Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"The retromandibular loop of the external carotid artery","authors":"Cătălin Constantin Dumitru ,&nbsp;Alexandra Diana Vrapciu ,&nbsp;Adelina Maria Jianu ,&nbsp;Sorin Hostiuc ,&nbsp;Mugurel Constantin Rusu","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The external carotid artery (ECA) is a major artery of the head and neck. Although numerous studies describe the variability of ECA branches, the course variation of the ECA was seemingly overlooked. It was aimed to study the morphological possibilities of the retromandibular segment of the ECA.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A retrospective study was performed on 60 computed tomography angiograms of 26 male and 31 female adult patients. Three types of retromandibular ECA were defined: type 1 – the ECA has a straight course deep to the anatomical plane of the ramus of the mandible; type 2 – the ECA makes a retromandibular loop directed laterally, extending externally to the anatomical plane of the ramus of the mandible; and type 3 – the retromandibular loop directed laterally reaches just behind the posterior margin of the ramus of the mandible.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Type 1 was found in just 43.33%, type 2 in 18.33%, and type 3 in 38.33% of 120 sides cases. On the right, type 1 was significantly associated with the male gender, and type 3 with the female gender (Pearson Chi2=10.9, p=0.004). On the left, there were no statistically significant associations (Pearson Chi2=3.5, p=0.153). In 20 cases, the retromandibular course of the ECA was asymmetrical; in 21 cases, type 1 was recorded bilaterally; in 5 cases, type 2 was bilaterally symmetrical; and in 14 cases, type 3 was found bilaterally.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These previously undocumented types of ECA are relevant during parotid surgery and should be investigated preoperatively on a case-by-case basis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139708729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphofunctional and histological patterns of blood vessels in the superficial cervicofacial musculoaponeurotic system in midlateral face regions","authors":"Ramona Paula Cucu ,&nbsp;Marius Valeriu Hînganu ,&nbsp;Victor-Vlad Costan ,&nbsp;Ludmila Lozneanu ,&nbsp;Otilia Boişteanu ,&nbsp;Camelia Tamaş ,&nbsp;Dragoş Negru ,&nbsp;Delia Hînganu","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The superficial cervicofacial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is a complex network formed by mimic muscles and conjunctive tissue of the superficial fascia<span> of the face.This study aimed to introduce new anatomofunctional data on the importance of the trans-SMAS distribution pattern of the skin microperfusion of the face and to underline the role of SMAS in maintaining the homeostasis<span> of the vascular network that crosses it. Considering the fibrous and muscular matrix of the SMAS, using COLIII and MyoH2 antibodies, together with endothelial immunohistochemistry(IHC)intercellular adhesion molecule 2 marker, we determined the correlation of these structures and their interaction.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study included 33donors of SMAS tissues, which have been stained withregular hematoxylin<span> and eosin<span> (HE), and three different IHC markers have been used (collagen III, muscular tissue, and blood vessels). The samples were collected from parotid, masseteric, jugal, and zygomatic regions. Magnetic resonance angiography was used to identify the main vascular sources of the midlateral regions of the face of another 47 patients.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Significant differences in topographic arrangement, density, and relations of the microsopic vasculature<span> were observed between each of the four regions. Major differences were identified between the role of SMAS in each of these regions, from the parotid capsule to masseteric fascia, transition mobile part, and attaching manners in the zygomatic subunit.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Blood vessel topography must be related with the surrounding conjunctive and muscular tissue, especially regarding facial SMAS. Intrinsic relations between these three components of the SMAS and nervous fibers can provide us important hints on the functionality of the whole system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the celiac trunk and its branching pattern by magnetic resonance angiography","authors":"Necmi Keskin ,&nbsp;Belgin Bamac ,&nbsp;Ozgur Cakir ,&nbsp;Ercument Ciftci ,&nbsp;Tuncay Colak ,&nbsp;Cagatay Barut","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The study aimed to examine the celiac trunk (CT) in detail by magnetic resonance angiography, to determine the locations, positions and variations of the CT, to provide detailed information for surgeons and interventional radiologists, and to reduce the time spent in the catheter angiography.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>MR angiography images of 185 patients with abdominal imaging in PACS (Picture Archiving Communication Systems) were retrospectively analyzed. The level of origin of CT, according to the vertebral column, angle of origin, distance between CT and branches of the abdominal aorta (AA), and the branching pattern of CT were evaluated. Parameters were evaluated according to gender and age.