Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting the anatomy of the pectoral nerves and nerve loops of the brachial plexus in the goat (Capra hircus)","authors":"Younes Kamali","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The anatomy of the pectoral nerves and the two nerve loops on the course of the axillary artery was revisited to complement current general descriptions as well as to argue whether the nerves contributing to the formation of the pectoral loop are the cranial pectoral nerves. Besides, the positional relationship between the scalene muscles and the nerve roots of the brachial plexus, which contribute to the nerves aimed in this study, was also examined at the same time as the dissection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty brachial plexuses of 10 domestic adult goats (8 females and 2 males) were examined using gross dissection in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In many dissections (95 %), the last bundle of scalenus ventralis muscle was found to pass between the roots of C7 and C8, dividing the brachial plexus into the cranial (ventral) and caudal (dorsal) parts. Two pectoral nerves were noted to contribute to the formation of the first nerve loop around the axillary artery. The first pectoral nerve arose predominantly from the ventral branches of C6 and C7 in company with the n. musculocutaneus, while the second pectoral nerve arose directly from C8 in 70 % of the dissections or as the first branch of the n. thoracicus lateralis (C8, T1) in the remaining 30 %. After the nerve loop, the second pectoral nerve branched off to innervate the superficial surface of the m. pectoralis profundus toward its insertion. The m. subclavius was found to receive its innervation from several sources, including the ventral branches of the brachial plexus. Interestingly, in 4 of the 14 dissections a communication between the n. subclavius and the n. phrenicus heretofore not found in the animal anatomy literature was found. In 16 of the 20 dissections (60 %), the ramus muscularis proximalis of the n. musculocutaneus received the communicating branch(s) from the n. medianus at the site of the second nerve loop, <em>ansa axillaris</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The second pectoral nerve contributing to the pectoral loop would be better described as the caudal pectoral nerve rather than the cranial pectoral nerve. Besides the evolutionary perspectives, understanding the findings of this study would be helpful for teaching veterinary anatomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 152340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Τhe styloid process length and the stylohyoid chain ossification affect its relationship with the carotid arteries","authors":"George Triantafyllou ,&nbsp;George Botis ,&nbsp;Katerina Vassiou ,&nbsp;Marianna Vlychou ,&nbsp;George Tsakotos ,&nbsp;Theodosis Kalamatianos ,&nbsp;George Matsopoulos ,&nbsp;Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The elongated styloid process (SP) is associated with internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection, due to its close relationship with the vessel. However, the relationship with the variable ossified stylohyoid chain (SHC) has been scarcely studied. The current study investigated the relationship between the temporal bone's SP and the external and internal carotid arteries (ECA and ICA). The hypothesis was that the morphological variants of the SP influence this relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty multidetector computed tomography angiographies (120 heminecks) were randomly selected and retrospectively analyzed. SP elongation and the degree of SHC ossification were assessed. The distances (mm) between the SP and the carotid arteries (CAs) were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Elongated SPs were present in 21 patients (35 %), while 18 patients (30 %) exhibited variable degrees of SHC ossification. The mean distance from the SP tip and ECA was 5.45 ± 3.01 mm from the ECA and 6.16 ± 3.11 mm to the ICA. The minimum distance between SP and ECA was 3.96 ± 2.74 mm, and between SP and ICA was 4.72 ± 2.73 mm. A statistically significant reduction in SP-ICA distance was observed in cases with elongated SP and SHC ossification, while the SP-ECA distance was statistically significantly shorter in cases of SP elongation. Additionally, three novel topographical patterns between the SP and surrounding vascular structures were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SP elongation and variable SHC ossification may impact the spatial relationship between the SP and the ICA/ECA. The proximity of the SP to the carotid arteries, particularly the ICA, holds clinical significance, as a reduced distance may predispose patients to carotid artery dissection, increasing the risk of stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 152342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B-learning in human anatomy: Comparative analysis of academic achievement between face-to-face and e-learning modalities","authors":"Josep Nebot-Cegarra ,&nbsp;Carlos Nebot-Bergua ,&nbsp;Jordi Gascón-Bayarri ,&nbsp;Enric Macarulla-Sanz ,&nbsp;Sílvia Ricart","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In recent years, modern technologies have become established in most educational fields. Thus, e-learning tends to be an integral part of the learner-centered learning process, with the teacher acting as a facilitator. However, the methodologies used to study the impact of e-learning have been varied and imprecise, making comparison and meta-analysis difficult. This study attempts to overcome these obstacles with a large and homogeneous sample to compare (1) the academic outcomes obtained with face-to-face and e-learning in a blended module of human anatomy and (2) the response attempts (response index) of each student in answering questions specific to each learning modality.