Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"A novel perspective on geniculate ganglion fossa: Cone beam computed tomography analysis of pneumatization and dehiscence","authors":"Răzvan Costin Tudose ,&nbsp;Mugurel Constantin Rusu","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and patterns of geniculate ganglion fossa (GGF) pneumatization, as well as the dehiscence and thickness of its tegmen, while evaluating their anatomical correlations. The assessment was conducted using two coronal planes aligned with the histological division of the GGF.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventy cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (140 sides) were analyzed. Two coronal planes through the GGF were used, based on its histology: an anterior plane through the ganglion and a posterior plane through the facial nerve fibers. Pneumatization was assessed by identifying air cells within a 2 mm range of the GGF, examining its superior, lateral, medial, and inferior walls, and classifying the pneumatization patterns. The GGF tegmen dehiscence was evaluated in both planes and categorized as intact, partial, or total. Based on combined findings, five dehiscence types were defined, ranging from type 1 (no dehiscence) to type 5 (complete dehiscence in both coronal planes). The classification reflects the progressive extent of tegmen dehiscence across these planes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Type 1 (intact GGF tegmen) was the most common, observed in 47.1 % of cases, while partial dehiscence (types 2–4) and complete dehiscence (type 5) were found in 39.3 % and 13.6 % of cases, respectively. Pneumatization was predominantly lateral (95 %), corresponding to the epitympanum, while superior pneumatization within the GGF tegmen occurred in 33.6 % of cases. Circumferential pneumatization, involving all GGF walls, was very rare (1 case, left side). Superior pneumatization correlated with a significantly greater mean GGF tegmen thickness compared to non-pneumatized cases (2.6 ± 1.3 mm vs. 1.2 ± 0.7 mm). GGF tegmen dehiscence did not significantly influence tegmen tympani dehiscence (prevalence of 72.9 %), indicating no clear association.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Assessing GGF morphology in anterior and posterior planes, thus correlated with the histological division of its neural content, can enhance preoperative planning and help predict and minimize surgical risks in this complex and delicate region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 152402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographic and anatomical variability of the facial artery: Structure and physiology","authors":"Vladimir Nikolenko ,&nbsp;Olga Polyakova ,&nbsp;Andrey Voronin ,&nbsp;Natalya Chuchkova ,&nbsp;Nataliya Zharova ,&nbsp;Viktor Chuchkov ,&nbsp;Irina Vineyard ,&nbsp;Yury Zharikov ,&nbsp;André Pontes-Silva ,&nbsp;Tatyana Zharikova","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large number of complications associated with incorrect visualization of the facial artery or ignorance of the anatomy of the major facial vessel make this problem quite relevant. An in-depth understanding of anatomical variations, projections and topography, taking into account the depth of the facial artery, can help reduce the risk of adverse outcomes during cosmetic procedures. In addition, it assists plastic and maxillofacial surgeons in managing facial trauma and performing surgical procedures, including advanced endoscopic facelift techniques and endoscopic blepharoplasty, where the risk of vascular injury is higher. In cases of vascular injury, anatomical knowledge allows the selection of an optimal hemostatic approach. The aim of this review is to systematize current data on anatomical variations, topography, and external landmarks of the facial artery, providing a classification and visual representation of different patterns. This structured information will undoubtedly benefit clinicians in various fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 152393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the surface topography of human acellular and cellular tooth cementum by atomic force microscopy","authors":"Wiktor Luczak ,&nbsp;Christopher Hinrichs ,&nbsp;Christoph Kleber ,&nbsp;Achim Walter Hassel ,&nbsp;Kurt W. Alt ,&nbsp;Nicole Nicklisch","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dental cementum plays a key role in maintaining the health and functional integrity of teeth throughout an individual’s life. While different cementum types are distinguished according to location and function, their specific properties are not yet fully understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study aimed to compare the structural properties of different types of tooth cementum by analysing their surface texture using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Transverse and longitudinal sections of five anterior teeth extracted from four male individuals were prepared and analysed by TM-AFM (Core AFM) both with and without hydrochloric acid etching. The TM-AFM measurements were further analysed using the Gwyddion software to determine the roughness parameters (root mean square of height irregularities and mean roughness).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The acid-etched sections exhibited distinctive features with regard to fibre structure and orientation compared to the unetched sections, with fundamental differences between acellular and cellular cementum. In contrast to acellular extrinsic fibre cementum (AEFC), cellular intrinsic fibre cementum (CIFC) showed increased roughness values after acid etching, with some variability, both between teeth and between subjects. The relative percentage difference (RPD) between the cementum types varied between 11.4 % in unetched transverse sections and up to 89.8 % in etched sections. The AEFC images revealed finely branched fibres between radial Sharpey’s fibre bundles.