{"title":"B cell activation and autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>B cells are central players in the immune system, responsible for producing antibodies and modulating immune responses. This review explores the intricate relationship between aberrant B cell activation and the development of autoimmune diseases, emphasizing the essential role of B cells in these conditions. We also summarize B cell receptor signaling and Toll-like receptor signaling in B cell activation, as well as their association with autoimmune diseases, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms behind these associations. Additionally, we explore the clinical observations involving B cell activation and their significance in autoimmune disease management. Various clinical studies related to B cell-targeted therapies are also discussed, offering insights into potential avenues for improving treatment strategies. Overall, this review serves as a resource for researchers and clinicians in the field of immunology and autoimmune diseases, providing a general view of B cell signaling and its role in autoimmunity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TNFR2 signalling in inflammatory diseases","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>TNF<span> signals via two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, which play contrasting roles in immunity. Most of the pro-inflammatory effects of TNF are mediated by TNFR1, whereas TNFR2 is mainly involved in immune </span></span>homeostasis<span><span> and tissue healing, but also contributes to tumour progression. However, all currently available anti-TNF biologics inhibit signalling via both receptors and there is increasing interest in the development of selective inhibitors; TNFR1 inhibitors for autoimmune disease and TNFR2 inhibitors for cancer. It is hypothesised that selective inhibition of TNFR1 in autoimmune disease would alleviate inflammation and promote homeostasis<span> by allowing TNFR2 signalling to proceed unimpeded. Validation of this concept would pave the way for the development and testing of TNF specific antagonists. Another therapeutic approach being explored is the use of TNFR2 specific </span></span>agonists, which could be administered alone or in combination with a TNFR1 antagonist.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biology of HLA class I associated inflammatory diseases","authors":"Ali Bordbar , Olivier Manches , Johannes Nowatzky","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I association is a well-established feature of common and uncommon inflammatory diseases, but it is unknown whether it impacts the pathogenesis of these disorders. The “arthritogenic peptide” hypothesis proposed initially for HLA-B27-associated ankylosing spondylitis (AS) seems the most intuitive to serve as a model for other HLA class I-associated diseases, but evidence supporting it has been scarce. Recent technological advances and the discovery of epistatic relationships between disease-associated HLA class I and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP) coding variants have led to the generation of new data and conceptual approaches to the problem requiring its re-examination. Continued success in these endeavors holds promise to resolve a Gordian Knot in human immunobiology. It may ultimately benefit patients by enabling the development of new therapies and precision tools for assessing disease risk and predicting treatment responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"38 2","pages":"Article 101977"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to kollas. Letter to the editor, “problems with opioids beyond misuse”","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101946","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 101946"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Problems with opioids - beyond misuse","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The U.S. is grappling with an opioid epidemic, with millions of adults on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT). Although patients often report pain relief and improved daily function with opioids, research shows no significant differences in short-term outcomes between opioid and non-opioid users, as well as no long-term opioid benefits. This scoping review aims to identify lesser-known side effects of long-term opioid use and increase awareness of them, allowing healthcare providers and patients to better assess the risks and benefits of opioid use. Our data search from PubMed and Google Scholar used keywords related to opioids, chronic pain, </span>hypogonadism<span>, endocrinopathies<span>, cancer progression, cardiovascular events, renovascular events, sleep disturbances, mood disorders and others, narrowing down to English-language full articles published from January 2018 to April 2023. This review emphasizes the probable serious adverse consequences of long-term opioid use on various body systems in patients with chronic pain. Given the lack of long-term benefits and significant adverse effects, our review underscores the critical need for healthcare providers to include these risks in discussions with patients when considering the long-term use of opioid therapy.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 101935"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140013652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Problems with “Problems with opioids beyond misuse”","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 101947"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutrients and Nocioception: Diet in the management of pain","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nutrition can play a pivotal role in the management of pain associated with chronic rheumatic diseases<span>. There is a growing body of research linking certain nutrients from the diet to inflammation. Certain nutrients have been shown to improve pain associated with inflammation. Furthermore, certain dietary patterns have been shown to improve pain across multiple rheumatic conditions. Finally, maintaining a low body mass is associated with improved pain associated with chronic rheumatic diseases.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 101963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enthesopathies – Mechanical, inflammatory or both?","authors":"Ricardo Sabido-Sauri , Xenofon Baraliakos , Sibel Zehra Aydin","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Entheses have the challenging task of transferring biomechanical forces between tendon and bone, two tissues that differ greatly in composition and mechanical properties. Consequently, entheses are adapted to withstand these forces through continuous repair mechanisms. Locally specialized cells (mechanosensitive tenocytes) are crucial in the repair, physiologically triggering </span>biochemical processes to maintain </span>hemostasis.</p><p><span>When repetitive forces cause \"material fatigue,\" or trauma exceeds the entheses' repair capacity, structural changes occur, and patients become symptomatic. Clinical assessment of </span>enthesopathies<span> mainly depends on subjective reports by the patient and lacks specificity, especially in patients with central sensitization syndromes. Ultrasonography<span> has been increasingly used to improve the diagnosis of enthesopathies. In this article, the literature on how biomechanical forces lead to entheseal inflammation, including factors contributing to differentiation into a \"clinical enthesitis\" state and the value of ultrasound to diagnose enthesopathies will be reviewed, as well as providing clues to overcome the pitfalls of imaging.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 101966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cervicogenic headache – How to recognize and treat","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Cervicogenic headache<span><span><span><span>, described almost 100 years ago, only had its clinical awakening at the end of the century with the work of Professor Sjaastad. Its classic definition is the induction of trigeminal symptoms from cervical disorders, thanks to trigeminocervical convergence mechanisms. For this reason, it can manifest several features typical of migraine, leading to diagnostic errors. Classically, subjects complain of fixed unilateral </span>headaches, with cervical onset and trigeminal irradiation, associated with reduced neck mobility and flexion strength. The headache is mild to moderate, described as pulsatile or compressive, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, </span>photophobia, </span>phonophobia<span>, and may present autonomic symptoms and dizziness. The pain duration varies from one day to weeks, and its frequency is unpredictable. A history of </span></span></span>whiplash injury<span> is common. The differential diagnosis<span> encompasses migraine and tension-type headache. Management includes physiotherapy rehabilitation, anesthetic blocks, and selectively surgical procedures. In this article, all these aspects were extensively covered.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 101931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Myofascial pain – A major player in musculoskeletal pain","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2024.101944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Myofascial pain is a soft tissue pain syndrome with local and referred musculoskeletal pain arising from trigger points. Myofascial pain and myofascial pain syndromes are among some of the most common acute and chronic pain conditions. Myofascial pain can exist independently of other pain generators or can coexist with or is secondary to other acute and chronic painful musculoskeletal conditions. Myofascial pain is most effectively treated with a multimodal treatment plan including injection therapy (known as trigger point injections, physical therapy, postural or ergonomic correction, and treatment of underlying musculoskeletal pain generators. The objectives of this review are to outline the prevalence of myofascial pain, describe the known pathophysiology of myofascial pain and trigger points, discuss the clinical presentation of myofascial pain, and present evidence-based best practices for pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, and interventional treatments for myofascial pain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"38 1","pages":"Article 101944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521694224000159/pdfft?md5=7f5949abe6b338148255832426abc4c7&pid=1-s2.0-S1521694224000159-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}