwin Salubre, P. Astillo, Luis Gerardo Cañete, Gaurav Choudhary

{"title":"Gesture Recognition of Filipino Sign Language Using Convolutional and Long Short-Term Memory Deep Neural Networks","authors":"Karl Jensen Cayme, Vince Andrei Retutal, Miguel Edwin Salubre, P. Astillo, Luis Gerardo Cañete, Gaurav Choudhary","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4030020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4030020","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the recent formalization of Filipino Sign Language (FSL) and the lack of comprehensive studies, this paper introduces a real-time FSL gesture recognition system. Unlike existing systems, which are often limited to static signs and asynchronous recognition, it offers dynamic gesture capturing and recognition of 10 common expressions and five transactional inquiries. To this end, the system sequentially employs cropping, contrast adjustment, grayscale conversion, resizing, and normalization of input image streams. These steps serve to extract the region of interest, reduce the computational load, ensure uniform input size, and maintain consistent pixel value distribution. Subsequently, a Convolutional Neural Network and Long-Short Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) model was employed to recognize nuances of real-time FSL gestures. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique over existing FSL recognition systems, achieving an impressive average accuracy, recall, and precision rate of 98%, marking an 11.3% improvement in accuracy. Furthermore, this article also explores lightweight conversion methods, including post-quantization and quantization-aware training, to facilitate the deployment of the model on resource-constrained platforms. The lightweight models show a significant reduction in model size and memory utilization with respect to the base model when executed in a Raspberry Pi minicomputer. Lastly, the lightweight model trained with the quantization-aware technique (99%) outperforms the post-quantization approach (97%), showing a notable 2% improvement in accuracy.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"122 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shannon Holes, Black Holes, and Knowledge: The Essential Tension for Autonomous Human–Machine Teams Facing Uncertainty 香农洞、黑洞和知识：面对不确定性的自主人机团队的基本张力

Knowledge Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge4030019

William Lawless, Ira S. Moskowitz

{"title":"Shannon Holes, Black Holes, and Knowledge: The Essential Tension for Autonomous Human–Machine Teams Facing Uncertainty","authors":"William Lawless, Ira S. Moskowitz","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4030019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4030019","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a new theory of knowledge with mathematics and a broad-based series of case studies to seek a better understanding of what constitutes knowledge in the field and its value for autonomous human–machine teams facing uncertainty in the open. Like humans, as teammates, artificial intelligence (AI) machines must be able to determine what constitutes the usable knowledge that contributes to a team’s success when facing uncertainty in the field (e.g., testing “knowledge” in the field with debate; identifying new knowledge; using knowledge to innovate), its failure (e.g., troubleshooting; identifying weaknesses; discovering vulnerabilities; exploitation using deception), and feeding the results back to users and society. It matters not whether a debate is public, private, or unexpressed by an individual human or machine agent acting alone; regardless, in this exploration, we speculate that only a transparent process advances the science of autonomous human–machine teams, assists in interpretable machine learning, and allows a free people and their machines to co-evolve. The complexity of the team is taken into consideration in our search for knowledge, which can also be used as an information metric. We conclude that the structure of “knowledge”, once found, is resistant to alternatives (i.e., it is ordered); that its functional utility is generalizable; and that its useful applications are multifaceted (akin to maximum entropy production). Our novel finding is the existence of Shannon holes that are gaps in knowledge, a surprising “discovery” to only find Shannon there first.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Academic Performance of Excellence: The Impact of Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Time Management Planning 卓越的学习成绩：自我调节学习和学业时间管理规划的影响

Knowledge Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge4020016

A. Lourenço, Maria Olímpia Paiva

{"title":"Academic Performance of Excellence: The Impact of Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Time Management Planning","authors":"A. Lourenço, Maria Olímpia Paiva","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4020016","url":null,"abstract":"The Program for International Student Assessment highlights the persistent lack of commitment and motivation among students worldwide in their school activities, which are resulting in decreased proficiency levels in reading, mathematics, and science. The magnitude of this phenomenon, with its clear social implications, suggests that we are facing a concerning quest for immediate answers and results. This research focuses on the impact of the relationships between self-regulated learning processes and the planning of time management that is dedicated to school activities on student performance, specifically in the subjects of the Mother Tongue and Mathematics. The instruments used for analysis included the Inventory of Self-Regulated Learning Processes, the Inventory of Time Management Planning, a personal data sheet, and a school data sheet. The sample in this study consisted of 688 students from primary schools in northern Portugal. The results reveal that self-regulated learning has a positive influence on how students plan time management, both in the short and long term. Additionally, a positive and statistically significant relationship is observed between short-term and long-term time management planning and students’ academic performance. This study provides an in-depth perspective on the dynamics between these elements, shedding light on the crucial nuances that shape students’ academic journeys.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"85 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ill-Thought-Through Aim to Eliminate the Education Gap across the Socio-Economic Spectrum 消除各社会经济阶层教育差距的不周目标

Knowledge Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge4020015

Ognjen Arandjelovíc

{"title":"The Ill-Thought-Through Aim to Eliminate the Education Gap across the Socio-Economic Spectrum","authors":"Ognjen Arandjelovíc","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4020015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In an era of dramatic technological progress, the consequent economic transformations, and an increasing need for an adaptable workforce, the importance of education has risen to the forefront of the social discourse. The concurrent increase in the awareness of issues pertaining to social justice and the debate over what this justice entails and how it ought to be effected, feed into the education policy more than ever before. From the nexus of the aforementioned considerations, concern about the so-called education gap has emerged, with worldwide efforts to close it. Methods: I analyze the premises behind such efforts and demonstrate that they are founded upon fundamentally flawed ideas. Results: I show that in a society in which education is delivered equitably, education gaps emerge naturally as a consequence of differentiation due to talents, the tendency for matched mate selection, and the heritability of intellectual traits. Conclusion: I issue a call for a redirection of efforts away from the ill-founded idea of closing the education gap to the understanding of the magnitude of its unfair contributions, as well as to those social aspects that can modulate it in accordance with what a society deems fair according to its values.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Process of Digital Data Flow in RE/CAD/RP/CAI Systems Concerning Planning Surgical Procedures in the Craniofacial Area RE/CAD/RP/CAI 系统中与颅颌面外科手术规划有关的数字数据流过程