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The results of the multiple-choice exams under study were collected. All students (n=1160) were from four consecutive academic years following the same teaching program with a b-learning method: 13 topics were presented face to face by the same lecturers, and six via e-learning with the same online resources. Two variables were compared: (1) the academic grade, based on the score for correct answers and the penalty for incorrect ones, and (2) the response index, based on the number of correct and incorrect answers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>(1) 73.45 % of the examinees passed the test. In the sample as a whole, results were better in face-to-face than in e-learning. In the quartiles ordered by overall academic performance, this superiority was limited to the top half of the higher-performing students. In contrast, lower-scoring students performed better in e-learning. However, these differences were modest (≤ 0.54 points). (2) In proportion, the questions on topics learned face-to-face were the most frequently answered. A strong correlation was observed between the variables in the whole sample and the students with the highest academic scores (first quartile) on the global exam and the questions on topics learned in each modality. In the remaining quartiles, the correlation was also strong in the e-learning content.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>(1) Both modalities included in b-learning are academically effective. (2) Proportionally, students take more risks when answering content questions learned in face-to-face classes, and there is a strong correlation between response attempts and academic grades, especially, on the brightest exams and e-learning content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 152339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling proteomic targets in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized and estradiol-treated rats: Insights into menopausal syndrome mechanisms","authors":"Yanrong Sun ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yao Li ,&nbsp;Hanfei Wang ,&nbsp;Lining Liang ,&nbsp;Xiangqiu Wang ,&nbsp;Ke Wang ,&nbsp;Wenpei Bai ,&nbsp;Liju Luan ,&nbsp;Lihua Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Menopausal syndrome profoundly affects the physical and mental health of many women, drawing increasing attention from the medical community. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. These symptoms are primarily driven by hormonal fluctuation. The hypothalamus, a key regulator of hormonal balance, potentially playing a critical role in the manifestation of menopausal syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We simulated the low-estrogen menopausal state using ovariectomized rats, confirmed the success of ovariectomy via histological analysis of the uterus and vagina, followed by estrogen treatment. TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics, RT<img>qPCR, targeted proteomics and Western blotting were used to identify differentially expressed proteins and their functions in the hypothalamus under low-estrogen conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One-way ANOVA (p &lt; 0.05) identified 295 differentially expressed proteins across the sham, ovariectomized and estrogen-treated groups. Post-ovariectomy, 103 differentially expressed proteins were upregulated and 93 were downregulated. Among these, 50 proteins were involved in hormones and neurotransmitters, immunity, metabolism and cardiovascular function. Notably, four proteins—Prkcg, Hsp90ab1, Ywhae, and Gad2—were identified as crucial regulators.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study elucidates the central molecular mechanism of menopausal syndrome through bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the hypothalamus under low-estrogen conditions, providing novel targets for the treatment of related symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 152341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereological study of cerebellar morphology in feline fetuses: Insights from the final gestational stage","authors":"Vinícius Pedro Silva de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara ,&nbsp;Gabriela Salim de Castro ,&nbsp;Lara Carolina Mario ,&nbsp;Bruno Cesar Schimming ,&nbsp;José Roberto Kfoury Júnior ,&nbsp;Silvio Pires Gomes","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to conduct a morphoquantitative and stereological evaluation, analyzing the cerebellum of domestic cat fetuses in the latter third of the gestational period. Fetal samples were obtained from a neutering campaign conducted in the municipality of Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil. The procedures and protocols used in this work adhere to the guidelines established by the ethics committee of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at the University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), under the number CEUA 1935251121. The five selected fetuses were fixed in 4 % formaldehyde, and their gestational age was determined by Crown Rump (CR) measurements, followed by an assessment of external characteristics. The cerebella were subjected to the evaluation of morphometric parameters and histological processing using stereology techniques. The obtained means for the cerebellar parameters were as follows: length: 1.0-centimeter, width: 0.54 centimeters, thickness: 0.44 centimeters, and weight: 0.84 g. Using stereology, the following parameters were determined: cerebellar volume, averaging 0.847 cm³; volume density of the cortex: 0.496 