Kelly Di Dier , Dominik Deppe , Torsten Diekhoff , Nele Herregods , Lennart Jans
{"title":"Clash of the titans: Current CT and CT-like imaging modalities in sacroiliitis in spondyloarthritis","authors":"Kelly Di Dier , Dominik Deppe , Torsten Diekhoff , Nele Herregods , Lennart Jans","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Sacroiliitis is characterised by active and structural changes of the joint. While the Assessment of </span>Spondyloarthritis<span><span> international Society (ASAS) classification criteria stress the importance of bone marrow inflammation, recent reports suggest that osteitis can occur in various diseases, mechanical conditions and healthy individuals. Thus, structural lesions such as joint surface erosion and </span>ankylosis<span> are important factors for differential diagnosis. Various imaging modalities are available to examine these changes. However, computed tomography (CT) is generally considered the reference standard. Nonetheless, recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow for direct bone imaging and the reconstruction of CT-like images that can provide similar information. This way, the ability of MRI to detect and measure structural lesions is strengthened. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the pros and cons of CT and CT-like imaging modalities in sacroiliitis.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 101876"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Ángeles Puche-Larrubia , Clementina López-Medina , Nelly Ziadé
{"title":"Peripheral spondyloarthritis: What have we learned?","authors":"María Ángeles Puche-Larrubia , Clementina López-Medina , Nelly Ziadé","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The peripheral spondyloarthritis<span> (pSpA) entity remains poorly defined in comparison with axial SpA and psoriatic arthritis, as the clinical symptoms have low specificity, the biological markers are virtually lacking, and dedicated randomized controlled trials<span> in this specific indication remain scarce. In addition, clinical similarities between pSpA and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been described, partly explained by a resemblance in the pathophysiology of both entities. Thus, diagnosing pSpA can be challenging because of the overlap with other entities and the absence of a specific test or imaging study that can definitively diagnose the condition.</span></span></p><p>The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of pSpA, its epidemiology, physiopathology, clinical diagnosis, and classification criteria. In addition, we present patient-reported outcomes used in pSpA clinical studies, available evidence on therapies, and future directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 101862"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10031950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha O. Kohn , Abeera Azam , Lauren E. Hamilton , Stephanie R. Harrison , Elizabeth R. Graef , Kristen J. Young , Helena Marzo-Ortega , Jean W. Liew
{"title":"Impact of sex and gender on axSpA diagnosis and outcomes","authors":"Samantha O. Kohn , Abeera Azam , Lauren E. Hamilton , Stephanie R. Harrison , Elizabeth R. Graef , Kristen J. Young , Helena Marzo-Ortega , Jean W. Liew","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Axial spondyloarthritis<span> (axSpA) was historically considered a disease of men, largely due to the recognition of a more severe, progressive phenotype, ankylosing spondylitis (AS; or radiographic axSpA, r-axSpA) aiding the clinical diagnosis [</span></span><span>[1]</span>, <span>[2]</span><span>]. Data demonstrating the near equal prevalence of axSpA in women only started to emerge in the last decades, highlighting intrinsic differences in disease phenotype, and clinical and imaging characteristics between sexes, which partly explain the issue of underdiagnosis in women. Similar to the evolving understanding of spondyloarthritis and the diseases that term describes, the concepts of gender and sex<span> also warrant further clarification to accurately assess their potential role in disease pathophysiology and phenotypic expression. This narrative review delves into the most recent evidence from the literature on the true prevalence of sex differences in axSpA, and the impact of sex and gender on diagnosis, disease characteristics and treatment response in this, still underserved, chronic disease.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 101875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathophysiology and immunolgical basis of axial spondyloarthritis","authors":"Marleen G.H. van de Sande , Dirk Elewaut","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the recent years the wider availability and application of state-of-the-art immunological technologies greatly advanced the insight into the mechanisms that play an important role in axial spondyloarthritis<span> (axSpA) pathophysiology<span>. This increased understanding has facilitated the development of novel treatments that target disease relevant pathways, hereby improving outcome for axSpA patients.</span></span></p><p>In axSpA pathophysiology genetic and environmental factors as well as immune activation by mechanical or bacterial stress resulting in a chronic inflammatory response have a central role. The TNF and IL-23/IL-17 immune pathways play a pivotal role in these disease mechanisms.</p><p><span>This review provides an outline of the immunological basis of axSpA with a focus on key genetic risk factors and their link to activation of the pathological immune response, as well as on the role of the gut and </span>entheses in the initiation of inflammation with subsequent new bone formation in axSpA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 101897"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manouk de Hooge , Torsten Diekhoff , Denis Poddubnyy
