Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger最新文献

{"title":"The impact of the styloid process angulation on the carotid arteries","authors":"George Triantafyllou ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Papadopoulos-Manolarakis ,&nbsp;Katerina Vassiou ,&nbsp;Marianna Vlychou ,&nbsp;Nektaria Karangeli ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Papanagiotou ,&nbsp;George Tsakotos ,&nbsp;Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the impact of the temporal bone styloid process (SP) angulation on the carotid arteries (CA), both internal and external carotid arteries (ICA and ECA). The SP topographical variability and the clinical significance will be further discussed.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>One hundred computed tomography angiographies (CTAs) (200 sides of 50 male and 50 female patients) were retrospectively studied. The sample’s mean age was 62.72 ± 14.77 (range: 20–89 years). The SP length and angle were measured on CTA sagittal and coronal sections, and the relationship with the ICA and ECA was measured in axial sections. The SP elongation was considered when the SP length &gt; 33 mm in accordance with prior studies in the same population.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with elongated SPs had an average SP sagittal angle of 59.97 ± 7.75 degrees, while those without elongation had an average sagittal angle of 67.12 ± 9.43 degrees (p &lt; 0.001). The correlation between SP length and sagittal angle was statistically significant (R=-0.433, p &lt; 0.001), as well as between SP length and coronal angle (R=-0.361, p &lt; 0.001). Patients with elongated SPs had an average SP coronal angle of 69.20 ± 5.35 degrees, while those without elongation had an average angle of 76.89 ± 4.02 degrees (p = 0.002). After excluding patients with elongated SP, the remaining patients (n = 57) had an average SP sagittal angle of 67.77 ± 9.51 degrees, and a mean SP coronal angle was 75.83 ± 5.19 degrees. The SP sagittal and coronal angles influenced none of the measured ICA and ECA parameters after excluding patients with elongated SPs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current imaging study has enhanced our understanding of the SP's topographical variability in relation to the CA. Our findings indicate that the length of the SP influences this relationship, whereas the angle (coronal and sagittal) of the SP does not—particularly when excluding patients with elongated SPs. Therefore, clinicians must recognize the variability in the position of the ICA and ECA within the neck.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and growth of cavernosal sinusoidal endothelia in the external genitalia of human fetuses","authors":"Ji Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Chun-Ai Li ,&nbsp;Zhe-Wu Jin ,&nbsp;Gen Murakami ,&nbsp;Akio Matsubara ,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Hinata","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is little information about when and how cavernosal sinusoidal endothelia develop in the external genitalia of fetuses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined histological sections of erectile tissue in 37 human fetuses (25 males and 12 females) whose gestational age (GA) ranged from 8 to 40 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sinusoidal lumen was filled with blood in the glans of the penis and clitoris at a GA of 10–11 weeks, and in the corpus spongiosum at a GA of 15–16 weeks. The opening of the sinusoids with blood was much delayed in the corpus cavernosum of both sexes. The cross-reactivity of the endothelia with smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibody in the corpus spongiosum penis suggested that the development and growth of endothelia started at a site near the urethra and advanced to more distant site. In the corpus cavernosum, the opening of the lumen tended to occur near the midline septum at a GA of 20 weeks or later. After a GA of 25 weeks, the sinusoidal lumen fused, leading to long or large sinusoids. Simultaneously, the capsule became thick and the smooth muscle-rich midline septum had abundant protrusions that expanded anteriorly. Smooth muscles were rarely evident in interstitial tissues, even at late-term. In contrast, the initial female vestibular bulb corresponded to a belt-like cluster of SMA-positive rosette-like structures that appeared at a GA of 14 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Fusion between sinusoidal lumens with reconstruction of endothelia may occur as a consequence of shearing stress due to blood flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alveolar ridge preservation with autogenous tooth graft: A histomorphometric analysis of 36 consecutive procedures","authors":"Tomás Beca-Campoy ,&nbsp;Luis Sánchez-Labrador ,&nbsp;Leticia Alejandra Blanco-Antona ,&nbsp;Jorge Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann ,&nbsp;José María Martínez-González","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The aim