Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"Vitamin D3 application and factors of its activity in the adrenal cortex of andropausal rats: A functionally-histological study","authors":"Vladimir Ajdžanović ,&nbsp;Branka Šošić-Jurjević ,&nbsp;Jasmina Živanović ,&nbsp;Marko Miler ,&nbsp;Sanja Stanković ,&nbsp;Jovan Ranin ,&nbsp;Branko Filipović","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and aim</h3><p>Vitamin D supplementation in aging subjects manifests a positive effect on various health-related parameters. We performed a functionally-histological analysis of the adrenal cortex regarding the factors of vitamin D activity and corticosterone output after vitamin D3 application in a rat model of the andropause.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Middle-aged Wistar rats were divided into sham operated (<strong>SO</strong>; n=8), orchidectomized (<strong>Orx</strong>; n=8) and vitamin D3-treated orchidectomized (<strong>Orx+vit. D</strong>; n=8) groups. Vitamin D3 (5 μg/kg b.m.) was administered subcutaneously for three weeks, while the <strong>SO</strong> and <strong>Orx</strong> groups received the vehicle alone. Set objectives were achieved using histochemistry/immunohistochemistry, stereology, ultrastructural and biochemical analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Orchidectomy (<strong>Orx</strong>) decreased the adrenal cortex-related volume densities of vascular (p&lt;0,0001), vitamin D receptor (VDR; p&lt;0,0166), cytochrome P450 oxidase 2R1 (CYP 2R1; p&lt;0,0001) and cytochrome P450 oxidase 24 (CYP 24; p&lt;0,0001) depots, but increased the volume density of cytochrome P450 27B1 (CYP 27B1; p&lt;0,0001) depots. In <strong>Orx+vit. D</strong> rats, increase of the adrenal cortex-related volume densities of collagen (p&lt;0,0001), VDR (p&lt;0,0001) and CYP 2R1 (p&lt;0,0001) depots as well as the lipid-droplet diameter (p&lt;0,0001) in adrenocortical outer zona fasciculata cells was observed, while a decrease of volume densities of the vascular (p&lt;0,0001), CYP 27B1 (p&lt;0,0001) and CYP 24 (p&lt;0,0001) depots was registered, all versus <strong>Orx</strong> group. Plasma level of ACTH was decreased (p=0,0155) and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and corticosterone were increased (p&lt;0,0001 and p=0,0187, respectively), all after the same treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Increased corticosterone output after vitamin D3 application to andropausal rats appears not to be related to increased availability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and decreased degradation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in adrenal tissue, but rather involves the central regulatory mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 152322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of religio-cultural beliefs on whole-body donation: A quantitative analysis of a predominantly South African Pedi Community","authors":"Matome N. Matshipi ,&nbsp;Brenda Z. De Gama","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152315","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Body donation is a predominant mode of body sourcing in many countries including South Africa; however, it continues to be limited among the different ethnic groups in the Black African population of South Africa which have been observed to be largely unwilling to provide consent to donate their bodies. Religious and cultural beliefs have been suggested to influence willingness to donate one’s body to science, with most religions regarded as accepting of body donation globally. In contrast, cultural beliefs and practices in the African continent impede body donation. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the factors that influence willingness to participate in body donation among the various ethnic groups of the Black African population of South Africa, particularly the Pedi ethnic group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study sought to investigate factors that determine the disposition to participate in body donation and the influence of religious and cultural beliefs on willingness to consent to donate one’s body among a predominantly Pedi community of the Black African population of South Africa in the Limpopo province.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this cross-sectional study, 300 four-page questionnaires were distributed to conveniently sampled individuals from the GaMaphale (Pipa) village of the Limpopo province of South Africa. Descriptive statistics (frequency tables and Pearson’s chi-square test for independence) followed by a stepwise backward regression were conducted to obtain key factors determining willingness to donate one’s body, the influence of religious and cultural beliefs, and also the likelihood of willingness to participate in body donation in this community. A &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-value of &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;A total of 190 (63 %) responses were obtained. The level of awareness about body donation was 30 % (n= &lt;sup&gt;57&lt;/sup&gt;/&lt;sub&gt;190&lt;/sub&gt;), and 41 % (n= &lt;sup&gt;78&lt;/sup&gt;/&lt;sub&gt;190&lt;/sub&gt;) of respondents were willing to donate their bodies. Age (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.001), educational level (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.037), belief in a higher entity (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.007), ancestral (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001), and religious (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001) beliefs allowing for body donation were statistically associated with willingness to donate one’s body. The elderly respondents were less likely to agree to donate their bodies compared to younger adults. Respondents who understood that religion allowed them to self-donate were 50 times more likely to agree to donate their bodies than those who did not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Discussion and conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Findings reflect that a high percentage of respondents were unaware of body donation while a considerable number of respondents were willing to donate their bodies to science based on their religious and cultural beliefs allowing them to do so. Potential body donors from this