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in spondyloarthritis: Friend or Foe?","authors":"Manouk de Hooge , Torsten Diekhoff , Denis Poddubnyy","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a valuable tool for early detection and of axial spondyloarthritis<span> (axSpA). A standardized imaging acquisition protocol, aligned with the current state-of-the-art, is crucial to obtain MRI scans that meet the diagnostic quality requirements. It is important to note that certain lesions, particularly bone marrow edema (BME), can be induced by mechanical stress or be a manifestation of another non-inflammatory disorder and may mimic the characteristic findings of axSpA on MRI. Therefore, a thorough assessment of MRI lesions, considering their localization and presence of highly specific features such as erosions and backfill, becomes imperative. Additionally, the application of additional imaging modalities, when necessary, can contribute to the differentiation of axSpA from other conditions that may exhibit similar MRI findings. This review provides recommendations on how to perform MRI in daily clinical practice and how to interpret finding from the differential diagnostic point of view.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 101874"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Baraliakos , U. Kiltz , I. Kononenko , A. Ciurea
{"title":"Treatment overview of axial spondyloarthritis in 2023","authors":"X. Baraliakos , U. Kiltz , I. Kononenko , A. Ciurea","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The treatment of patients with </span>axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is characterized by non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options. It may depend on the type and extent of musculoskeletal and extramusculoskeletal manifestations. Recent data on non-pharmacological treatment options, such as physical activity, physiotherapy, and modification of lifestyle factors, are summarized in this review. Moreover, we have provided an overview on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the ever-expanding number of biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs and tsDMARDs, respectively). In addition to data on efficacy and safety, the review also encompasses data on switching/cycling, tapering, and treatment selection for specific patient subgroups to optimize treatment outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 101858"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10169410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in axial spondyloarthritis: Learning from the leaders","authors":"Sofia Ramiro, Nigil Haroon","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 101877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138177931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural disease modification in axial spondyloarthritis","authors":"Brona Dinneen , Finbar O’Shea , Lianne Gensler","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>“Disease modification” in axial spondyloarthritis<span><span> (axSpA) seeks to not only alleviate clinical symptoms but also alter the disease’s natural course by impeding new bone formation. Recent years have witnessed the effectiveness of treatments<span>, including biologics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in managing axSpA symptoms. Emerging evidence points toward their potential impact on slowing structural disease progression. This comprehensive review centers on the pivotal role of inhibiting new bone formation in axSpA disease modification. It delves into the significance of </span></span>imaging techniques<span><span> for assessing disease progression and explores the disease-modifying properties of available axSpA treatments, encompassing NSAIDs, TNF inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors, and </span>JAK inhibitors. This article offers valuable insights into the evolving landscape of disease modification strategies in axial spondyloarthritis, highlighting the multifaceted approaches used to attain these objectives.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 101898"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138479220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philipp Bosch , Sizheng Steven Zhao , Elena Nikiphorou
{"title":"The association between comorbidities and disease activity in spondyloarthritis – A narrative review","authors":"Philipp Bosch , Sizheng Steven Zhao , Elena Nikiphorou","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and depression, are more prevalent in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) than in the general population. Clinical and laboratory markers of disease activity are associated with numerous of these comorbidities, and studies suggest that the treatment of SpA can have a positive impact on comorbidities; conversely, managing comorbidities can improve disease activity. Therefore, the screening of comorbidities is considered a core component of a rheumatology consultation, and treatment should be performed in liaison with other health professionals (e.g. general physicians). Validated tools and questionnaires can be used for not only the detection but also the monitoring of potential comorbidities. Understanding whether a comorbidity is a separate disease entity, linked to SpA or its treatment, or an extra-musculoskeletal manifestation of the disease is important to identify the most appropriate treatment options.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 101857"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521694223000438/pdfft?md5=586b84361f37b02f1f8302bdd4181e01&pid=1-s2.0-S1521694223000438-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10226170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.berh.2023.101921","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50983,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research in Clinical Rheumatology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 101921"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521694223001146/pdfft?md5=26b7c7b7c2af4e1a6c94ae1fe8915279&pid=1-s2.0-S1521694223001146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138826151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}