Langmuir最新文献

{"title":"Fe–Cu Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework/Graphene Hybrid Electrodes for Advanced Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"Pankaj,Nihal,Pooja Saini,Suresh Kumar,J. K. Goswamy","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05248","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained significant attention as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitors owing to their high specific surface area, tunable porous structure, and unique physicochemical properties. Herein, we demonstrate solvothermal synthesis of bimetallic Fe–Cu MOFs using iron and copper precursors and 2-aminoterephthalic acid as the organic linker. In order to overcome the inherent low electrical conductivity of MOFs, hybrids were prepared by incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at varying weight percentages. The main objective of the present study is to prepare supercapacitor electrodes by integrating the highly pseudocapacitive activity of the Fe–Cu MOFs with the excellent electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide. UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) characterization techniques confirmed the successful preparation of the Fe–Cu MOF/rGO hybrid. Electrochemical characterization showed that the FCG-10 (Fe–Cu MOF–10 wt % rGO) hybrid electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 814.60 F g–1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s–1. Galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD)-derived specific capacitance was found to be 706.85 F g–1 at 1 A g–1 in a three-electrode configuration. The FCG-10//rGO asymmetric supercapacitor, assembled using 1.30 mg of FCG-10 and 1.60 mg of rGO, showed a device-specific capacitance of 174.07 F g–1, an energy density of 28.19 Wh kg–1, and a power density of 539.80 W kg–1 at 1 A g–1. The FCG-10 electrode retained 91.8% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 GCD cycles in the three-electrode configuration. In a separate two-electrode FCG-10//rGO asymmetric device, the device retained 89.23% of its capacitance after 6000 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of the highly porous Fe–Cu MOF and conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The promising results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides an effective platform for the development of next-generation supercapacitor devices.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Pt@β-Cyclodextrin/ZIF-8 Hybrid Thin Films: From Interfacial Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to Enhanced Methanol Oxidation Performance in Fuel Cell","authors":"Azam Zare Asadabadi,S. Jafar Hoseini,Mehrangiz Bahrami,S. Masoud Nabavizadeh","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c04516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c04516","url":null,"abstract":"We report the design, synthesis, and electrocatalytic evaluation of two platinum-containing thin film catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR): Pt@β-cyclodextrin (Pt@β-CD) and Pt@β-CD confined within zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Pt@β-CD/ZIF-8). Both materials were comprehensively characterized by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, BET, and AFM. Notably, Pt@β-CD exhibits a previously unreported Pt-induced surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signature: a broad doublet attributable to Raman-active β-CD-derived interfacial species (including oxidized CD products), supported by synthesis conditions and its suppression after ZIF-8 encapsulation. Zeta-potential measurements (≈ −58 mV) and combined spectroscopic evidence indicate a charge-transfer-mediated chemical enhancement mechanism tied to deprotonated β-CD surface species. Encapsulation in ZIF-8 yields a hybrid architecture that enhances methanol uptake and retention via β-CD host–guest interactions, promotes in situ ZIF-8 growth through – OH coordination to Zn2+, reduces particle aggregation, and improves wettability and pore accessibility. Electrochemical testing in acidic (Pt@β-CD) and alkaline (Pt@β-CD/ZIF-8) media shows that both catalysts deliver comparable peak current densities, onset potentials, Jf/Jb ratio, poisoning resistances, corrosion currents, mass activities, and specific power outputs, while the Pt@β-CD/ZIF-8 composite demonstrates superior performance due to stabilization and local methanol enrichment within the MOF network. These findings reveal a dual role for β-CD as a molecular stabilizer and surface-chemical modifier that both enables a unique Pt-mediated SERS response and improves MOR kinetics and stability when combined with ZIF-8 confinement.