{"title":"Neural fractional differential equations","authors":"C. Coelho , M. Fernanda P. Costa , L.L. Ferrás","doi":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fractional Differential Equations (FDEs) are essential tools for modelling complex systems in science and engineering. They extend the traditional concepts of differentiation and integration to non-integer orders, enabling a more precise representation of processes characterised by non-local and memory-dependent behaviours. This property is useful in systems where variables do not respond to changes instantaneously, but instead exhibit a strong memory of past interactions. Having this in mind, and drawing inspiration from Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs), we propose the Neural FDE, a novel deep neural network framework that adjusts a FDE to the dynamics of data. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the numerical method employed in Neural FDEs and the Neural FDE architecture. The numerical outcomes suggest that, despite being more computationally demanding, the Neural FDE may outperform the Neural ODE in modelling systems with memory or dependencies on past states, and it can effectively be applied to learn more complex dynamical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50980,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 116060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Backstepping adaptive observer tracking strategy for gear transmission system under nonlinear constraints","authors":"Zhu Yang , Meng Li , Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the tracking control problem of gear transmission servo system with full-state constraints is studied, in which nonlinear dead zone and disturbance are considered. A backstepping tracking control strategy based on barrier Lyapunov function is proposed. First, a dynamic model of the gear transmission system considering nonlinear dead zone was established. Then, a disturbance observer based on sliding mode and adaptive gain is proposed to approximate the dead zone and disturbance. Thirdly, to address the issue of full-state constraints, a backstepping control method based on a barrier Lyapunov function is proposed, wherein the barrier Lyapunov function is used to constrain the states. In addition, a radial basis function neural network is proposed to fit the nonlinear term in the backstepping process. Finally, the effectiveness of the control algorithm is verified by simulation and experiment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50980,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 116065"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear dynamic behaviors of perovskite membranes under opto-electro-thermo-mechanical fields","authors":"Zhi Ni, Shaoyu Zhao, Jie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite membranes show significant promise for solar cells and optoelectronic devices due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and mechanical flexibility. Understanding their vibration characteristics and dynamic responses under opto-electro-thermo-mechanical fields is crucial for their practical optoelectronic applications. This paper develops an opto-electro-thermo-mechanical model for lead halide perovskite membranes, considering photostriction, photothermal effect, photodielectric effect, electrostriction and piezoelectricity, and investigates their nonlinear dynamic behaviors. The governing equations are derived based on strain energy density function and dielectric coupling theory, and then numerically solved using Taylor series expansion, the differential quadrature method, incremental harmonic balance, and arc-length continuation techniques. Comprehensive parametric studies are performed to examine the influences of multi-physics fields on the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of the perovskite membranes. Numerical results reveal that light illumination and applied electric field lead to a reduction in the nonlinear frequency of the perovskite membrane, while the nonlinear frequency ratio and dimensionless amplitude increase. Additionally, under higher light intensity, the membrane exhibits multiple subharmonic and superharmonic resonance phenomena, highlighting the complexity of its dynamic behaviors in multi-physics environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50980,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 116062"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew Forbes , William S.P. Robertson , Anthony C. Zander , James Vidler , Johannes J.H. Paulides
{"title":"A generalised Maxwell Stress Tensor for semi-analytic force and torque between permanent magnets, coils, and soft iron","authors":"Matthew Forbes , William S.P. Robertson , Anthony C. Zander , James Vidler , Johannes J.H. Paulides","doi":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Maxwell Stress Tensor is a computationally efficient method for calculating the force and torque between two arbitrary collections of rigidly-connected permanent magnets, coils, and/or iron (soft magnet) segments, when using exact analytic magnetic field solutions. However, use of the tensor exacerbates numerical errors present in the closed-surface free space mesh of a region, whether that be from an approximate field solution such as a finite sum, or discretisation errors that create a numeric non-zero divergence. Using a specialised identity of the divergence theorem, this article derives a generalised Maxwell Stress Tensor, which is interchangeable with the standard form and significantly reduces or removes numerical error sources from the meshing. The