Ecography最新文献

{"title":"‘biomod2' – extending presence–absence species distribution models to multiple data types","authors":"Maya Guéguen,&nbsp;Hélène Blancheteau,&nbsp;Rémi Lemaire-Patin,&nbsp;Wilfried Thuiller","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08588","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecog.08588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The R package ‘biomod2' is one of the most widely used and versatile tools for species distribution modelling (SDM), enabling ecologists to calibrate, evaluate, and project species–environment relationships across space and time using multiple modelling algorithms and ensemble forecasting. Here, we present its latest and most comprehensive version, which substantially expands its scope by accommodating diverse ecological data types within a unified modelling workflow. Importantly, ‘biomod2' is designed to handle each data type (e.g. presence-only, presence–absence, counts, multi-class abundance, or relative/absolute abundance) independently, ensuring methodological rigor and avoiding the integration of incompatible data formats or model types. This approach allows users to model biomass, land cover, habitat suitability, and other ecological metrics without conflating distinct data streams or analytical frameworks.</p><p>We have fully restructured the workflow to improve usability and reproducibility, introducing clearer function organization, standardized parameter names, and substantially revised documentation. The update also includes new methodological features such as enhanced cross-validation schemes, improved pseudo-absence selection strategies, expanded model parametrization options, additional algorithms, and new tools for exploring and visualizing outputs. Together, these developments provide a more flexible, transparent, and easily shareable framework for SDM, supporting comparison, uncertainty analyses, and ensemble predictions across a broad range of ecological questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecog.08588","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148365233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regeneration failure, fire, topography, and climate interact to drive temperate wet forest landscapes into fire traps","authors":"George L. W. Perry,&nbsp;Craig E. Simpkins,&nbsp;Kiri Reihana,&nbsp;James M. R. Brock,&nbsp;Peter J. Bellingham","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08550","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecog.08550","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Where early successional forests are more flammable than old-growth forests, forested landscapes are vulnerable to shifting into ‘fire traps' through positive feedbacks, where fire leads to more fire. These feedbacks are amplified by increased flammability driven by climate change, the presence of non-native flammable plant species, and slowed regeneration due to herbivory or dispersal limitation. In simulated landscapes with topographic variation, gullies act as refugia for older vegetation, modifying successional trajectories. Previous studies in Aotearoa–New Zealand have shown that fire, seed and seedling predation, and herbivory can interact to drive warm-temperate forest landscapes toward states dominated by flammable, early-successional vegetation (fire traps). We build on those previous studies, using a spatially explicit state-and-transition model to evaluate how topography and climate affect succession rates and the risk that landscapes could become fire traps. We also used the model to evaluate whether and how interactions among topography, climate, non-native mammalian herbivores, and non-native plants influenced the rate of succession. Although increased fire frequency was sufficient to drive landscapes into fire traps, non-native mammals intensified these effects by slowing regeneration and prolonging the period that vegetation remained in a high flammability, early successional state. Invasion by flammable, fire-adapted non-native woody species was favoured by frequent fire, and their presence further amplified positive fire–vegetation interactions. Interactions between fire regime and landscape context, such as the nature of the surrounding landscape mosaic, can further intensify these feedback dynamics. Ecosystem changes that are driven and reinforced by positive feedback dynamics challenge restoration efforts. Minimising the risk of warm temperate rainforest landscapes tipping into fire traps will require managing them through vulnerable flammable early successional communities as quickly as possible by 1) suppressing fire during this period and 2) minimising the effects of stressors that impede regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecog.08550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148408830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic and deterministic processes influencing mountain mire diatom communities across spatial scales","authors":"Fernanda Gonzalez- Saldias,&nbsp;Angel Rain- Franco,&nbsp;Joan Gomà,&nbsp;Jorge García- Girón,&nbsp;Aaron Pérez- Haase","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding how deterministic and stochastic processes influence the shape of microorganism community assembly across different spatial scales is essential for disentangling biodiversity patterns. Mires are nutrient-poor and heterogeneous wetlands that form isolated habitats supporting highly diverse diatom assemblages, particularly in mountainous areas, allowing the evaluation of dispersal and species sorting forces. Diatoms are known as ubiquitous microalgae that disperse passively