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress on the Tribological Properties of Porous Oil-Impregnated Polyimide for Bearing Cages","authors":"Zhengrong Xu,Ke Wu,Daniele Botto,Ningning Zhou,Tao Qing,Yuguo Cui,Jinbang Li","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05789","url":null,"abstract":"Porous oil-impregnated polyimide (iPPI) combines the functions of oil storage, oil supply, and oil reabsorption, offering significant potential for applications in space bearings and under starved-oil lubrication applications. This Review focuses on research progress in the tribological properties of porous polyimide (PPI), systematically elaborating on its structural characteristics, liquid storage behavior, self-lubricating antiwear mechanisms, and performance optimization methods. The formation mechanism, the structural characteristics, and their impact on the oil and mechanical properties of pores are highlighted. Research progress in lubrication models, friction-contact types, PPI modification, structural optimization, preparation technology optimization, and lubricant medium optimization is summarized. The results indicate that the tribological properties of iPPI are determined by the pore structure, the properties of the lubricating medium, and its dynamic migration behavior within the pores and are significantly influenced by the service conditions and the counterpart materials. Research in this field is progressively shifting from single-parameter adjustment toward collaborative design and predictable design for complex service requirements.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-Assisted Deposition of Titanium Nitride Nanoparticles and Electronic Structure of Ideal Contacts","authors":"Jianwei Che,Cong Yang,Hui Li,Zhihong Liu","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c04289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c04289","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium bipolar plates require surface modification to balance corrosion response and electrical contact resistance. Presynthesized TiN nanoparticles were deposited on Ti by ultrasonic-assisted electrophoretic deposition. In an illustrative comparison of one SEM field per condition, the ultrasound-assisted deposit (40 kHz) showed fewer dark defects: 0.45 versus 2.97% without ultrasound. Five local thickness measurements in one cross section gave 37.58 ± 1.81 μm. XRD supported retention of crystalline TiN, while XPS showed a chemically mixed surface consistent with the preparation history. Room-temperature polarization and impedance measurements in 0.5 mol L–1 H2SO4 + 2 mg L–1 F– showed a potential shift from approximately −0.45 to −0.35 V versus SCE and a higher impedance for the ultrasound-assisted specimen relative to the nonultrasound specimen. Initial gold-contact resistance was approximately 3.2 mΩ cm2 at 1.4 MPa, compared with 4.1 mΩ cm2 for bare Ti. These curves illustrate the tested specimens. Independently, calculations of ideal Ti/TiN contacts resolved registry- and termination-dependent electronic distributions and local Ti–N interactions. The study provides an experimental case for ultrasound-assisted particle assembly and a separate electronic reference for Ti/TiN contact design.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supramolecular Microgel Disassembly to Control Pickering Emulsion Stabilization and Destabilization","authors":"A. Brézault,P. Garrigue,V. Ravaine,V. Schmitt,P. Perrin,N. Sanson","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c03753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c03753","url":null,"abstract":"Microgel-stabilized Pickering emulsions are of great interest both in fundamental science and in applications for their long-term stability and their possible on-demand destabilization by microgel stimulation. In previous studies, the microgel structure has been proven to be a key parameter in the emulsion stabilization mechanism. Here, we take advantage of the on-demand controlled degradation of PNIPAM-based supramolecular microgels to modify in situ their structure and thus study the role of this parameter in both the emulsion stabilization and destabilization mechanisms. First, the study of microgels with different architectures confirms that, at a given microgel concentration, microgels with a more pronounced core–shell structure and/or a smaller cross-linker content more efficiently limit droplet coalescence and thus lead to smaller surface coverage and smaller droplet sizes. This result is attributed to the lower cross-linker concentration in the microgel shell that can entangle more efficiently at the droplet interface. Second, the partial cleavage by chemical oxidation of the supramolecular cross-linkers, based on an Fe(II)/bis-terpyridine complex, allows us to modify in situ the shell cross-linker content before emulsification and thus to confirm its key role in the emulsion stabilization mechanism. Third, the control of the complete microgel degradation kinetics, directly linked to the initial supramolecular cross-linker distribution and content, permits to finely tune the emulsion destabilization time. Therefore, the use of a cleavable supramolecular cross-linker not only permits us to elucidate the complex mechanisms governing the stabilization and destabilization of microgel-stabilized emulsions but also opens possibilities for the development of responsive emulsion systems with well-controlled properties.