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results show that TM-AFM imaging combined with acid etching is a suitable technique for characterising the surface texture of different types of tooth cementum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 152392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the expression and role of N-Myc in spermatogonial stem cells and male infertility","authors":"Emad Reza ,&nbsp;Hossein Azizi ,&nbsp;Thomas Skutella","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In order to sustain reproduction, this study aims to investigate the role of N-Myc in the regulation of spermatogonial stem cell differentiation and the consequent generation of sperm during spermatogenesis. By analyzing specific gene expression patterns associated with N-Myc signaling pathways, we seek to identify potential targets for infertility treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Main methods</h3><div>In this study on mice, we constructed a PPI network in embryonic stem cells, germ cells, SSCs and pluripotent stem cells using the GEO datasets, NCBI, STRING, and Cytoscape databases. Then, after isolating spermatogonial stem cells from 6 C57BL/6 mice, ES-like cells were prepared. We further examined <em>N-Myc, Oct4, Sox9, Vasa</em>, and <em>Plzf</em> expression in testes, SSCs, and ES-like cells by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunocytochemistry (ICC), also the expression of <em>N-Myc</em> using RT-PCR. Finally, we performed gene set enrichment and miRNA analysis for <em>N-Myc</em> using Enrichr and miRTarBase.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div><em>N-Myc</em> has a central role in PPIs for genes maintaining pluripotency. In addition, this gene is coexpressed with <em>Oct4</em>, and positive expression of the <em>Vasa</em> and <em>Plzf</em> genes was observed in seminiferous tubule cells. The interaction network of <em>N-Myc</em> with microRNAs and lncRNAs was constructed, and the biological roles of <em>N-Myc</em> in spermatogenesis, such as glycolysis, were revealed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The result highlight that <em>N-Myc</em> is essential for orchestrating the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells into mature sperm by interacting with key regulatory factors. This underscores its pivotal role in both maintaining pluripotency and facilitating successful spermatogenesis, which may inform future strategies for addressing infertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 152391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin, communication and course of the vagus nerve auricular branch with special references to the mastoid canaliculus for the nerve: A study using human fetus histological sections","authors":"José Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez ,&nbsp;Samuel Verdugo-López ,&nbsp;Ji Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Ai Hirano-Kawamoto ,&nbsp;Gen Murakami ,&nbsp;Masahito Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The vagus nerve auricular branch (Xab) is a well-known sensory nerve and it communicates with the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. Xab passes through the so-called mastoid canaliculus of the temporal bone (TB) to reach the facial nerve. We aimed to examine the nerve origin, communication and course of Xab as well as bone components along the nerve.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We observed serial histological sections of 13 embryos (6–8 weeks of gestation) and 31 midterm fetuses (9–17 weeks) as well as semiserial sections of 11 late-term fetuses (25–32 weeks).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The initial Xab originated from both the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and these two roots were joined at six weeks. Soon later, Xab ran laterally along the anteromedial aspect of the internal jugular vein to reach the facial nerve. Communication with the sympathetic trunk appeared by nine weeks. By 12 weeks, variations became evident in the nerve course, communication and terminal. A microganglion sometimes accompanied Xab. The early Xab ran through a relatively large space between the future occipital condyle and Reichert’s cartilage. Depending on a delayed growth of the otic capsule precondylar process, the nerve became to pass through a narrow space between the otic capsule (or Rechert’s cartilage) and occipital. At late-term, Xab passed through a canaliculus between the occipital and TB or within the TB.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Xab had two roots, ran along the anterior wall of the bony jugular fossa and, penetrated the TB or passed between the occipital and TB to reach the facial nerve descending portion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 152389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical and neurochemical organization of the dorsal, lumbar precerebellar and sacral precerebellar nuclei in the human spinal cord","authors":"Ibrahim Demircubuk ,&nbsp;Esra Candar ,&nbsp;Gulgun Sengul","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><div>The dorsal nucleus (Clarke’s nucleus, D), lumbar precerebellar nucleus (LPrCb), and sacral precerebellar nucleus (Stilling’s sacral nucleus, SPrCb) are precerebellar nuclei of the spinal cord. This study investigates the cytoarchitecture and neurochemical organization of the D, LPrCb, and SPrCb nuclei in the human spinal cord.