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The most common origin site for CT, according to the vertebral column, was found to be at T12-L1 in both genders. There was a low, positive correlation between age and CT-Sagittal angle (SA) in the whole study group (p&lt;0.05). The most common CT branching pattern was the hepatogastrosplenic trunk in both genders, according to Adachi and Uflkacker’s classification. The distance between CT and the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and CT and the aortic bifurcation (AB) of males was greater than in females, and the differences were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Knowledge of the locations, positions, and variations of CT is essential in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and decision-making mechanisms regarding the type of intervention to be performed for this vessel and related structures. In addition, the fact that data on these vessels can be obtained by MR angiography due to the improved image quality will prevent patients and physicians from the problems caused by the ionizing radiation of computed tomography. The data presented will constitute a basis for detailed and individualized interpretation and evaluation of each patient, as they provide important details about the configuration of the CT concerning gender and age using MRA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139587188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral duplicated inferior vena cava associated with aberrant internal iliac and gonadal veins: A case-based narrative review","authors":"Arthur Tsalani Manjatika ,&nbsp;Pedzisai Mazengenya ,&nbsp;Joshua Gabriel Davimes","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The left side anterior retroperitoneal approach is preferred for the management of lumbosacral spine<span><span><span> disorders as there is reduced risk for vascular injury. The presence of multiple and uncommon venous variations on either side of the spine, like the bilateral duplicated </span>inferior vena cava (DIVC), may complicate surgery in this region. The current study describes two rare cases of bilateral duplicated inferior vena cava associated with internal iliac and </span>gonadal veins.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The cases were identified during routine human dissections of the posterior abdominal wall<span> of 89 (45 males, 44 females) individuals. The course, relations and morphometry of each duplicated inferior vena cava were examined and recorded.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two (2.2%) of the 89 (1 male, 1 female) dissected individuals showed the presence of bilateral duplicated infrarenal segments of the inferior vena cava. In both cases, the pre-aortic trunk (vein) was the largest and the left inferior vena cava was the smallest. Both cases of bilateral DIVC presented with anomalous interiliac communicating veins, internal iliac veins, and drainage sites of the left gonadal veins.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The duplicated inferior vena cava may present with associated venous anomalies like those related to the gonadal and internal iliac veins. Knowledge of the duplicated inferior vena cava and its associated venous anomalies may be essential for accurately identifying and diagnosing vascular dysfunction and improving radiological interpretation across multiple surgical specialities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139658778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wilhelm Waldeyer as an object – Anatomists as body donors","authors":"Andreas Winkelmann","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Berlin anatomist Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz (1836–1921) donated his skull, brain, and hands to his institute. Only the skull survives in the present-day collection. This study investigates the skull itself as much as the historical context of Waldeyer's donation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Physical-anthropological investigation of the remains and historical research.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Waldeyer's main motivation was the donation of his brain to science. While this was the first ever recorded body donation in Berlin, it was not unusual for scientists of his time to donate their brains and/or to investigate brains of fellow scientists to correlate brain morphology to individual traits. Nevertheless, Waldeyer's pupil Hans Virchow expressed reservations dissecting his former boss, reservations that were unknown to him when dissecting others. Waldeyer's brain was never investigated and not preserved, likely due to damage by stroke and poor anatomical fixation. Waldeyer's skull shows the common features of a male European of senile age with some notable anatomical variation including a \"trigeminus bridge\".</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Waldeyer's donation is embedded in a tradition of research looking, if in vain, for traceable signs of intelligence or geniality in brains of well-known individuals. Reservations of anatomists to dissect other anatomists and to donate their own bodies persist until today.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224000013/pdfft?md5=d41d0941594db35908b1a447fd8fc5ff&pid=1-s2.0-S0940960224000013-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139555262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the study performance of dental students in different subfields of neuroanatomy at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and evaluation of the neuroanatomy course in the fourth preclinical semester","authors":"Lena Gökinan,&nbsp;Anna Steinborn,&nbsp;Irene Brunk","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The dentist's main working area is the head and neck region, which is innervated by the cranial nerves. On a daily basis, dentists must administer local anaesthesia to ensure pain-free treatment and differentiate between dental pain and neuropathies to avoid mistreatment. Therefore, neuroanatomical training, especially on the cranial nerves, is of immense importance for clinical practice. In order to adopt the curriculum, it is essential to constantly evaluate the quality of the training and to investigate whether there is a correlation between the students' performance and the relevance of the subfields to their work.