of this study was to analyze the histomorphometric findings of autogenous tooth grafting (ATG) for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), using graft material from extracted teeth. Variations by sex, age and location of extracted teeth, as well as any associated complications, were also assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>This prospective, single-cohort study was conducted using ATG placed in extraction sockets. After 5 months healing, bone biopsies were collected during implant placement and analyzed histomorphometrically to assess new vital bone, residual biomaterial, and connective tissue. The results underwent statistical analysis; non-parametric tests (Mann Whitney test for independent samples and the Kruskal-Wallis test) were applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>27 patients (16 females, 11 males) underwent 36 ARP procedures. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a mean percentage of new vital bone of 29.14 % ( ± 10.86), residual tooth graft of 10.84 % ( ± 6.82), and intertrabecular connective tissue of 59.87 % ( ± 10.56). No significant differences were found in relation to age, sex or location.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ATG appears to be a promising material for ARP, without significant complications. Further comparative studies are needed to better understand this material’s behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative in situ characterization of erythroid cells found throughout the developing tongue tissue, circulation, and liver of fetal mice","authors":"Kazuto Shimada,&nbsp;Kingo Suzuki,&nbsp;Masataka Sunohara","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152370","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Erythroid cells contribute to embryonic organ development and adult tissue repair supplying oxygen to tissues. During mouse development, the primitive erythroid cells produced in the extraembryonic blood islands of the yolk sac begin to circulate as immature and nucleated erythroblasts with the onset of cardiac contractions around embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5). On the other hand, the definitive erythroid progenitors derived from the yolk sac and arterial vessels colonize the fetal liver, where they mature into small, enucleated definitive erythrocytes that are released into circulation at E11.5. In many cases, however, erythroblasts are also generated &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; during the development of tissue vasculature. We hypothesized that the properties of erythroid cells generated by peripheral tissue hematopoiesis may differ from those of contemporaneously circulating erythroid cells because hematopoiesis is spatiotemporally distinct from typical primitive and definitive hematopoiesis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Comparative &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; protein expression analyses of erythroid cells in developing tongue, circulation, and liver of fetal mice were performed at E12.5 and E14.5, using immunofluorescence staining of several marker proteins for erythroid and endothelial cells.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;At E12.5, irregularly elongated immature vascular endothelial cells, many of which were in contact with nucleated erythroblasts, were distributed in the developing tongue. In the three fetal locations examined (tongue, circulation, and liver), most erythroid cells at E12.5 expressed CD31, which is involved in cell–cell interactions; however, the expression was downregulated by E14.5. Interestingly, at E12.5, several erythroblasts strongly expressing CD31 were found in the tongue, but less abundant in the circulation and fetal liver. Nearly all erythroblasts in E12.5 fetuses expressed primitive erythroid cell-specific βH1-globin; however, those strongly expressing the embryonic globin were scattered, particularly in the tongue, fewer in the circulation and fetal liver. On the contrary, erythroid cells expressing adult β1-globin were scarcely found in the tongue, which is in stark contrast to those in the circulation and fetal liver, where nearly all erythroid cells weakly expressed β1-globin at the embryonic stage. At E14.5, the number of βH1-globin-expressing cells drastically decreased; however, it was still significantly higher in the tongue than in the circulation and fetal liver. In all three locations, β1-globin accumulation and the enucleation of erythroid cells progressed uniformly and rapidly from E12.5 to E14.5.