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty-Five Years of PM-IRRAS: Advancing the Understanding of Organized Molecular Films on Gold Electrodes","authors":"Zhangfei Su,Vlad Zamlynny,Izabella Brand,J. Jay Leitch,Thamara Laredo,Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser,Sarah L. Horswell,Christa Brosseau,Dusan Mrdenovic,Piotr Pieta,Slawomir Sek,Julia Alvarez-Malmagro,Francisco Prieto-Dapena,Dorota Matyszewska,Renata Bilewicz,Nuria Garcia-Araez,Aicheng Chen,Jacek Lipkowski","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05520","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a comprehensive review of advances in polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) for studying organized molecular films at electrode surfaces over the past 25 years. After briefly reviewing the history of PM-IRRAS and the principles of data processing, we describe its application to a wide range of molecular films formed on electrodes. PM-IRRAS produces infrared spectra of molecular films adsorbed on metal surfaces, which closely resemble conventional transmission IR spectra, allowing accurate determination of band positions, widths, and intensities. The technique provides unique molecular-level information, including band assignments, molecular mobility, conformation, physical state, molecular orientation within the film, and hydrogen bonding between solvent molecules and the polar headgroups of film constituents. Furthermore, PM-IRRAS offers significant advantages for in situ investigations of electrochemical interfaces under potential control by minimizing interference from the absorption of aqueous solutions. The combination of potential control with PM-IRRAS provides a means of investigating changes in film structure and stability under applied electric fields. The quantitative power of PM-IRRAS is demonstrated by its application to diverse systems ranging from physisorbed films of insoluble surfactants, weakly and strongly chemisorbed monolayers, supported lipid bilayers, interactions of antimicrobial peptides with lipid bilayers, peripheral proteins bound to phospholipid bilayers, amyloid plaque formation, molecular recognition reactions (Watson–Crick complex formation), and electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide. These examples collectively illustrate the versatility of PM-IRRAS in addressing fundamental questions about molecular organization, interfacial dynamics, and activity. The ability of PM-IRRAS to deliver detailed molecular-level insight into a broad spectrum of thin-film systems highlights its versatility and underscores its promise as an essential tool in surface science and biophysics.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149368371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable Synthesis of Loop Polymer Brush-Grafted Silica-like Nanoparticles from Triethoxysilane-Containing ABA Triblock Copolymers","authors":"Sachini H. Dayarathne,Jeonghun Lee,Emmanuel O. Fatumoju,Yuean Wu,Margarita Herrera-Alonso,Christopher Y. Li,Bin Zhao","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05322","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclic and loop polymer brush-grafted particles have shown promise in applications ranging from drug delivery systems to polymer nanocomposites and imaging contrast agents. We present a scalable method for the synthesis of loop polymer brush-grafted nanoparticles (LB-NPs) with a silica-like core from ABA triblock copolymers via rapid formation of flowerlike spherical micelles using a multi-inlet vortex mixer (MIVM). Two ABA copolymers with outer blocks containing triethoxysilane groups, ABA-20k and -10k, were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate from 20 and 10 kDa PEO difunctional initiators, respectively. The polymer solutions in water-miscible organic solvents were rapidly mixed with water via an MIVM, yielding flowerlike micelles, which were cross-linked by adding a catalyst. Methanol was found to be the best organic solvent, and HCl was the most effective in catalyzing the hydrolysis and condensation of triethoxysilane groups in the core of micelles. The PEO loops of LB-NPs were visible in the 1H NMR spectra, and transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical core NPs with rather uniform diameters (∼20 nm). The grafting densities of LB-NPs from ABA-20k and -10k were determined to be 0.13 and 0.16 PEO stem/nm2, respectively, on the core NPs. A larger scale synthesis using a methanol solution of 15 mg/mL ABA-10k yielded LB-NPs essentially identical to those made on a smaller scale. The scalable synthetic method reported here is anticipated to provide fresh opportunities for studying the behaviors of LB-NPs in solution and in bulk and exploring their applications, e.g., in polymer nanocomposites.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149360545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MgO-Biochar for Selective Orthophosphate Removal from Swine Wastewater: Optimization and Environmental Assessment","authors":"Vivian Chimezie Usha,Hossein Jahromi,Pradip Adhikari,Sushil Adhikari,Pavlo Ivanchenko,Deb Jaisi","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05379","url":null,"abstract":"Excess dissolved reactive orthophosphate (DRP) from swine wastewater drives eutrophication, yet its selective removal remains challenging. This study develops a magnesium oxide (MgO)-modified pine biochar for efficient DRP capture and recovery. MgO-PB, CaO-PB, and MgO/CaO-PB were produced by co-pyrolyzing <1 mm pinewood with 2% Mg, Ca, or combined Mg/Ca hydroxides at 450 °C. All Mg-containing biochars exhibited high DRP removal capacities (∼20–24 mg/g) across