and whose community can endure changing environmental conditions. While their diversity is well documented, the mechanisms driving diatom community assembly across spatial scales remain unclear. Here, we quantified the influence of ecological drift, environmental selection, and dispersal following a null-modelling procedure based on morphology-based phylogenetic distance (βNTI) and compositional turnover (RC_Bray) in diatom communities from 18 mountain mires across four Iberian national parks. We conducted the study using a hierarchical spatial design: local (within mire): &lt; 1 km, landscape (within national park): 1.5–45 km, and regional (Iberian Peninsula): 200–800 km (between national parks). Our results reveal a spatial continuum in community organization, shifting from a predominance of homogenizing dispersal at local scales (explaining up to 55.6 ± 28.5% of community variation) to ecological drift (27.8 ± 24.7%) and heterogeneous selection (environmental filtering) (22.5 ± 10.0%) at landscape and regional scales. These findings shed light on the scale-dependent interplay of community assembly processes in shaping diatom biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems, highlighting how the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes shifts across multiple spatial scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecog.08293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-level egg and larval trait interactions with the Amazon River plume determine its role as a dispersal barrier","authors":"Ramon B. Santos,&nbsp;Nelson A. Gouveia,&nbsp;Douglas F. M. Gherardi","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08501","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecog.08501","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Amazon River plume (ARP) functions as a dynamic and porous biogeographic barrier whose permeability to larval dispersal depends on the interplay between species' biological traits and oceanographic processes. Using biophysical modeling combined with a dual analytical framework, namely a multivariate regression tree (MRT) and a generalized additive model (GAM), this study quantifies the factors regulating this permeability for eggs and larvae, taking into account a community-based approach of broad taxonomic groups present within the regional species pool, including corals, marine gastropods, crustaceans, and fishes in the western tropical Atlantic. Our results reveal a clear hierarchy of controls, with planktonic larval duration (PLD) emerging as the primary determinant, explaining most of the variation in dispersal distances (58%). Diel vertical migration (DVM) was the second biological key factor (11%), modulating whether larvae were locally retained (with DVM) or exported to distant regions (without DVM). Seasonality and the geographic context of spawning habitats further shaped larval interactions with the plume, reinforcing the spatial and temporal complexity of this system. Overall, the ARP acts not as an absolute barrier but as a continuum of permeability, a selective filter that restricts dispersal of eggs and larvae of coastal species with short PLDs and low physiological tolerance, yet facilitates exchange for communities with greater dispersal capacity and behavioral plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecog.08501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary partitioning mediates species coexistence in the high seas area of northwest Pacific","authors":"Na Zang,&nbsp;Bilin Liu,&nbsp;Wenjun Zheng,&nbsp;Yushuang Luo,&nbsp;André E. Punt,&nbsp;Xinjun Chen,&nbsp;Dongming Lin","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08252","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecog.08252","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Niche partitioning, manifesting along various axes of the ecological niche, is a fundamental mechanism mediating species coexistence in a system. However, the emergence of many species in marine ecosystems would face considerable constraints in achieving coexistence through spatiotemporal differentiation mechanisms under the framework of niche partitioning. Consequently, dietary specialization may be the key mechanism to mediate coexistence, but lacks empirical support, especially for the oceanic system exhibiting heterogeneity and phenological variability in resource availability. We herein used data from nine pelagic species (five fish and four squid) sampled from the high seas area of the northwest Pacific during the summer season, when they migrate there to optimize foraging efficiency and growth, and evaluated their niche partitioning in terms of dietary specialization. We measured the bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and essential fatty acids of the nine species to estimate the isotopic and nutritional niche spaces, and employed Hutchinson's n-dimensional hypervolume framework to examine the degree of dietary specialization. Results revealed that pairwise overlap of isotopic niches was observed for all species, though some species occupied distinct isotopic niche spaces. In contrast, the nutritional niche space, estimated using essential fatty acids, was mostly separate for each species, coupled with small or zero overlap between paired species. Furthermore, the specialization index, estimated using either stable isotopes or essential fatty acids, was consistently large for the nine species, while nestedness was relatively low. These findings reveal that the nine species partition their nutritional niche spaces to mitigate the competition caused by dietary niche overlaps, coinciding with the mechanism of dietary specialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecog.08252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global analysis suggests nitrogen deposition as an underestimated driver of vegetation greening","authors":"Jonas Trepel,&nbsp;Joe Atkinson,&nbsp;Oliver Baines,&nbsp;Matthew Kerr,&nbsp;Elizabeth le Roux,&nbsp;Hannah Rubin,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Svenning,&nbsp;Robert Buitenwerf","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08631","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecog.08631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The local effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on plants are well established, yet a global empirical analysis of nitrogen deposition effects on vegetation dynamics is missing. Here, we assess how nitrogen deposition, alongside other global change drivers such as fire, and changes in temperature, precipitation and human land use, is related to changes in vegetation greenness (enhanced vegetation index; EVI) from 2001 to 2024, and whether protected areas (PAs) mitigate these impacts. We found that increases in greenness were strongly and positively linked to nitrogen deposition and this pattern held across major ecosystem types. Nitrogen deposition also had a larger coefficient estimate and explained more variation in the spatial pattern of vegetation greening than the other drivers, suggesting the association of greening with nitrogen deposition may be even stronger than with climate and land-use change. Although EVI increased slightly slower inside PAs, protection status did not alter the relationship between nitrogen deposition and greening. Our findings suggest atmospheric nitrogen deposition as a critical but often underestimated potential driver of global vegetation dynamics. Reducing nitrogen deposition, alongside greenhouse gas emissions and land-use pressures, is therefore essential for sustaining ecosystem functioning and biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecog.08631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148564727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dual influence of top-down and bottom-up processes on a mesopredator and the consequences for prey","authors":"Camilla Wikenros,&nbsp;Emelie Sabrie,&nbsp;, Gunnar Jansson,&nbsp;Henrik Andrén","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08663","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecog.08663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ecosystem dynamics are shaped by interacting top-down and bottom-up processes, yet their relative importance may vary through time following disturbances such as disease outbreaks and changes in apex predator communities. Using a 52-year time series in south-central Sweden, we examined how disease, apex predators, and prey availability jointly impact a mesopredator, the red fox <i>Vulpes vulpes</i>, and how these dynamics propagate to secondary prey. Potential drivers of fox dynamics (number of litters) were vole <i>Clethrionomys glareolus</i> and <i>Microtus agrestis</i> abundance, sarcoptic mange outbreaks, and the re-establishment of Eurasian lynx <i>Lynx lynx</i> and wolves <i>Canis lupus</i>, and we assessed potential subsequent effects on hare <i>Lepus europaeus</i> and <i>L. timidus</i> and woodland grouse <i>Lyrurus tetrix</i> and <i>Tetrao urogallus</i> densities. Fox litter numbers were positively associated with vole abundance throughout the study period, indicating persistent bottom-up regulation. In contrast, top-down effects were evident through reductions in the number of fox litters during sarcoptic mange outbreaks and following the simultaneous presence of lynx and wolves. Support for the mesopredator release hypothesis was context-dependent: densities of secondary prey increased during the mange outbreak but declined after apex predator re-establishment, despite reduced number of fox litters. Moreover, the characteristic synchrony between voles and secondary prey weakened following the return of apex predators, suggesting direct and indirect effects beyond mesopredator suppression. Our results demonstrate that fox reproduction is regulated by concurrent top-down and bottom-up processes and that apex predator recovery can alter trophic relationships and not only reverse mesopredator release.</p>","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecog.08663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-SDM 2.0: a reengineered software with extended features for nested species distribution modelling","authors":"Antoine Adde,&nbsp;Teresa Goicolea,&nbsp;Antoine Guisan,&nbsp;Florian Altermatt","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08547","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Species distribution models (SDMs) are central tools for predicting and forecasting how species respond to environmental changes, yet their reliability depends on accurately capturing ecological processes across spatial scales while accounting for uneven data availability and resolution. Models calibrated over spatially restricted extents are often prone to truncating species' niches, whereas broad-scale models typically rely on coarse datasets that overlook fine-scale habitat constraints. The spatially nested SDM (N-SDM) approach addresses this challenge by combining global- and regional-level models to couple large-scale drivers with detailed, high-resolution environmental data. Here, we present N-SDM 2.0, a reengineered and extended successor to the original N-SDM software – the first end-to-end high-performance computing platform for spatially nested species distribution