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The results indicate that primitive erythroblasts in the tongue highly express CD31, mature more slowly, and are replaced by definitive erythroid cells more slowly than those in the circulation and fetal liver. Primitive erythroblasts produced together ","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of masticatory activity and rehabilitation on astrocyte morphology across the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus: Insights from the outer, medial, and inner sublayers and their relationship with spatial learning and memory","authors":"Ivaniro Rodrigues da Costa Neto ,&nbsp;Fabio Leite do Amaral Junior ,&nbsp;Bernardo Freire da Silva Arruda ,&nbsp;Micaele Maria Lopes Castro ,&nbsp;Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves de Siqueira Mendes ,&nbsp;Daniel Clive Anthony ,&nbsp;Dora Maria Tuna de Oliveira Brites ,&nbsp;Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz ,&nbsp;Marcia Consentino Kronka Sosthenes","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dentate gyrus plays a crucial role in learning and spatial memory, particularly in its middle third molecular layer, which receives the primary afferent input via the medial perforant path. Interestingly, changes in masticatory activity are described to affect this region with visible astrogliosis, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, affecting synaptic physiology, and cognition. This study aimed to investigate the impact of altered masticatory activity on spatial memory in young Swiss albino mice, correlating these effects with morphological changes in astrocytes. The mice were divided into three groups: Hard diet with pellets (HD), hard diet/soft diet (HD/SD, reduced masticatory activity), and HD/SD/HD (rehabilitated). The Morris water maze test was used to measure escape latency, while three-dimensional microscopic reconstruction methods provided morphometric data on the astrocytes. Hierarchical clustering analysis validated the existence of four morphological subtypes with decreasing complexity (AST1, AST2, AST3, and AST4), in the outer, middle, and inner thirds of the dentate gyrus molecular layer. Changes in masticatory activity affected the number and distribution of astrocytes subtypes excepting AST3 in the middle third layer. Canonical discriminant function analysis indicated that complexity was the variable most influencing cluster formation. Correlation tests between complexity and escape latency for each animal group showed a significant correlation with a large effect size of 60 % [Pearson’s R: 0.605, p &lt; 0.001] in the HD group in the middle third, which was disrupted by altered masticatory activity. AST3 morphotype in the middle third showed a linear correlation with learning and spatial memory functions in the HD group [Pearson’s R: 0.624, p &lt; 0.001] that disappeared with a reduction in masticatory activity, and nor restored by diet rehabilitation. This finding was not observed for inner and outer layers, supporting the contribution of middle third AST3 to learning and spatial memory. Group comparison tests also revealed that diet differentially impacts astrocyte subpopulations on each third of the dentate gyrus molecular layer. Data validate the influence of the masticatory activity on astrocyte complexity and suggest the existence of AST3 association with spatial memory and learning tasks in young female mice. Further research on the underlying mechanisms of these relationships is essential to identify potential therapeutic targets for cognitive disorders and to develop effective interventions to preserve cognitive function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally invasive denervation of the wrist: A cadaveric feasibility study for a single injection that targets both anterior and posterior interosseous nerves under ultrasound-guidance","authors":"Geoffroy P.J.C. Noel ,&nbsp;Tomas St-Onge ,&nbsp;Louis-Martin Boucher ,&nbsp;Jennifer Mutch","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Wrist osteoarthritis poses significant challenges in pain management and functional impairment. Current surgical interventions often sacrifice wrist motion and entail long recovery times. Minimally invasive denervation offers a promising alternative by targeting sensory nerves. This study investigates the efficacy of ultrasound-guided chemical ablation with phenol-glycerin for wrist denervation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Under ultrasound guidance, 1–3 mL of 1 % methylene blue:8 % phenol:8 % glycerin solution was injected on both side of the interosseous membrane of six unembalmed cadaveric wrists. The entry point of the 22-gauge needle was along the lateral border of the ulna, just proximal to the most proximal aspect of the ulnar head. Dissections of the anterior and posterior compartment of the forearm were performed to visualize the length of both posterior interosseous (PIN) and anterior interosseous (AIN) nerves that were stained.