community will likely be younger and belong ","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 152315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224001079/pdfft?md5=80a08f0fa5d92ec51548e1ccbfb2c0b2&pid=1-s2.0-S0940960224001079-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical characteristics of maxillary anterior incisor, conventional immediate implantation and socket shield technique — A finite element analysis and case report","authors":"Zhangyan Ye ,&nbsp;Mingquan Yu ,&nbsp;Yanwu Ji ,&nbsp;Shengrui Jia ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Xu ,&nbsp;Huiyu Yao ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Hua ,&nbsp;Zhongqiang Feng ,&nbsp;Guangwei Shangguan ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuekun Hou ,&nbsp;Xi Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To prevent the absorption and collapse of the labial bone plate of the anterior teeth, immediate implantation and socket shield technique have been increasingly applied to anterior dental aesthetic implant restoration.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To provide a biomechanical basis for implant restoration of maxillary anterior teeth, finite element analysis was used to investigate the stress peak and distribution in different anatomical sites of natural teeth, conventional immediate implantation and socket shield technique.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three maxillary finite element models were established, including a maxillary incisor as a natural tooth, a conventional immediate implantation and a socket shield technique. A mechanical load of 100 N was applied to simulate and analyze the biomechanical behavior of the root, periodontal ligament (PDL), implant and surrounding bone interface.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The stress distribution of the natural tooth was relatively uniform under load. The maximum von Mises stress of the root, periodontal ligament, cortical bone and cancellous bone were 20.14 MPa, 2.473 MPa, 19.48 MPa and 5.068 MPa, respectively. When the conventional immediate implantation was loaded, the stress was mainly concentrated around the neck of implant. Maximum stress on the surface of the implant was 102 MPa, the cortical bone was 16.13 MPa, and the cancellous bone was 18.29 MPa. When the implantation with socket shield technique was loaded, the stress distribution of the implant was similar to that of immediate implantation. Maximum stress on the surface of the implant was 100.5 MPa, the cortical bone was 23.11 MPa, the cancellous bone was 21.66 MPa, the remaining tooth fragment was 29.42 MPa and the periodontal ligament of the tooth fragment was 1.131 MPa.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>1. Under static loading, both socket shield technology and conventional immediate implantation can support the esthetic restoration of anterior teeth biomechanically. 2.Under short-term follow-up, both immediate implant and socket shield technology achieved satisfactory clinical results, including bone healing and patient satisfaction. 3.The stress distribution is mainly located on the buccal bone surface of the implant and is associated with resorption of the buccal bone plate after implant replacement in both socket shield technology and conventional immediate implantation. 4.The presence of retained root fragment had an impact on the bone graft gap. In immediate implantation, the peak stress was located in the cortical bone near the implant position, while in socket shield technology, the peak stress was at the neck of the cortical bone corresponding to the retained root fragment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 152313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single Angiofil-latex injection for both radiological and anatomical assessment of arterial territories in the limbs","authors":"Julie Manon ,&nbsp;Gaspary Fodjeu ,&nbsp;Robin Evrard ,&nbsp;Lucien Van den Broeck ,&nbsp;Mathieu Jacob ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Coche ,&nbsp;Olivier Cornu ,&nbsp;Catherine Behets ,&nbsp;Benoît Lengelé","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Postmortem evaluation of the human vascular system has a long history, with advancements ranging from dissections to modern imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT scan). This study designs a novel combination of Angiofil, a liquid radiopaque polymer, and latex, a flexible cast material, for cadaveric vascular analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Material &amp; methods</h3><p>The aim was to synergize the advantages of both components, providing accurate radiological images and optimal dissection conditions. Three arterial territories (lateral circumflex femoral artery, profunda brachii artery, and radial artery) were injected and assessed through CT scans and dissections.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The Angiofil-latex mixture allowed successful visualization of the vascular networks, offering a simple, reproducible, and non-toxic approach. Quantitative assessments of the three territories, including diameters and lengths, showed comparable results between CT scan and dissection.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The technique precision and versatility make it an accessible and valuable tool for anatomical studies, potentially extending its application to MRI analyses. Overall, the Angiofil-latex combination presents a cost-effective solution for researchers, offering enhanced visibility and detailed anatomical insights for various applications, including anatomical variation studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 152312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224001043/pdfft?md5=f3edf5df381dbefddea9544d7a3dc7b7&pid=1-s2.0-S0940960224001043-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin's protective role against Bisphenol F and S-induced skeletal damage: A morphometric and histological study in rat","authors":"Firuze Turker Yavas ,&nbsp;Figen Sevil Kilimci ,&nbsp;Ayse Nur Akkoc ,&nbsp;Hande Sultan Sahiner ,&nbsp;Özge Bardakci Yilmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of Bisphenol F and S exposure on the skeletal structures of Sprague-Dawley rats. Given the increasing concern about the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of Bisphenol analogs on bone health, this research sought to elucidate their impact in conjunction with Melatonin. Using 80 male Sprague Dawley rats, bones were subjected to a 3-point bending test to assess mechanical properties, and histopathological evaluation was conducted after fixation and decalcification. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. The results of the mechanical tests revealed significant differences in deformation and elastic modulus values between groups treated with Bisphenol F+Melatonin and Bisphenol S+Melatonin compared to the control groups. However, the histological images showed no significant differences between the groups. In the discussion, it was noted that the injection of Bisphenol F and Melatonin together increased bone hardness, suggesting that Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S may mitigate the negative effects of melatonin on bone. We attributed the absence of histological differences to the male gender of the studied rats and previous exposure considerations. This study shows that Melatonin can reduce Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S′ rapid adjustment effects and increase bone elasticity. The side effects of Bisphenol F and S, as well as the prophylactic effects of Melatonin, can be observed and improved by carefully adjusting the duration, dose, and gender selection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 152314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of the histological and functional effects of botulinum toxin A on masticatory muscles: Consideration in dentofacial orthopedics and orthognathic surgery","authors":"Jean-François Guignardat ,&nbsp;Gwénaël Raoul ,&nbsp;Joël Ferri ,&nbsp;James J. Sciote ,&nbsp;Romain Nicot","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Botulinum toxin type A causes muscle paralysis and is widely used in the masticatory muscle for stomatognathic diseases, such as temporomandibular disorder, bruxism, or masseteric hypertrophy. Nonetheless, its muscular effect remains unclear. Better understanding could aid improved use and perhaps new indications, particularly in dentofacial orthopaedics and orthognathic surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This systematic review explored the histologic and functional effects of botulinum toxin in animal and human masticatory muscles and was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched for relevant articles. The inclusion criteria were human or animal masticatory muscle analysis after botulinum toxin injection(s) AND histological structural/ultrastructural analysis by optical or electronic microscopy OR functional effect analysis by bite force evaluation (occlusal force analyzer) and muscle activity (electromyography).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of an initial 1578 articles, 44 studies were eventually included. Botulinum toxin injection in the masticatory muscle altered its histological structure and functional properties. The human and animal studies revealed ultrastructural change, atrophy, and fiber type modifications of the masticatory muscles after one injection. Botulinum toxin decreased bite force and muscle activity, but recovery was uncertain.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Muscle forces applied on the skeleton is a key feature of facial growth. Masticatory muscle paralysis changes mechanical stress on bones, which rebalances the force applied on facial bones. This new balance could benefit dental deformity or surgical relapse. Therefore, botulinum toxin could limit the orthognathic effect of the masticatory muscles in such patients. Given the uncertain recovery, multiple injections should be avoided, and usage should not deviate from established consensus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 152302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamic progression of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis-like lesions elicited by mandibular shift in a rat model","authors":"Yuchun Zou ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Huang ,&nbsp;Hanyu Lin ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Dai ,&nbsp;Xiran Dai ,&nbsp;Senxin Cai ,&nbsp;Dali Zheng ,&nbsp;You-Guang Lu ,&nbsp;Linyu Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) presents significant challenges due to its complex etiology, often insidious onset, high incidence, and progressive structural deterioration. While research has explored genetic and molecular factors, treatment outcomes remain suboptimal, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of disease progression.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study employs a specific mandibular shift rat model to explore the dynamic progression of TMJ-OA-like lesions and evaluate the potential for self-repair at different stages, aiming to inform early diagnosis and preventative strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seventy-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: a control group (n=24; average weight: 157.23±1.63 g) receiving sham surgery. an experimental group (n=24; average weight: 157.78±1.88 g) subjected to mandibular shift induction, and a removal group (n=24; average weight: 158.11±2.20 g) experiencing mandibular shift for one, two, or four weeks followed by a one-month recovery period (designated as 1w Removal, 2w Removal and 4w Removal, respectively). Histomorphological and molecular analyses were conducted at designated time points.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Rats in the 1-week removal group exhibited substantial recovery in condylar morphology, cartilage thickness, extracellular matrix composition, and expression of OA-related genes. Conversely, the 4-week removal group mirrored the experimental group, indicating limited self-repair capacity at later stages. The 2-week removal group presented with variable outcomes, with some animals showing signs of recovery and others resembling the experimental group, indicating a potential transitional phase in the disease process.