Archive for History of Exact Sciences最新文献_第5页

A terminological history of early elementary particle physics 早期基本粒子物理学的术语史

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00299-2

Helge Kragh

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引用次数: 0

History and nature of the Jeffreys–Lindley paradox 杰弗里斯-林德利悖论的历史和本质

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00298-3

Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Alexander Ly

{"title":"History and nature of the Jeffreys–Lindley paradox","authors":"Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Alexander Ly","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00298-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00298-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Jeffreys–Lindley paradox exposes a rift between Bayesian and frequentist hypothesis testing that strikes at the heart of statistical inference. Contrary to what most current literature suggests, the paradox was central to the Bayesian testing methodology developed by Sir Harold Jeffreys in the late 1930s. Jeffreys showed that the evidence for a point-null hypothesis <span>({mathcal {H}}_0)</span> scales with <span>(sqrt{n})</span> and repeatedly argued that it would, therefore, be mistaken to set a threshold for rejecting <span>({mathcal {H}}_0)</span> at a constant multiple of the standard error. Here, we summarize Jeffreys’s early work on the paradox and clarify his reasons for including the <span>(sqrt{n})</span> term. The prior distribution is seen to play a crucial role; by implicitly correcting for selection, small parameter values are identified as relatively surprising under <span>({mathcal {H}}_1)</span>. We highlight the general nature of the paradox by presenting both a fully frequentist and a fully Bayesian version. We also demonstrate that the paradox does not depend on assigning prior mass to a point hypothesis, as is commonly believed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"25 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-022-00298-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48075356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Einstein’s second-biggest blunder: the mistake in the 1936 gravitational-wave manuscript of Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen 爱因斯坦的第二大错误：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和内森·罗森1936年引力波手稿中的错误

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00295-6

Alexander S. Blum

引用次数: 1

Desargues’s concepts of involution and transversal, their origin, and possible sources of inspiration 德萨格的内卷和横向概念、它们的起源以及可能的灵感来源

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00296-5

Andrea Del Centina

引用次数: 0

“The language of Dirac’s theory of radiation”: the inception and initial reception of a tool for the quantum field theorist “狄拉克辐射理论的语言”：量子场论者工具的开端和最初接受

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00293-8

Markus Ehberger

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引用次数: 0

Correction to: “The language of Dirac’s theory of radiation”: the inception and initial reception of a tool for the quantum field theorist 更正：“狄拉克辐射理论的语言”：量子场论工具的诞生和最初接受

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00293-8

Markus Ehberger

引用次数: 0

Federico Commandino and his Latin edition of Aristarchus’s On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and the Moon 费德里科·科曼迪诺和他的拉丁语版《论太阳和月亮的大小和距离》

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00294-7

Argante Ciocci

引用次数: 0

A mechanical concentric solar model in Khāzinī’s Mu‘tabar zīj Khāzinī《Mu’tabar zj》中的机械同心圆太阳模型

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00292-9

S. Mohammad Mozaffari

{"title":"A mechanical concentric solar model in Khāzinī’s Mu‘tabar zīj","authors":"S. Mohammad Mozaffari","doi":"10.1007/s00407-022-00292-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-022-00292-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper brings into light and discusses a concentric solar model briefly described in Chapter 5 of Section III of ‘Abd al-Raḥmān al-Khāzinī’s <i>On experimental astronomy</i>, a treatise embedded in the prolegomenon of his comprehensive <i>Mu‘tabar zīj</i>, completed about 1121 <span>c.e.</span> In it, the Sun is assumed to rotate on the circumference of a circle concentric with the Earth and coplanar with the ecliptic, but the motion of the vector joining the Earth and Sun is monitored by a small eccentric hypocycle. The ratio between the distance of the hypocycle’s center from the Earth and the hypocycle’s radius is equal to the solar eccentricity in the eccentric model. The model is to account for the constancy of the apparent diameter of the solar disk as held by Ptolemy. The source of the model is unknown. Since the mechanism employed in it clearly resembles the pin-and-slot device, whose use in mechanical astronomical instruments has a long history from the Antikythera Mechanism to the medieval solar, lunar, and planetary equatoria and dials, we argue that the solar model can be positioned within this long-standing tradition and considered the result of the correct understanding of some Byzantine prototype and thus a typical example of the transmission of astronomical ideas via media of the material culture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"76 5","pages":"513 - 529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42509174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The eclectic content and sources of Clavius’s Geometria Practica 克劳维几何实践的兼收并蓄的内容与来源

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00288-5

John B. Little

引用次数: 0

The eclectic content and sources of Clavius’s Geometria Practica 克拉维乌斯《实用几何》的折衷内容和来源

IF 0.5 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-022-00288-5

J. Little

引用次数: 0