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed a successful dispersion of methylene blue staining along the PIN (2.1 ± 0.82 cm), deep to the fourth extensor compartment of the wrist posteriorly, and along the AIN (2.5 ± 1.10 cm), between the interosseous membrane and pronator quadratus muscle anteriorly. Importantly, this diffusion spared the main motor branches of both nerves. CONCLUSIONS. Minimally invasive denervation of the wrist using ultrasound-guided chemical ablation with phenol-glycerin shows promise in targeting the sensory branches of both interosseous nerves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological digital assessment and transcripts of gastric and duodenal visfatin in growing piglets fed with increasing amounts of polyphenols from olive mill waste extract","authors":"Daniele Marini ,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Cappai ,&nbsp;Elisa Palmioli ,&nbsp;Gianni Battacone ,&nbsp;Margherita Maranesi ,&nbsp;Kamil Dobrzyń ,&nbsp;Francesca Mercati ,&nbsp;Cecilia Dall’Aglio","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visfatin is an adipokine with mediatory effects on inflammation. It is expressed at low levels in the pig stomach, but its role in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is not well understood. This study explored visfatin expression and localisation in the stomach and duodenum of piglets fed varying levels of polyphenols derived from olive mill waste extract, known for their antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Twenty-seven piglets were assigned to three dietary groups: control (commercial feed), low polyphenol (120 ppm), and high polyphenol (240 ppm) groups. After 14 days of feeding, samples from the glandular stomach and duodenum were collected from 13 piglets. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), digital image analysis (DIA) using QuPath software, and double-labelled immunofluorescence were performed to detect visfatin-positive cells and co-localise them with serotonin. Additionally, relative gene expression of <em>visfatin</em> was assessed via RT-qPCR. Visfatin-positive cells were identified in 5 out of 13 piglets, localised mainly in the basal portion of gastric and intestinal glands. The morphology of those cells was consistent with neuroendocrine cells and confirmed by co-localisation of visfatin and serotonin. No significant differences were found in cell positivity or morphology between dietary groups or between tissues. However, <em>visfatin</em> transcript levels increased with the dose of polyphenolic extract. These findings suggest that dietary polyphenols may modulate <em>visfatin</em> gene expression in the GI tract. The study also highlights the value of digital anatomy for enhancing the accuracy and reproducibility of anatomical research. Further studies are needed to elucidate the functional role of visfatin transcript and protein in the porcine GI tract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric morphometric analysis of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) skulls using radiometric techniques at three and six months of development","authors":"Ozan Gündemir ,&nbsp;İsa Özaydin ,&nbsp;Ekin Emre Erkiliç ,&nbsp;Olcay Öztürkler ,&nbsp;Burak Büyükbaki ,&nbsp;Alican Yilmaz ,&nbsp;Vedat Onar ,&nbsp;Uğur Aydin ,&nbsp;Özgür Aksoy","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Morphological growth naturally progresses with age; however, the rate of growth varies across different parts of an organism, with certain structures developing more rapidly than others. This study aimed to analyze and compare the skull development of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during two specific developmental stages: the 3rd and 6th months, which represent distinct growth phases in their early ontogeny.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we aimed to analyze and compare skull development in red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) during two specific post-natal time points: the 3rd and 6th months. Shape analysis was performed using radiographic images of nine red foxes at both the third and sixth months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Shape differences were observed in the skulls of red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) at these two ages. Our findings confirmed the hypothesis that skull shape changes over time, reflecting distinct morphological adaptations associated with age-related growth. In the measurements at the 3rd month, the neurocranial region exhibited a more distinct and developed structure compared to the facial bones. Toward the 6th month, the skull displayed a thinner and more elongated structure with the further development of the facial bones.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This difference indicates a period of rapid growth and development in the neurocranial area, suggesting that red foxes experience significant neurological and sensory development early in life. Future studies on skull shape variation across different developmental stages in red foxes can expand on these findings. Age-related morphological studies, such as this one, provide essential baseline data on the natural growth and development of wild species like red foxes. This knowledge is essential for identifying deviations from normal development, which could result from environmental stressors, habitat changes, or malnutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of immunohistochemical TRPC3 and TRPC6 expression patterns in human endometriosis","authors":"Jonathan Michel Keller ,&nbsp;Gilbert Georg Klamminger ,&nbsp;Thomas Tschernig ,&nbsp;Barbara Linxweiler ,&nbsp;Leida Korac ,&nbsp;Mathias Wagner ,&nbsp;Erich Franz Solomayer ,&nbsp;Mariz Kasoha","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although to date the pathogenesis of endometriosis remains largely unexplained, it is known that processes of migration, proliferation and revascularization and thus calcium as a messenger substance play an important role. Consecutively, the present study examines the immunohistochemical expression of the calcium transient receptor potential channels 3 and 6 (TRPC3 and TRPC6) in ectopically located (outside the uterine cavity) endometrial tissue.