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Using Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry for markers including calbindin (Cb), calretinin (Cr), parvalbumin (Pv), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65/67), and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), we analyzed sections from T1-T12, L1-L5, and S1-Co1 segments of a human spinal cord.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings reveal a diverse range of neuron sizes and morphologies within these nuclei, with multipolar neurons being predominant. The immunohistochemical analysis showed distinct neurochemical characteristics, with varying densities of the markers across the D, LPrCb, and SPrCb.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides the first detailed characterization of these nuclei in the human spinal cord, highlighting their intricate organization and suggesting potential functional similarities. The comprehensive understanding of the neurochemical profiles of these nuclei lays the groundwork for future research into their roles in motor coordination and their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases. Our findings underscore the importance of further investigation into the pathological changes occurring within the precerebellar nuclei to advance treatment and prevention strategies for related neurological disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 152390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microvasculature and trabecular bone in beagle proximal femur: Microstructural insights","authors":"M Adeel Alam Shah ,&nbsp;Wei Tang ,&nbsp;Jing-Hui Zhang,&nbsp;Cheng Chen,&nbsp;Jia-Wei Wang,&nbsp;Shu-Jun Lü,&nbsp;Xin-Tong Yu,&nbsp;Zhi-Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Chan Li,&nbsp;Sheng-Bo Yu,&nbsp;Hong-Jin Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Avascular necrosis of femoral head and malunion are frequent post-operative complications of femoral neck fractures. To optimize surgical techniques, this study aims to provide a microstructural understanding of intraosseous microvasculature and the trabecular bone of the femoral head and neck.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>This anatomical study analyzed twenty-eight femora from fourteen cadaveric beagles. Common iliac arteries were infused with colored silicone-resin for vascular visualization, followed by non-decalcified hard tissue processing using the EXAKT®, and Masson's trichrome staining. Morphology and histomorphometric analysis were performed by Nikon NIS Elements BR and ImageJ-fiji.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Histomorphometry revealed thin, elongated trabeculae with high vascularity aligned parallel in the neck; numerous intraosseous anastomoses at the neck-shaft and head-neck junctions; thick trabeculae with smaller marrow cavities, and dense branching vascular networks near the cortex in the head. Quantitative analysis showed an inverse correlation between trabecular density and mean vascular density/vascular length density, with no significant sex or side differences. Dense connective tissue fibers maintained the microvasculature and trabeculae structure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The femoral neck displayed an outside-in microvascular pattern via retinacular branches. Conversely, the femoral head had an inside-out pattern through epiphyseal branches reinforced by medullary branches. Dense intraosseous microvasculature aligned sub-cortically. The study identified a potential anatomical safe zone for screwing in femoral neck fractures in beagles. These findings provide an anatomical basis for translational research in joint preservation techniques for humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology, glicohistochemistry and immunolocalization of Aquaporin 5 in the mandibular gland of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)","authors":"Bruno Cesar Schimming ,&nbsp;Rafael Oliveira Bordin ,&nbsp;Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara ,&nbsp;Raquel Fantin Domeniconi ,&nbsp;Salvatore Desantis","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The giant anteater (<em>Myrmecophaga tridactyla</em>) is a toothless mammal that feeds mainly on termites and ants. Therefore, like other toothless mammals, this species has morphological and physiological adaptations of the salivary glands related to eating habits. Saliva is essential for the health of the oral cavity, chewing and lubrication of the mouth and it is constituted by an aqueous fluid containing electrolytes, enzymes, and glycoproteins which play an important role in modulating the oral microbiota. The present study investigated the morphology, glycan pattern and the aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression in the giant anteater mandibular gland.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The morphology of the mandibular gland was studied by gross and microscopic anatomy; the glycopattern was characterized using PAS, Alcian blue, and lectin histochemistry; AQP5 was localized immunohistochemically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mandibular gland had big dimensions, irregular shape and showed the classic morphology of the salivary glands. The gland parenchyma consisted of secretory acini, containing acinar cells and demilune cells, and intercalated, striated and interlobular ducts. Secretory acini secrete both neutral and acidic glycans (PAS and AB 2.5 positivity) and expressed a glycopattern characterized by O-linked glycans terminating with Galβl,3GalNAc (PNA affinity) and GalNAc (DBA and SBA positivity) and few N-linked glycans (Con A staining) containing also terminal lactosamine (RCA₁₂₀ reactivity). Demilune cells contained Con A and RCA120 binding sites as well as α2,6-sialoglycans (SNA binders). The epithelium lining of the striated and interlobular ducts displayed α1,6/ α1,4-fucosylated and α2,3sialoglycoproteins (AAL and MAL II affinity) in addition to the aforementioned glycans. The lumen of the secretory acini contained high-mannosylated and lactosamine-terminating glycans, fucosylated and α2,6-sialoglycans. The presence of α2,6-sialoglycans indicates the role of demilune cells in the production and acidification of saliva. Along the ductal system the saliva enriched with O-linked glycans terminating with Galβl,3GalNAc, GalNAc, and α2,3-linked sialic. As for AQP5, it was detected in the acinar and demilune cells but not in the ductal epithelium.