Archive for History of Exact Sciences最新文献_第5页

SHAKE and the exact constraint satisfaction of the dynamics of semi-rigid molecules in Cartesian coordinates, 1973–1977 直角坐标系下半刚性分子动力学的SHAKE和精确约束满足，1973-1977

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-023-00306-0

Daniele Macuglia

引用次数: 0

Canonical transformations from Jacobi to Whittaker 从Jacobi到Whittaker的正则变换

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00303-9

Craig Fraser, Michiyo Nakane

{"title":"Canonical transformations from Jacobi to Whittaker","authors":"Craig Fraser, Michiyo Nakane","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00303-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00303-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The idea of a canonical transformation emerged in 1837 in the course of Carl Jacobi's researches in analytical dynamics. To understand Jacobi's moment of discovery it is necessary to examine some background, especially the work of Joseph Lagrange and Siméon Poisson on the variation of arbitrary constants as well as some of the dynamical discoveries of William Rowan Hamilton. Significant figures following Jacobi in the middle of the century were Adolphe Desboves and William Donkin, while the delayed posthumous publication in 1866 of Jacobi's full dynamical corpus was a critical event. François Tisserand's doctoral dissertation of 1868 was devoted primarily to lunar and planetary theory but placed Hamilton–Jacobi mathematical methods at the forefront of the investigation. Henri Poincaré's writings on celestial mechanics in the period 1890–1910 succeeded in making canonical transformations a fundamental part of the dynamical theory. Poincaré offered a mathematical vision of the subject that differed from Jacobi's and would become influential in subsequent research. Two prominent researchers around 1900 were Carl Charlier and Edmund Whittaker, and their books included chapters devoted explicitly to transformation theory. In the first three decades of the twentieth century Hamilton–Jacobi theory in general and canonical transformations in particular would be embraced by a range of researchers in astronomy, physics and mathematics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"77 3","pages":"241 - 343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49249749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Helmholtz and the geometry of color space: gestation and development of Helmholtz’s line element 亥姆霍兹与色彩空间的几何：亥姆霍茨线元素的孕育与发展

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-023-00304-2

Giulio Peruzzi, Valentina Roberti

{"title":"Helmholtz and the geometry of color space: gestation and development of Helmholtz’s line element","authors":"Giulio Peruzzi, Valentina Roberti","doi":"10.1007/s00407-023-00304-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-023-00304-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern color science finds its birth in the middle of the nineteenth century. Among the chief architects of the new color theory, the name of the polymath Hermann von Helmholtz stands out. A keen experimenter and profound expert of the latest developments of the fields of physiological optics, psychophysics, and geometry, he exploited his transdisciplinary knowledge to define the first non-Euclidean line element in color space, i.e., a three-dimensional mathematical model used to describe color differences in terms of color distances. Considered as the first step toward a metrically significant model of color space, his work inaugurated researches on <i>higher color metrics</i>, which describes how distance in the color space translates into perceptual difference. This paper focuses on the development of Helmholtz’s mathematical derivation of the line element. Starting from the first experimental evidence which opened the door to his reflections about the geometry of color space, it will be highlighted the pivotal role played by the studies conducted by his assistants in Berlin, which provided precious material for the elaboration of the final model proposed by Helmholtz in three papers published between 1891 and 1892. Although fallen into oblivion for about three decades, Helmholtz’s masterful work was rediscovered by Schrödinger and, since the 1920s, it has provided the basis for all subsequent studies on the geometry of color spaces up to the present time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"77 2","pages":"201 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-023-00304-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49056592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Joseph Ibn Waqār and the treatment of retrograde motion in the middle ages Joseph Ibn Waqār与中世纪逆行运动的治疗

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00301-x

Bernard R. Goldstein, José Chabás

引用次数: 0

Correction to: “The language of Dirac’s theory of radiation”: the inception and initial reception of a tool for the quantum field theorist 更正：“狄拉克辐射理论的语言”：量子场论工具的诞生和最初接受

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00300-y

Markus Ehberger

引用次数: 0

On fluidity of the textual transmission in Abraham bar Hiyya’s Ḥibbur ha-Meshiḥah ve-ha-Tishboret 论亚伯拉罕·巴尔希亚小说文本传递的流动性Ḥibbur ha Meshiḥ啊，我有牛排

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00297-4

Michael Friedman, David Garber

引用次数: 0

A terminological history of early elementary particle physics 早期基本粒子物理学的术语史

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00299-2

Helge Kragh

{"title":"A terminological history of early elementary particle physics","authors":"Helge Kragh","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00299-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00299-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By 1933, the class of generally accepted elementary particles comprised the electron, the photon, the proton as well as newcomers in the shape of the neutron, the positron, and the neutrino. During the following decade, a new and poorly understood particle, the mesotron or meson, was added to the list. By paying close attention to the names of these and other particles and to the sometimes controversial proposals of names, a novel perspective on this well-researched line of development is offered. Part of the study investigates the circumstances around the coining of “positron” as an alternative to “positive electron.” Another and central part is concerned with the many names associated with the discovery of what in the late 1930s was generally called the “mesotron” but eventually became known as the “meson” and later again the muon and pion. The naming of particles in the period up to the early 1950s was more than just a matter of agreeing on convenient terms, it also reflected different conceptions of the particles and in some cases the uncertainty regarding their nature and relations to existing theories. Was the particle discovered in the cosmic rays the same as the one responsible for the nuclear forces? While two different names might just be synonymous referents, they might also refer to widely different conceptual images.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"73 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-022-00299-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42323045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

History and nature of the Jeffreys–Lindley paradox 杰弗里斯-林德利悖论的历史和本质

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00298-3

Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Alexander Ly

{"title":"History and nature of the Jeffreys–Lindley paradox","authors":"Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Alexander Ly","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00298-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00298-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Jeffreys–Lindley paradox exposes a rift between Bayesian and frequentist hypothesis testing that strikes at the heart of statistical inference. Contrary to what most current literature suggests, the paradox was central to the Bayesian testing methodology developed by Sir Harold Jeffreys in the late 1930s. Jeffreys showed that the evidence for a point-null hypothesis <span>({mathcal {H}}_0)</span> scales with <span>(sqrt{n})</span> and repeatedly argued that it would, therefore, be mistaken to set a threshold for rejecting <span>({mathcal {H}}_0)</span> at a constant multiple of the standard error. Here, we summarize Jeffreys’s early work on the paradox and clarify his reasons for including the <span>(sqrt{n})</span> term. The prior distribution is seen to play a crucial role; by implicitly correcting for selection, small parameter values are identified as relatively surprising under <span>({mathcal {H}}_1)</span>. We highlight the general nature of the paradox by presenting both a fully frequentist and a fully Bayesian version. We also demonstrate that the paradox does not depend on assigning prior mass to a point hypothesis, as is commonly believed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"25 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-022-00298-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48075356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Einstein’s second-biggest blunder: the mistake in the 1936 gravitational-wave manuscript of Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen 爱因斯坦的第二大错误：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和内森·罗森1936年引力波手稿中的错误

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00295-6

Alexander S. Blum

引用次数: 1

Desargues’s concepts of involution and transversal, their origin, and possible sources of inspiration 德萨格的内卷和横向概念、它们的起源以及可能的灵感来源

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00296-5

Andrea Del Centina

引用次数: 0