or 49 % (molecular layer), 0.0314 or 3.14 % (Purkinje cell layer), 0.232 or 23 % (granular layer), and 0.234 or 23 % (medullary white center). Consequently, the average total volume of the cerebellar cortex is 0.419 cm³ for the molecular layer, 0.026 cm³ for the Purkinje cell layer, 0.196 cm³ for the granular layer, and 0.196 cm³ for the medullary white center. The findings presented here have contributed to an in-depth discussion of the neuro-motor development and cerebellum of domestic cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 152338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224001304/pdfft?md5=dd2536bab68964b7041882857bc19b92&pid=1-s2.0-S0940960224001304-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142303186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The content of the transverse foramen of the seventh cervical vertebra","authors":"Thomas Kagel,&nbsp;Martin Scaal,&nbsp;Margarethe Draga","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In human anatomy, the vertebral artery, in its passage from the subclavian artery to the foramen magnum of the skull, enters the transverse foramina of the vertebral column generally at the level of the 6th cervical vertebra. Nevertheless, even though avoided by the vertebral artery, also the 7th cervical vertebra (C7) contains a transverse foramen. The content of this transverse foramen in C7 has been unclear, with different descriptions found in textbooks and in original literature. Here, we have revisited the content of the transverse foramen in C7 by macroscopic dissection of 32 human specimens. We found that the 7th transverse foramen never contained the vertebral artery. Instead, it enclosed in 35 % of the cases both vertebral vein and vertebral nerve, in 20 % of the cases only the vertebral nerve, in 11 % of the cases only the vertebral vein, and in 34 % of the cases it contained no macroscopically visible neurovascular structure at all but only adipose connective tissue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 152337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224001298/pdfft?md5=15e51ccef6b966f75f0689d7e15597ff&pid=1-s2.0-S0940960224001298-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric changes in free gingival graft and gingival unit graft treatments evaluated using an indirect digital method","authors":"Eda Çeti̇n Özdemi̇r ,&nbsp;Esra Bozkurt ,&nbsp;Taha Yaşar Manav","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical one-dimensional changes such as root surface coverage, decrease seen in the amount of gingival recession and keratinised gingival width (KGW) obtained throughout a 6-month follow-up period following the treatment of Cairo class II gingival recession with free gingival graft (FGG) and gingival unit graft (GUG). Three-dimensional changes in gingival volume and thickness were also compared digitally using an indirect method.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 20 patients with localised Cairo class II gingival recession were randomly separated into two groups; 10 patients were treated with FGG and 10 patients treated with GUG. Preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively, the initial position of the gingiva and KGW were recorded for all the patients and plaster models were formed from the obtained impressions with the traditional method. The plaster models were transferred to a digital environment by scanning with a model scanner. Using a software program, changes in gingival papillary height and gingival volume and thickness were compared between the groups and according to the baseline values from The Standard Tessellation Language (STL) files obtained.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to the baseline values, a significant increase was determined in the KGW, and a significant decrease in pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and gingiva recession depth in all the groups (p&lt;0.05). No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of the changes in mean gingiva thickness, gingiva volume, and mean vertical papillary height (p&gt;0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study results showed that GUG treatment for Cairo class II localised gingival recession is an effective method in respect of increasing gingiva volume and thickness, increasing KGW, coverage of the root surface, and forming tissue contours that allow the patient to easily maintain oral hygiene. However, there was not seen to be any adventage of GUG and FGG over each other.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 152329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224001213/pdfft?md5=b11ded40efbdb7ac7b297002468dbd95&pid=1-s2.0-S0940960224001213-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The posterior-inferior recess of the sinus tympani, an anatomical novelty","authors":"Mugurel Constantin Rusu ,&nbsp;Marius Ioan Rusu ,&nbsp;Alexandra Diana Vrapciu","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The anatomy of the retrotympanum is highly variable, and surgical access is challenging. In the medial retrotympanum, a descending series of recesses are found: the posterior tympanic sinus, the sinus tympani (ST), and the subtympanic sinus (STS). Most of the previous anatomical studies of the ST evaluated it as a single depression of variable width and depth, without recesses, just on axial sections.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The ST was evaluated bilaterally in all the anatomical planes on a lot of 100 cases. Two sagittal anatomical types of the ST were defined and counted: type 0 (saccular ST), with absent postero-inferior recess (PIR) of the ST, and type 1, ST with PIR (bowl-shaped ST).