application focus of this work is modelling of non-periodic permanent magnet machines without geometrical assumptions through superposition of analytic magnetic field solutions (<em>B</em> and <em>H</em>) from a large number of elements. The influence of relative permeability can be included in these elements through varying the volumetric magnetic charge or current densities. Case studies with analytic or finite element force solutions are used to verify the result and compare the accuracy and computational efficiency with traditional semi-analytic methods. The proposed tensor enables parametric studies with accuracy not previously possible using an elemental modelling method, and can be applied to existing multiphysics models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50980,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 116050"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pierre-Alexandre Bliman , Manon de la Tousche , Yves Dumont
{"title":"Feasibility and optimisation results for elimination by mass trapping in a metapopulation model","authors":"Pierre-Alexandre Bliman , Manon de la Tousche , Yves Dumont","doi":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vector and Pest control is an important issue in terms of Food and Health security all around the World. In this paper, we consider the issue of mass trapping strategies for interconnected areas, where traps can only be deployed in some of them. Assuming linear dispersal between the areas, we consider and study a metapopulation model, and explore the global effect of a linear control, achieved by an (on purpose) increase of the mortality in certain areas. We show that the feasibility of population elimination is determined by an algebraic property on the Jacobian matrix at the origin of a so-called residual system. If elimination is not achievable, we then assess the smallest globally asymptotically stable equilibrium. Conversely when elimination is feasible, we study an optimisation problem consisting in achieving this task while minimising a certain cost function, chosen as a non-decreasing and convex function of the mortality rates added in the controlled areas. We show that such a minimisation problem admits a global minimiser, which is unique in the relevant cases. An interior point algorithm is proposed to compute the solution, using explicit formulas for the Jacobian matrix and the Hessian of the objective function of the unconstrained penalised problem. The results are illustrated and discussed with numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50980,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 116047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A generalized division approach for interval fractional programming problems","authors":"Nisha Pokharna, Indira P. Tripathi","doi":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, an interval fractional programming problem is considered with the generalized division of intervals. A parametric non-fractional interval problem is formulated, and an equivalence between the fractional and parametric non-fractional problems is established. The necessary conditions are derived using the alternative theorem proposed and the linear independence constraint qualification. Moreover, the LU-convexity assumption is used to prove sufficient optimality conditions. The optimality conditions discussed in this study are inclusion relations rather than equations. A Wolfe-type dual is formulated, and the weak, strong, and strict converse duality results are derived using the LU-convexity assumption. Since many other factors are uncertain in the industry sector, a steel blending problem with interval cost and components is formulated as an interval fractional problem. The developed optimality conditions are applied to obtain the optimal choice of base steel combination in order to obtain blended steel of the desired quality at the minimum cost. Throughout the paper, the results are illustrated with non-trivial examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50980,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 116048"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenjie Guo , Xian Hong , Wenjun Luo , Jianwei Yan , Jian Yang
{"title":"Novel energy-based analysis approach for determining elastic wave complex band of damped periodic structures using virtual springs","authors":"Wenjie Guo , Xian Hong , Wenjun Luo , Jianwei Yan , Jian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is of importance to determine the complex band property of damped periodic structures for the evaluation of their wave attenuation performance. In view of this, the current paper proposes a new analysis approach based on the energy method and the virtual spring model for the calculation of the complex band. Its essence is to use a virtual spring to simulate periodic boundary conditions such that the wave numbers will only appear in the stiffness matrix of the virtual spring. Subsequently, the previously existed nonlinear eigenvalue solution problem is transformed into a linear eigenvalue solution problem by decoupling the wave numbers of the stiffness matrix and by reducing the order. The calculation procedure of the proposed approach is demonstrated by a case study of a periodically discrete-supported Euler beam, and then extended to deal with two-dimensional periodic structures. The accuracy of the proposed approach is verified by comparison the results with those in existing studies. The effects of the material frequency variation and damping on the propagation and attenuation of vibration waves are investigated. The results reveal that the