modelling. The new version offers improved usability and modularity, along with an extended range of modelling features, while maintaining continuity for users of the previous release. New modelling features include additional nesting methods, background-point generation strategies, and cross-validation options. These developments are complemented by an improved workflow architecture, a refined settings system, streamlined data-preparation steps, and greater control over data usage across spatial levels as well as error handling. N-SDM 2.0 is designed for flexible integration into heterogeneous high-performance computing environments, supporting large-extent and high-resolution biodiversity forecasting across an extensive number of species and projection scenarios. Beyond pure technical advances, N-SDM 2.0 strengthens the conceptual foundation of spatially nested species distribution modelling, introducing new features that form an open and scalable framework for mapping species distributions and robustly projecting their responses to global environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecog.08547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximising trait evenness promotes the recovery of plant species richness in managed grasslands","authors":"Nathan Rondeau,&nbsp;Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet,&nbsp;Frédérique Louault,&nbsp;Raphael Martin,&nbsp;Pascal Carrère,&nbsp;Katja Klumpp,&nbsp;Pierre Liancourt,&nbsp;Nicolas Gross","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08309","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecog.08309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Land-use intensification threatens biodiversity, and restoring degraded ecosystems remains challenging due to the difficulty of identifying the rules governing community assembly and dynamics. Investigating the temporal dynamics of trait-abundance distributions (TADs) along long-term time series offers a promising approach to disentangle the influence of stochastic (e.g. climatic variability, ecological drift) and deterministic processes (e.g. biotic interactions, abiotic filtering) in shaping ecological communities and guiding biodiversity restoration. We used a long-term restoration experiment conducted in a species-poor, historically intensively managed grassland (Massif-central, France) to evaluate the relationships between land-use intensity, TADs dynamics, and the recovery of grassland plant species richness. TADs were quantified annually from 2004 to 2021 based on four traits related to plant architecture and leaf carbon economy. We analysed the temporal variability of TADs using the skewness–kurtosis relationship (SKR), a framework that explicitly accounts for stochasticity while revealing the imprint of deterministic processes on community assembly. TADs dynamics were not random, but were constrained according to trait- and land-use-specific SKR patterns. The cessation of fertilisation shifted TADs for all traits, from peaked distributions under fertilised management to more uniform distributions under unfertilised conditions. In the unfertilised treatment, TADs were also more stable than expected by chance and converged toward maximal trait evenness. Maximisation in trait evenness occurred during the early years of the experiment and preceded the long-term recovery of plant species richness. By explicitly accounting for stochastic community dynamics, our study reveals how plant communities reassemble during ecological restoration of grasslands historically degraded by intensive management and identifies the maximisation of trait evenness as a predictive benchmark linking early community reorganisation to long-term biodiversity recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecog.08309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive interactions modify the direct effects of climate","authors":"Ditte Marie Christiansen,&nbsp;Johan Ehrlén,&nbsp;Kristoffer Hylander","doi":"10.1111/ecog.07322","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ecog.07322","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the climate is changing, species respond by changing their distributions and abundances. The effects of climate are not only direct, but also occur via changes in biotic interactions, such as competition. Yet, the role of competition in mediating the effects of climate is still largely unclear. To examine how climate influences species performance, directly and via competition with other species, we transplanted two moss species differing in climate niches, alone and together at 59 sites along a climate gradient. Growth was monitored over three growing seasons. In the absence of competition, both species performed better under warmer conditions. Yet, when transplanted together, a warmer climate had negative effects on the northern moss, while the effects remained positive for the southern species. The negative effect of a cold climate on the southern species was larger when both species were transplanted together. Over three growing seasons, the southern species almost outcompeted the northern in warmer climates. Our results illustrate how competitive interactions can modify, and even reverse, the direct effects of climate on organism performance. A broader implication of our results is that species interactions can have important effects on how environmental and climate change influence performance and abundance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51026,"journal":{"name":"Ecography","volume":"2026 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ecog.07322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}