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In 200 sides, 144 type 0 ST (72 %) and 56 types 1 (PIRs) of the ST were found (28 %). On the right/left sides the type 0 ST was found in 74 %/70 % and the type 1, with PIR, in 26 %/30 %. There were no significant correlations between sex and the ST types on both sides. In the general lot, bilaterally symmetrical types 0 were found in 68 %, bilaterally symmetrical types 1 in 24 %, and the bilaterally asymmetrical combination 0+1 in just 8 %.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The PIR of the ST is not a scarce anatomical variation in the retrotympanum. It is hidden deep to the ST and difficult to access through the middle ear. It also could retain residual cholesteatoma. A retrofacial approach could access the PIR of the ST if no other anatomical limitations occur.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 152336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224001286/pdfft?md5=33f71a9473f1d1b0dc594785a8f913ae&pid=1-s2.0-S0940960224001286-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illustrated cross-sectional computed tomography of the cetacean abdomino-pelvic organs","authors":"Brian Chin Wing Kot ,&nbsp;Jessie Wei Yeng Yeong ,&nbsp;Aurora Shuk Yee Kwan ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Yick Hey Ho ,&nbsp;Heysen Hei Nam Ho ,&nbsp;Henry Chun Lok Tsui ,&nbsp;Tabris Yik To Chung ,&nbsp;Tommaso Gerussi","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging modality which can be used to study the anatomy and morphology of live or deceased animals <em>in-situ</em>. In cetaceans, existing CT anatomy studies mostly focused on the head and thoracic regions. Using postmortem CT (PMCT) scans of Indo-Pacific finless porpoises (<em>Neophocaena phocaenoides</em>), this study describes the cross-sectional imaging anatomy of the cetacean abdomino-pelvic organs for the first time.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PMCT scans of finless porpoises stranded in Hong Kong waters were reviewed, of which two freshly dead cases, one male and one female, were selected for illustration. In addition, a contrast-enhanced PMCT scan was performed on the female subject as a trial for a PMCT-angiography study (PMCTA) in cetaceans. A total of 18 axial PMCT images were acquired at selected vertebral levels in the abdomen and supplemented with a series of corresponding labeled anatomical diagrams.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>By applying different image rendering techniques, most osseous and soft tissue structures in the finless porpoise abdomen were successfully depicted and annotated on PMCT, including the male and female reproductive organs in the pelvic region. The application of contrast medium in PMCT created artificial radiodensity differences which improved the ability to visualize and differentiate soft organs and vasculature. The merits and limitations of CT compared to other imaging modalities, as well as the future directions of PMCT in stranding investigation, were discussed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings from this study significantly enhance the applications of CT in cetaceans by assisting researchers and veterinarians in the interpretation of cetacean abdomino-pelvic CT for morphological and pathological assessment during clinical or postmortem examination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 152317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibroblast growth factor 8 promotes in vitro neurite outgrowth of placode-derived petrosal and nodose ganglia to varying degrees","authors":"Peng Zhou ,&nbsp;Longfei Cheng ,&nbsp;Hengxun Tao ,&nbsp;Maik Hintze ,&nbsp;Yajun Wang ,&nbsp;Qin Pu ,&nbsp;Xufeng Qi ,&nbsp;Dongqing Cai ,&nbsp;Stefanie Kuerten ,&nbsp;Jianlin Wang ,&nbsp;Ruijin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are required for the specification and formation of the epibranchial placodes, which give rise to the distal part of the cranial sensory ganglia. However, it remains unclear whether FGFs play a role in regulating the neurite outgrowth of the epibranchial placode-derived ganglia during further development. Previous studies have shown that Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) promotes neurite outgrowth from the statoacoustic ganglion <em>in vitro</em>. However, these studies did not distinguish between the neural crest- and placode-derived components of the sensory ganglia. In this study, we focused on the petrosal and nodose ganglia as representatives of the epibranchial ganglia and investigated their axonal outgrowth under the influence of FGF8 signaling protein <em>in vitro</em>. To precisely isolate the placode-derived ganglion part, we labeled the placode and its derivatives with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) through electroporation. The isolated ganglia were then collected for qRT-PCR assay and cultured in a collagen gel with and without FGF8 protein. Our findings revealed that both placode-derived petrosal and nodose ganglia expressed <em>FGFR1</em> and <em>FGFR2</em>. In culture, FGF8 exerted a neural trophic effect on the axon outgrowth of both ganglia. While the expression levels of <em>FGFR1/2</em> were similar between the two ganglia, the petrosal ganglion exhibited greater sensitivity to FGF8 compared to the nodose ganglion. This indicates that the placode-derived ganglia have differential responsiveness to FGF8 signaling during axonal extension. Thus, FGF8 is not only required for the early development of the epibranchial placode, as shown in previous studies, but also promotes neurite outgrowth of placode-derived ganglia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 152323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0940960224001158/pdfft?md5=a864fe8ced5c6f8bbf66d8a6937e95c7&pid=1-s2.0-S0940960224001158-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}