three simulated orthophosphate systems (10–100 mg/L, pH 5–9), achieving up to ∼99% removal. MgO-PB outperformed MgO/CaO-PB, with a Langmuir maximum capacity of 36.34 mg/g for the mixed H2PO4–/HPO42 system. Removal was then optimized directly in pretreated real swine wastewater by central composite design and validated in quintuplicate. Under the optimum (0.3 g, pH 6.82, 6.5 h), the predicted removal (91.44%) was confirmed experimentally (93.04 ± 0.77%, n = 5), reducing DRP from 28.36 mg/L (after pretreatment of the raw wastewater from 79.63 mg/L) to 1.97 ± 0.22 mg/L, an overall reduction of 97.5%. Mg leaching was limited (∼9%), and the PAH content (1.40 × 10–3 mg/kg BaP-equivalent) was below the US EPA soil screening level, supporting the phosphate-loaded adsorbent as a potential material for soil amendment, pending long-term stability and agronomic confirmation.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149360401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Synergistic NiCo2O4/g-C3N4@rGO Heterostructure via a Phytogenic Route for Phenol Abatement and Efficient Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"Bharti Agarwal,Manviri Rani,Uma Shanker","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05306","url":null,"abstract":"The nanoarchitectonic fabrication of multifunctional heterostructures that synergistically integrate photocatalytic environmental detoxification with electrochemical energy storage exemplifies an emerging frontier toward sustainable materials chemistry. Herein, a phytogenic-derived NiCo2O4/g-C3N4@rGO ternary heterostructure was synthesized to regulate electronic configuration, structural defects, and charge carrier transport through Ni/Co–O bonding and M–O–C interactions. The spectral and structural analyses revealed homogeneously distributed nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of ∼ 70 nm, a mesoporous heterostructure possessing a high specific surface area of 75.4 m2 g–1, a high defect density (nD = 1.74 × 1011 cm–2), a narrow optical bandgap (1.10 eV), and strong interfacial bonding with negative surface potential (ζ = −41.3 mV). Under natural solar radiation, the optimized heterostructure achieved 97% (4-NP), 96% (3-AP), and 92% (2,4-DNP) degradation of recalcitrant phenols, along with 71–81% total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization, subsequent pseudo-first-order kinetics, and stable activity over seven consecutive cycles. Statistical optimization via Box–Behnken design (BBD) recognized high predictive fidelity (R2 = 0.99), while GC–MS analysis elucidated a mineralization pathway primarily involving •OH and O2•– radicals. Electrochemical measurements revealed a pronounced supercapacitive response with dominant-diffusion contribution and enhanced surface contribution from corresponding individual components, with a specific capacitance of 1706 F g–1 at 4 A g–1 and significantly reduced charge-transfer resistance (Rct = 0.65 Ω), indicating improved accessibility of electroactive sites and favorable interfacial charge-transfer characteristics. The bifunctional heterostructure provides a promising platform for integrating various interfacial catalytic conversions with energy storage toward environmental remediation and energy conversion in the future.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149360409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel-Driven Rapid Swelling and Shrinking in Porous Hydrogels","authors":"Medha Rath,Jemma Wood,Satyam Srivastava,Sarangua Battumur,Alicja Mazurkiewicz,Srinivasa R. Raghavan,Taylor J. Woehl","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c05317","url":null,"abstract":"Biological systems are known for their transient and autonomous responses, such as muscle actuation and cell division. Soft materials that mimic these responses include materials that actuate or morph when exposed to chemical fuels. However, their reconfiguration times extend to tens of hours, which is 10–100× slower than biological systems. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate autonomous responses (swelling and shrinking) in macroscopic porous hydrogels that occur in <1 h. The gels are cross-linked networks of acrylic acid and acrylamide copolymers containing ∼100 μm interconnected pores. When a carbodiimide chemical fuel is added to a water-swollen gel, anionic carboxylates are converted to nonpolar anhydrides, causing the gels to shrink by ∼50% in 5 min. The anhydrides then spontaneously hydrolyze and revert to their anionic form, causing the gels to autonomously reswell in <1 h. The reswelling time increases with decreasing porosity and increasing fuel concentration. Non-reactive acrylamide groups prevent the formation of extended insoluble polyanhydride domains and ensure that gels retain sufficient water affinity after fuel addition, that together with porosity enables rapid reswelling. We show that rapid gel shrinkage upon fuel exposure occurs via convective water transport out of pores, while reswelling occurs via rapid bulk hydrolysis of anhydrides. This work thereby uncovers general mechanisms for quickening the response of soft materials to chemical triggers.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149360400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}