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Laparoscopically collected and histomorphologically verified endometriosis tissues from several different intraabdominal locations were examined (n = 20) and immunohistochemical stainings were performed with anti-TRPC3 and anti-TRPC6 antibodies (Alomone Labs, Jerusalem). Hereby, eutopic endometrium served as a healthy control cohort (n = 6). Staining patterns were evaluated using a modified immunoreactive score (IRS) and exploratory statistical analysis was performed, aiming to determine relations of staining intensities with associated clinical parameters such as rASRM stage and location.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We determined a strong cytoplasmatic TRPC3 and TRPC6 expression in all ectopic endometrial glandular formations, albeit with focally varying staining intensities. Within our cohort, we did not verify a statistically significant difference of TRPC3 and TRPC6 expression between endometriosis patients and a healthy control group or between different clinical affections (rASRM stages).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study confirms - to our knowledge for the first time - the successful immunohistochemical assessment of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in endometriosis, setting the basis for future studies aiming at evaluating not only clinical aspects of TRPC3 and TRPC6 expression but also shedding light on its function in the pathophysiological context of endometriosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coracobrachialis muscle variants in human fetuses","authors":"George Triantafyllou ,&nbsp;Nicol Zielinska ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Koptas ,&nbsp;Łukasz Olewnik ,&nbsp;Maria Piagkou","doi":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The current cadaveric study on human fetuses demonstrates the coracobrachialis muscle variability. It further analyzes the embryological and phylogenetic background as well as the coracobrachialis muscle variability in adults.</div></div><div><h3>Materials</h3><div>Classical (gross anatomy) dissection was performed on 140 (34 male and 36 female) upper limbs of human fetuses, 10 % formalin-fixed. The donated fetuses were obtained after spontaneous abortion and informed consent of both parents. The dissection was performed at the Anatomical Dissection and Donation Department of the Medical University of Lodz. Upon dissection, the following features were assessed: 1. the coracobrachialis muscle’s anatomy, 2. the musculocutaneous nerve origin and course in relation to the coracobrachialis muscle, 3. the coexisting neural and muscular variants (co-variants), and 4. The morphometric details of the coracobrachialis heads and the nerve's length.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four muscle variants (based on the number of heads) were identified in 140 specimens. A two-headed muscle (typical anatomy) was identified in 60.7 %, with origins from the coracoid process, and the biceps brachii short head or the coracoid process exclusively. A one-headed muscle with origin from the coracoid process was identified in 18.6 %. Three- and four-headed muscles were identified in 10 % and 10.7 %, having origins from the coracoid process, and the biceps brachii short head. In all cases, the coracobrachialis was inserted into the distal humeral third. In cases of a muscle with two or more heads, the musculocutaneous nerve had a course between superficial and deep heads, while in cases of a single muscle head, the nerve followed a medial course to the muscle. Thirteen cases of musculocutaneous absence were identified (9.29 %), in which the median nerve supplied the coracobrachialis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Four variants of the coracobrachialis muscle were identified according to the number of heads, compared to the three variants recorded in the human adult study. Coracobrachialis muscle and musculocutaneous nerve anatomy (typical and variant) are of clinical importance.</div></div><div><h3>Level of evidence</h3><div>II Basic Science Research</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50974,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 152372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}