material frequency variation and damping have a significant effect on the range and rate of wave attenuation. The proposed method has excellent applicability and promising application potential in calculating the complex band structures analysis of coupled periodic structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50980,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 116046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling the dynamic behavior of a coupled nonlinear flexible marine riser","authors":"M.L. Santos , C.A. da Costa Baldez , V. Narciso","doi":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we analyze the dynamic aspect of a coupled system with a von Kármán type nonlinearity. First, using an approach of linear semigroup method combined with standard procedure for nonlinear evolution equations we obtain the global solution. Later, we use the energy perturbation method to establish the exponential decay of the solution as time goes to infinity. In the sequence, due to the non-linearity of the model we propose an effective numerical scheme using the finite element approximation for the variational formulation form corresponding. Then, using the Nakao Method, we show that the energy of the approximate solutions decays exponentially to zero, as time approaches to infinity and we show the rate convergence of the approximate model. Also, we present a numerical approximation to our system to obtain the numerical solution. The algorithms are based on the finite element method of the spatial variable and the implicit Newmark method to the discretized the temporal variable. We finish with some performed numerical experiments to highlight our theoretical results. It is worth noting that this type of approach has not been used in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50980,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 116051"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Wang , Yongdong Peng , You Wang , Isamu Yoshitake , Bin Yan , Bosong Ding
{"title":"Mathematical model for single-pile vibration displacement induced by tunnel construction vibrations based on the Pasternak model","authors":"Rui Wang , Yongdong Peng , You Wang , Isamu Yoshitake , Bin Yan , Bosong Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shield tunneling in hard rock strata generates intense vibrations at the cutterhead, inducing accompanying vibrations in nearby foundation structures and ultimately reducing their bearing capacity. Numerous experiments and simulations were conducted to access the dynamic response of pile under shield tunneling vibrations, but theoretical explanations are not sufficiently reported. This study derived a single pile motion equation in the form of the Pasternak model based on Hamilton's principle. Using Lame's solution from the theory of pressure tunnels, the additional vibrational load on a single pile adjacent to a harmonically vibrating tunnel was derived and incorporated into the pile's motion equation as an excitation. The general solution was obtained using the separation of variables method. The motion equation was validated using FDM. Parameter analysis was conducted to examine the effects of pile-tunnel distance and source dynamics on the pile response mechanism. The results indicated that the motion equation accurately predicted pile deformation pattern and peak horizontal displacement, meeting design requirements. The parameter analysis indicated that the peak horizontal displacement and pile-tunnel distance relationship could be modeled using a Gaussian function, while the peak horizontal displacement exhibited a strong linear correlation with the source amplitude. The proposed pile vibration displacement model provides a theoretical reference for analyzing the dynamic response of adjacent foundations to tunnel construction vibrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50980,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 116053"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Yang , Bing-Bing Xu , Jun Lv , Miao Cui , Huayu Liu , Xiaowei Gao
{"title":"Petrov-Galerkin zonal free element method for piezoelectric structures","authors":"Yi Yang , Bing-Bing Xu , Jun Lv , Miao Cui , Huayu Liu , Xiaowei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apm.2025.116057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel Petrov-Galerkin free element method (PGPZ-FREM) based on a combination of the strong form free element method (FREM), sub-domain mapping technique, and Petrov-Galerkin method for analyzing piezoelectric structures. This is a brand new numerical method that combines the ideas of isogeometric method and meshless method. Similar to the isogeometric method, the computational domain is divided into a lot of patches or subdomains firstly. In each subdomain, local collocation Lagrangian elements are generated according to the location of the nodes. Additionally, the Heaviside step function is selected as the weight function to simplify the calculations. By constructing equations point by point, a set of linear algebraic equations is established to solve the piezoelectric problem. Finally, the accuracy and stability of the piezoelectric zonal Petrov-Galerkin free element method are verified by numerical examples, including a symmetric piezoelectric block, a piezoelectric tuning fork, a dual-material MFC sensor, and the wing skin pressure sensing system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50980,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematical Modelling","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 116057"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}