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Recovery from early-stage TMJ-OA involves eliminating provoking factors such as occlusal interference or reducing joint loading. However, advanced stages exhibit diminished self-repair capabilities, necessitating additional therapeutic interventions. These findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in TMJ-OA management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 152301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracerebroventricular injection of spexin stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and increases the secretion of male reproductive hormones in rats","authors":"Nesibe Yilmaz ,&nbsp;Rida Zahiraldin Ibrahim Yasi̇n ,&nbsp;Azibe Yildiz","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Male reproductive functions are regulated in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Any problem in this axis would lead to the deterioration of reproductive functions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) Spexin (SPX) infusion on the HPG axis in detail.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>40 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, sham, SPX 30 nmol and SPX 100 nmol (n=10). 30 nmol/1 µl/hour SPX was administered icv to the rats in the SPX 30 nmol group for 7 days, while rats in the SPX 100 nmol group were administered 100 nmol/1 µl/hour SPX. On the 7th day, the rats were decapitated, blood and tissue samples were collected. Serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels were determined with the ELISA method, GnRH mRNA expression level was determined in hypothalamus with the RT-PCR method. Seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial thickness were determined with the hematoxylin-eosin staining method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>SPX infusion was increased GnRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamus tissue independent of the dose (p&lt;0.05). Serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels in the SPX groups were increased when compared to the control and sham groups independent of the dose (p &lt;0.05). Histological analysis revealed that SPX infusion did not lead to any changes in seminiferous epithelial thickness, while the tubule diameter increased in the SPX groups (p&lt;0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study findings demonstrated that icv SPX infusion stimulated the HPG axis and increased the secretion of male reproductive hormones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 152300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological differences between the lesser and the greater omenta in albino rats","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Publications report that all mammals have two omenta, namely, lesser omentum and greater omentum. Basically, these organs, which share the same name except for the adjective “lesser” or “greater,” should not differ from each other. However, no clear description of the structure of the lesser omentum, as well as comparative morphological analysis between the lesser and greater omenta have been found in the literature, which necessitates a thorough investigation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the morphofunctional differences between the greater and lesser omenta in albino rats.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The experiment involved 20 mature male albino rats, weighing 298,28±7,36 grams. The material for our study were preparations of lesser and greater omenta, fixed in 10 % of neutral buffered formalin. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson stain.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The findings of the study showed that the greater omentum in albino rats, unlike other derivatives of the omentum (ligaments and mesenteries), represents a free extension (mostly from the greater curvature of the stomach), in the form of an “apron,” into a specific depth of the peritoneal cavity, duplicating the serous membrane. This duplication is characterized by the composition of two structurally interdependent formations. These include vascular-fatty arcades, associated with lymphoid nodules known as milky spots, and binding serous-reticular membranes. The findings of the study of the lesser omentum have established that in all cases it is located beneath the liver and becomes visualized only after hepatolifting. It is presented in the form of two ligaments: hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric, which contain two main structured formations, which we called vascular-fatty spurs, between these spurs, serous-reticular membranes are located.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>despite having similar names, the lesser omentum, a derivative of the peritoneum, is fundamentally different. As it is well known, the lesser omentum is represented by ligaments that extend from the liver hilus to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the duodenum. Due to this arrangement, the lesser omentum lacks the mobile activity characteristic of the greater omentum, which plays a crucial role in rapid response to damage in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite sharing the same names, both formations differ in shape, morphological structure, development and function</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 152299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An easy-to-perform protocol for culturing primary murine lung tumor cells as organoids","authors":"Jannis Ludwig ,&nbsp;Felix Ritzmann ,&nbsp;Andreas Kamyschnikow ,&nbsp;Christian Herr ,&nbsp;Robert Bals ,&nbsp;Christoph Beisswenger","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancer research involves significant animal consumption and suffering. Tumor cells can be differentiated <em>in vitro</em> into three-dimensional organoids that resemble the primary tumor. In basic cancer research, however, tumor organoids are usually only used alongside animal experiments. We have established an easy-to-perform protocol that allows to culture KRAS-driven lung tumor cells as organoids for extended periods of time. Like the corresponding tumors in mice, the organoids produce surfactant protein C but no markers of airway epithelial cells (e.g. SCGB1A1, KRT5). The organoids can be passaged as single cell suspensions. Our organoid model contributes to replace animal experiments with cell culture systems and can be used for drug testing or functional studies in cancer research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 152298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224000906/pdfft?md5=1fc499881cb0c2f9daff7eb378979625&pid=1-s2.0-S0940960224000906-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}