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>To address this issue, the results of MC exams in the neuroanatomy course for dental students at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin from winter semester 2014/2015 to winter semester 2019/2020 were analysed. Each question was assigned to a specific subfield of neuroanatomy. We then compared cranial nerves and cranial nerve nuclei (clinically relevant) with the remaining subfields (clinically less/not relevant) to investigate whether students performed better in anatomy subfields that are more aligned with the clinical practice of a dentist. We also conducted an anonymous survey (n=201) of the dental students.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From winter semester 2014/2015 to winter semester 2019/2020, students performed significantly (***, p&lt; 0.001) better on the clinically relevant questions of the MC examination than on the less/not clinically relevant questions. However, when looking at each of the eleven semesters separately, only three semesters actually performed significantly better on the clinically relevant questions. Our survey also showed that students perceived the subfield of cranial nerves and cranial nerve nuclei to be the most relevant and studied it more intensively out of their own interest.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The study showed that students perceived the subfield of cranial nerves and cranial nerve nuclei to be the most relevant. However, there was no direct correlation between student performance and clinically relevant questions. Using student performance alone as an indicator of relevance is not optimal, as factors such as motivation to learn can have a significant impact.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Greater clinical relevance influences what students learn more intensively out of their own interest, but does not influence the results of the MC examination in favour of the subspecialty. Based on the available evidence, it is recommended that the structure of the neuroanatomy course be reconsidered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224000037/pdfft?md5=8f8e4c61f7b7040c0b964a8b281cca70&pid=1-s2.0-S0940960224000037-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139510026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acquisition of cadavers for anatomy education and research in Malawi","authors":"Arthur Tsalani Manjatika ,&nbsp;Joshua Gabriel Davimes ,&nbsp;Anthony Mwakikunga","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of human cadaveric dissection forms an essential part of teaching anatomy to health sciences students in Malawi. Despite worldwide struggles in acquiring sufficient human cadavers for anatomy education, the current recommendations on the best anatomy practices require the use of cadavers exclusively from the body donation programs. The current study aims to describe the sources of cadaveric bodies used for anatomy education in the Malawian context and reflect on the feasibility of using cadavers from the body donation program only.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective audit of the cadaveric records for the 2006–2022 academic years at the Kamuzu University of Health Sciences was done. The perceived challenges when sourcing the cadavers were identified and described based on the authors experiences in Malawi.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The majority (97.3%) of the cadavers used between 2006 and 2022 were unclaimed bodies. The mean age of the cadavers was 45 years. Most (95.6%) of the unclaimed bodies were males. All the unclaimed bodies were sourced from hospitals. The body donation program in Malawi was patronized by populations of European descent only. Strongly held sociocultural and religious beliefs as well as economic reasons were perceived as significant barriers to acquiring cadavers of the indigenous Malawians through the body donation program.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Cadavers for anatomy education in Malawi are mainly from unclaimed bodies, similar to other African countries. The authors support the transition from using “mostly unclaimed bodies (and, less often, body donation)” to using “mostly body donation (and, less often, unclaimed bodies)” through awareness campaigns that are targeted to address the prevailing challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of bone mass density and alveolar bone resorption on stress in implant restoration of free-end edentulous posterior mandible: Finite element analysis of double-factor sensitivity","authors":"Zhangyan Ye ,&nbsp;Hao Ye ,&nbsp;Yue Wu ,&nbsp;Zhengting Jiang ,&nbsp;Huiyu Yao ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Xu ,&nbsp;Yitian Zhang ,&nbsp;Weifeng Du ,&nbsp;Wenshan Li ,&nbsp;Yuwei Zheng ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Ye ,&nbsp;Xi Ding ,&nbsp;Lijun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Osseous condition of the mandible was regarded as a key factor influencing stability of implants in the early stage. </span>Finite element analysis<span> was used to assess the effect of bone mass density and alveolar bone<span> resorption (double factors) on stress in a four-unit implant restoration of a free-end edentulous posterior mandible.