Knowledge Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge4020014

Paweł Turek, Ewelina Dudek, Mateusz Grzywa, Kacper Więcek

{"title":"The Process of Digital Data Flow in RE/CAD/RP/CAI Systems Concerning Planning Surgical Procedures in the Craniofacial Area","authors":"Paweł Turek, Ewelina Dudek, Mateusz Grzywa, Kacper Więcek","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4020014","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the process of digital data flow in RE/CAD/RP/CAI systems to develop models for planning surgical procedures in the craniofacial area. At the first RE modeling stage, digital data processing, segmentation, and the reconstruction of the geometry of the anatomical structures were performed. During the CAD modeling stage, three different concepts were utilized. The first concept was used to create a tool that could mold the geometry of the cranial vault. The second concept was created to prepare a prototype implant that would complement the anterior part of the mandibular geometry. And finally, the third concept was used to design a customized prototype surgical plate that would match the mandibular geometry accurately. Physical models were made using a rapid prototyping technique. A Bambu Lab X1 3D printer was used for this purpose. The process of geometric accuracy evaluation was carried out on manufactured prototypes of surgical plates made of ABS+, CPE, PLA+, and PETG material. In the geometric accuracy evaluation process, the smallest deviation values were obtained for the ABS plus material, within a tolerance of ±0.1 mm, and the largest were obtained for CPE (±0.2 mm) and PLA plus (±0.18 mm). In terms of the surface roughness evaluation, the highest value of the Sa parameter was obtained for the PLA plus material, which was 4.15 µm, and the lowest was obtained for the CPE material, equal to 3.62 µm. The knowledge of the flow of digital data and the identification of factors determining the accuracy of mapping the geometry of anatomical structures allowed for the development of a procedure that improves the modeling and manufacturing of anatomical structures within the craniofacial region.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns of Service Utilization across the Full Continuum of Care: Using Patient Journeys to Assess Disparities in access to Health Services 全程医疗服务的利用模式：利用患者旅程评估获得医疗服务方面的差异

Knowledge Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge4020013

Jonas Bambi, G. Dong, Yudi Santoso, Ken Moselle, Sophie Dugas, Kehinde Olobatuyi, Abraham Rudnick, Ernie Chang, Alex Kuo

{"title":"Patterns of Service Utilization across the Full Continuum of Care: Using Patient Journeys to Assess Disparities in access to Health Services","authors":"Jonas Bambi, G. Dong, Yudi Santoso, Ken Moselle, Sophie Dugas, Kehinde Olobatuyi, Abraham Rudnick, Ernie Chang, Alex Kuo","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4020013","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare organizations have a contractual obligation to the public to address population-level inequities to health services access and shed light on them. Various studies have focused on achieving equitable access to healthcare services for vulnerable patients. However, these studies do not provide a nuanced perspective based on the local reality across the full continuum of care. In previous work, graph topology was used to provide visual depictions of the dynamics of patients’ movement across a complex healthcare system. Using patients’ encounters data represented as a graph, this study expands on previous work and proposes a methodology to identify and quantify cohort-specific disparities in accessing healthcare services across the continuum of care. The result has demonstrated that a more nuanced approach to assessing access-to-care disparity is doable using patients’ patterns of service utilization from a longitudinal cross-continuum healthcare dataset. The proposed method can be used as part of a toolkit to support healthcare organizations that wish to structure their services to provide better care to their vulnerable populations based on the local realities. This provides a first step in addressing inequities for vulnerable patients in accessing healthcare services. However, additional steps need to be considered to fully address these inequities.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflections on Knowledge Production in Humanities from an Academic Exchange Experience 从一次学术交流经历反思人文学科的知识生产

Knowledge Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge4020011

Mariángela Napoli

{"title":"Reflections on Knowledge Production in Humanities from an Academic Exchange Experience","authors":"Mariángela Napoli","doi":"10.3390/knowledge4020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge4020011","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades, the knowledge production, research, and reconfiguration of universities have been understood as ways of giving new meanings to the university–society binomial. In this regard, humanities are the subject of multiple debates in the face of ideas about their impact in relation to the “other sciences”. Based on these premises, this article sets out to explore possible meanings attributed by researchers to the concepts of commitment, mobilization, and transfer of research in humanities in view of the debates on the university–society interaction and the third mission of the university. The methodology used will address bibliographical analysis, theoretical background, and statements from different institutions, as well as the analysis of material from four interviews. As a first instance, the preliminary results show that strengthening critical thinking as forms of commitment emerge as central senses, focusing on Hungarian characteristics and productions in order to unravel the ways of understanding and imagining Eastern European reality. In this respect, the discussion of certain aspects of Western knowledge is seen as a task associated with social commitment with public universities as a focus of resistance.","PeriodicalId":510293,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Active Approach for Teaching and Learning Electrical Technology 积极的电气技术教学方法

Knowledge Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.3390/knowledge4020010

Carla Terron-Santiago, J. Burriel-Valencia, J. Martínez-Román, Ángel Sapena-Bañó

引用次数: 0

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