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results demonstrate that the saliva secreted by mandibular gland of the giant anteater contains a complex pattern of glycoproteins whose glycosylation also occurs in the ductal system. Lastly, AQP5 of the secretory acini is involved in the production and regulation of saliva viscosity in this toothless and myrmecophagous mammal. Overall, these findings may represent a benchmark for future studies of mandibular glands of other toothless animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological assessments of the oropharyngeal isthmus in professional singing","authors":"Delia Hînganu ,&nbsp;Rares Vasile Tracicaru ,&nbsp;Danisia Haba ,&nbsp;Dorin Savin Ionesi ,&nbsp;Liliana Hristian ,&nbsp;Sebastian Romică Cozma ,&nbsp;Marius Valeriu Hînganu","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>and Aims We conducted this research motivated by the incomplete knowledge of the changes made by resonance and harmonic filtering processes made by articulatory gestures in the supralar-yngeal level of the vocal tract. Aim of research The goal of the study is to evaluate the adaptive changes taking place at the oropharyngeal isthmus during sustained phonation. Methods We focused on exploring the dynamics of the oropharyngeal pavilion in voice professionals using Cone-Beam Computed Tomogra-phy (CBCT). Our study included 14 women with soprano vocals and 12 tenor men in 3 different situations: mimed phonation in a neutral position, sustained phonation on vowel /i/, which brings the larynx in a high position and sustained phonation on the vowel /ä/ which brings the larynx in a low position. Resutlts We observed particular traits of the professional soprano voice, developing as a series of motor patterns that allows the singers to emit high-pitched sound and to maintain them for a long period of time. Our results show that the lateral wall of the isthmic space addapts differently to phonation requirement after adequate and prolonged vocal training. s Vocal training seems to play a determining role in the functional synergy between the pillars of the palatine veil, which can be observed as a motor pattern. Conclusions All the linear and volumetric differences we highlighted show important anatomical and functional diffe-rences among opera singers, which depend both on the gender of the subject and on their respective trai-ning period. The results of our study have direct applicability in practice, addressed to the field of otorhi-nolaryngology, anatomy, physiology, radiology, canto and phoniatry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the styloid process angulation on the carotid arteries","authors":"George Triantafyllou ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis ,&nbsp;Katerina Vassiou ,&nbsp;Marianna Vlychou ,&nbsp;Nektaria Karangeli ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Papanagiotou ,&nbsp;George Tsakotos ,&nbsp;Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the impact of the temporal bone styloid process (SP) angulation on the carotid arteries (CA), both internal and external carotid arteries (ICA and ECA). The SP topographical variability and the clinical significance will be further discussed.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>One hundred computed tomography angiographies (CTAs) (200 sides of 50 male and 50 female patients) were retrospectively studied. The sample’s mean age was 62.72 ± 14.77 (range: 20–89 years). The SP length and angle were measured on CTA sagittal and coronal sections, and the relationship with the ICA and ECA was measured in axial sections. The SP elongation was considered when the SP length &gt; 33 mm in accordance with prior studies in the same population.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with elongated SPs had an average SP sagittal angle of 59.97 ± 7.75 degrees, while those without elongation had an average sagittal angle of 67.12 ± 9.43 degrees (p &lt; 0.001). The correlation between SP length and sagittal angle was statistically significant (R=-0.433, p &lt; 0.001), as well as between SP length and coronal angle (R=-0.361, p &lt; 0.001). Patients with elongated SPs had an average SP coronal angle of 69.20 ± 5.35 degrees, while those without elongation had an average angle of 76.89 ± 4.02 degrees (p = 0.002). After excluding patients with elongated SP, the remaining patients (n = 57) had an average SP sagittal angle of 67.77 ± 9.51 degrees, and a mean SP coronal angle was 75.83 ± 5.19 degrees. The SP sagittal and coronal angles influenced none of the measured ICA and ECA parameters after excluding patients with elongated SPs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current imaging study has enhanced our understanding of the SP's topographical variability in relation to the CA. Our findings indicate that the length of the SP influences this relationship, whereas the angle (coronal and sagittal) of the SP does not—particularly when excluding patients with elongated SPs. Therefore, clinicians must recognize the variability in the position of the ICA and ECA within the neck.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}