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A 3D finite element model was constructed for a single-sided free-end edentulous mandible (from mandibular first premolar<span><span> to mandibular second molar) containing threaded dental implants. Mandible sensitivity modes were constructed with different alveolar bone resorption levels for normal conditions as well as mild, moderate and severe </span>periodontitis<span><span>, respectively. Based on the mass density of cancellous bone for four types of bones as the sensitivity parameter, two </span>implant design<span> modes were constructed: Model A (four-unit fixed bridge supported by three implants, implant positions were 34, 36 and 37) and model B: 34 × 36, 37 (37: a single implant crown) (34 × 36: three-unit fixed bridge supported by two implants, implant positions were 34 and 36). A total of 32 sensitivity-based finite element models, grouped in two groups, were constructed. Stress distribution and maximum von Mises stress on cortical bone and cancellous bone around the implant, as well as the surface of implant were investigated by using ABAQUS when vertical loading and 45° oblique loading were applied, respectively.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>When vertical loading was applied on the implant, maximum von Mises stress on the cortical bone around the implant was assessed to be 4.726 MPa - 13.15 MPa and 6.254 MPa - 13.79 MPa for groups A and B, respectively; maximum stress on the cancellous bone around the implant was 2.641 MPa - 3.773 MPa and 2.864 MPa - 4.605 MPa, respectively; maximum stress on the surface of implant was 14.7 MPa - 21.17 MPa and 21.64 MPa - 30.70 MPa, respectively. When 45° oblique loading was applied on the implant restoration, maximum von Mises stress on the cortical bone around the implant was assessed to be 42.08 MPa - 92.71 MPa and 50.84 MPa - 102.5 MPa for groups A and B, respectively; maximum stress on the cancellous bone around the implant was 4.88 MPa - 25.95 MPa and 5.227 MPa - 28.43 MPa, respectively; maximum stress on the surface of implant was 77.91 MPa - 124.8 MPa and 109.2 MPa - 150.7 MPa, respectively. Stress peak on the cortical bone and that on cancellous bone around the implant increased and decreased with the decrease in bone mass density, respectively. Stress peak on alveolar bone increased with alveolar bone resorption when oblique loading was applied.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>1. Both alveolar bone resorption and bone mass density (double factors) are critical to implant restoration. Bone mass density may exhibit a more pronounced impact than","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The tendon of the fibularis brevis muscle – Systematic overview and new classification system","authors":"Nicol Zielinska ,&nbsp;R. Shane Tubbs ,&nbsp;Bartosz Gonera ,&nbsp;Georgi P. Georgiev ,&nbsp;Friedrich Paulsen ,&nbsp;Łukasz Olewnik","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fibularis brevis muscle belongs to the lateral compartment of the leg. It originates from the lower two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula bone and it also is attached to the anterior intermuscular septum. Its insertion is normally located on the tuberosity at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone, on its lateral side. However, distal attachment of this muscle is morphologically variable. Different variations have been identified and some classification systems have been created for both adults and foetuses. Based on various literature references, we have created a new classification system and compared the frequency of each type. The main aim of this review is to present morphological variations of the fibularis brevis tendon with their clinical significance, especially in autografting in case of surgical treatment of fibularis brevis tendon rupture. The clinical aspect of this pathology and some medical cases will also be presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139408255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal vascular anatomy of the human lacrimal gland: A protocol based on cadaver dissection and three-dimensional micro-computed tomography","authors":"Swati Singh ,&nbsp;Prakshi Chopra ,&nbsp;Fabian Necker ,&nbsp;Michael Scholz ,&nbsp;Anna-Maria Liphardt ,&nbsp;Louis Schuster ,&nbsp;Friedrich Paulsen ,&nbsp;Lars Bräuer","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To evaluate the feasibility of studying the vascular supply of the orbital and palpebral lobes of the human lacrimal gland using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and microscopic dissection.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The lacrimal gland artery of a fresh parasagittalized cadaver head (male, aged 76 years) was infused with a lead oxide-latex mixture near the occipital pole of the gland. The entire lacrimal gland was imaged using micro-CT and 3D cinematic rendering (CR) and then dissected under a surgical microscope.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Micro-CT and CR images showed well-demarcated internal vascular branches of the lacrimal artery and their distribution within the orbital and palpebral lobes. The entire course of the artery and its branches could be visualized by CR and microscopic dissection, with the former showing better spatial orientation and finer branching. The main artery runs along the free edge of the aponeurosis of the levator </span>palpebrae<span> superior muscle and lies in the isthmus portion of the gland (between the orbital and palpebral lobes). The branches of the main lacrimal artery include one branch to the orbital adipose tissue just before entering the gland, two branches to the orbital lobe (medial and lateral), and two branches to the palpebral lobe (medial and lateral). The main artery terminates as palpebral and orbital lobe branches in the lateral half of the lacrimal gland.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Latex and contrast-enhanced micro-CT is very well suited to visualize the vascular anatomy of the lacrimal artery within the gland. A large number of lacrimal gland examinations using the method presented here are required to demonstrate and understand the variability of the vascular anatomy of the human lacrimal gland.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139069170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}