Suyash Oka, Ratul Mitra Thakur, Chen Wang, Vishaal Vidyaprakash, Coby Scrudder, D. Lagoudas, James Boyd, Micah J. Green, J. Lutkenhaus
{"title":"Fast-Charging Carbon Fiber Structural Battery Electrodes Using an Organic Polymer Active Material","authors":"Suyash Oka, Ratul Mitra Thakur, Chen Wang, Vishaal Vidyaprakash, Coby Scrudder, D. Lagoudas, James Boyd, Micah J. Green, J. Lutkenhaus","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad570a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad570a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Structural batteries require electrodes with integrated energy storage and load-bearing properties. Adoption of structural batteries can lead to mass and volume savings in electrified transportation and aerospace applications by storing energy within the object’s structural elements. However, to date, active materials investigated in structural batteries exhibit poor rate capabilities at higher C-rates and even worse performance at lower temperatures due to diffusion limitations. Organic radical polymers are promising alternatives because they possess fast-charging properties and good cycling stability. In this work, we integrate an organic radical polymer with carbon fiber (CF) fabric, in which the polymer acts as the active cathode material and the CF fabric possesses excellent tensile strength, modulus and electronic conductivity. At 20°C, the structural cathodes exhibited a reversible capacity of 67 mAh g-1 at 1C-rate and an 88% capacity retention at 25C-rate. Further, these structural electrodes retained more than 50% of their performance at -10°C (versus 20°C). These electrodes were further examined in a full cell containing a graphite-based anode, demonstrating a pathway for utilizing redox-active polymer-based active materials in structural and fast-charging organic batteries.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"45 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vamsi Krishna Garapati, N. N. Dingari, Mahesh Mynam, Beena Rai
{"title":"Computational Method for Optimal Electrolyte Screening Using Bayesian Optimization and Physics Based Battery Model","authors":"Vamsi Krishna Garapati, N. N. Dingari, Mahesh Mynam, Beena Rai","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad570b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad570b","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) powering electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage depend significantly on the composition of liquid electrolyte for optimal performance. We propose a framework coupling Bayesian optimization and physics based battery models to identify electrolytes optimal for specific set of requirements such as less capacity fade and internal heating etc. Our approach is validated through multiple case studies, demonstrating the framework’s efficacy in optimizing electrolyte properties. Additionally, we introduce a deviation index to quantify the proximity of the optimal electrolyte to those in a predefined database. With adaptability to various LIB metrics and battery chemistries, it provides a systematic and efficient approach for screening electrolytes based on system-level performance using physics-based models, contributing to advancements in battery technology for sustainable energy storage systems.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinhua Zhu, Marta Cazorla Soult, Benny Wouters, M. H. Mamme
{"title":"Study of Solid-State Diffusion Impedance in Li-Ion Batteries Using Parallel-Diffusion Warburg Model","authors":"Xinhua Zhu, Marta Cazorla Soult, Benny Wouters, M. H. Mamme","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad5707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5707","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Anomalous diffusion impedance due to the solid-state Li+ diffusion in Li-ion batteries is often troublesome for the analysis. In this work, we propose a novel analytical Parallel-diffusion Warburg (PDW) model and couple it with the conventional equivalent electrical circuit model (EECM) analysis to tackle this long-standing challenge. The analytical expression of the PDW is derived from the classical Fickian diffusion framework, introducing non-unified diffusion coefficients that originate from the diverse crystalline conditions of Li+ diffusion paths, as theoretically demonstrated in the atomistic modeling results. The proposed approach (EECM + PDW) is successfully employed to study the diffusion impedance of thin-film LiNi0.5Mn1.5O2 (LNMO) electrodes and porous LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) electrodes, demonstrating the applicability and robustness of this method.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"40 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Bassil, Coumba Fall, Karim Boutamine, Frédéric Favier, S. Le Vot
{"title":"Air Plasma Modification of Graphite-Based Electrode for Improved Performance of Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries","authors":"Patricia Bassil, Coumba Fall, Karim Boutamine, Frédéric Favier, S. Le Vot","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad5709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5709","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Graphite felt is widely utilized as a porous carbon electrode in aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs). However, its inherent hydrophobic nature and limited electrochemical activity present challenges. While the correlation between RFB performance and electrode properties has been extensively studied for vanadium chemistry and other inorganic redox active materials, it remains scarce in literature for organic systems. In this study, we employ air plasma treatment, known for its controllability, solvent-free nature, and short treatment duration, to modify commercially available graphite felt for RFB applications. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to establish correlations between plasma treatment, physical properties, electrochemical characteristics, and overall cell performance in aqueous RFBs. Comparative evaluation reveals a significant enhancement, with treated graphite felt exhibiting an 85% increase in capacity at 140 mA cm-2 compared to its pristine counterpart. By intentionally utilizing authentic RFB electrodes and employing state-of-the-art ferrocyanide posolyte, this study underscores the crucial role of the interface, even for rapid (reversible) redox-active materials utilized in AORFBs.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"99 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Analysis and Research on Mass Transfer Performance of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Based on Novel Spiral Flow Field","authors":"Zeyu Li, Fuzhen Wang, Zebo Huang","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad5706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5706","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The high safety factor of all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) has positioned them as a leading choice for large-scale stationary energy storage. However, their further development is limited by their low energy density and high cost. Flow field performance emerges as a critical factor significantly influencing battery performance. In this paper, we propose a novel spiral flow field (NSFF), which deviates from the commonly serpentine and parallel flow fields. Our research findings demonstrate that, at a flow rate of 180 mL min-1 and a current density of 90 mA cm-2, the NSFF achieves, respectively, 3.65% and 9.8% higher energy efficiency compared to the serpentine and parallel flow fields. Moreover, the state of health of the NSFF after multiple cycles reaches an impressive level of 72.18%, surpassing that of the serpentine and parallel flow fields by 9.97% and 32.12%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"58 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danfeng Ying, Xufeng Zhou, Tengsheng Chi, Meichen Liu, Yimei Li, Wei Wang, Z. Liu
{"title":"Dendrite/Volume Expansion-Free Lithium Deposition Inside the Enclosed Nanoscale Space of Electrochemically Modified Graphite","authors":"Danfeng Ying, Xufeng Zhou, Tengsheng Chi, Meichen Liu, Yimei Li, Wei Wang, Z. Liu","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad5623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5623","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Though over-lithiation of graphite can increase the initial specific capacity of the anodes, the cycling stability is unsatisfactory as metallic lithium depositing on the surface of graphite has poor reversibility. In this work, we utilize electrochemical co-intercalation of Li+ and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME) to prepare [Li-DEGDME]+-graphite co-intercalation compounds ([Li-DEGDME]-Gr) from pristine graphite. The expanded d-spacing and abundant cross-layer voids in the intralayer structure of [Li-DEGDME]-Gr owing to the co-intercalation of [Li-DEGDME]+ complex ions and parasitic chemical reactions between solvent molecules and graphene layers promotes the migration of bare Li+ and provides sufficient interior space for extra lithium-storage. As a result, a much higher lithium-storage capacity of 810 mAh g-1 can be successfully achieved. The extra lithium-storage is proved to originate from the deposition of lithium metal inside the enclosed nanoscale space of the as modified graphite, which inhibits the formation of lithium dendrites, isolates lithium metal from electrolytes and avoids volumetric expansion, enabling the [Li-DEGDME]-Gr electrodes to exhibit better cycling stability with high specific capacity. This work proposes a new strategy to enhance the reversibility of lithium metal plating/stripping by accommodating lithium deposition inside modified carbon materials, thus effectively increases the reversible capacity of graphite-based anode materials.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":" October","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vamsee Krishna Teki, Jahnavi Kasi, Saiprakash Chidurala, Subhashree Priyadarshini, S. Joga, M. K. Maharana, C. Panigrahi
{"title":"Analysis of Lithium-ion Batteries through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Modeling","authors":"Vamsee Krishna Teki, Jahnavi Kasi, Saiprakash Chidurala, Subhashree Priyadarshini, S. Joga, M. K. Maharana, C. Panigrahi","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad561f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad561f","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a very effective methodology employed in the evaluation of performance and degradation mechanisms associated with lithium-ion batteries. In order to comprehend the complex electrochemical processes taking place within these energy storage devices, reliable and effective diagnostic tools are required due to the constant improvements in battery technology. EIS methodology has gained prominence as a very effective non-destructive method for examining the electrochemical characteristics of batteries. This technique offers significant contributions by providing useful insights into the internal operations of batteries. The main objective of this study is to create an electrical equivalent circuit model of a lithium-ion battery based on physics, and then use EIS to comprehend the electrical behavior and impedance of the battery to evaluate its performance under various operating scenarios. We seek to identify the critical elements influencing the battery's capacity, performance, and lifespan by capturing the intricate interaction of EIS. The results of this research are going to enhance the understanding of battery behavior and supporting the design as a more reliable and efficient energy storage systems for a wide range of applications, from portable electronic devices to electric vehicles and renewable energy integration.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"119 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Mechanical Degradation in Polycrystalline NMC Particle on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Vinit Nagda, Henrik Ekström, Artem Kulachenko","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad5622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5622","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely chosen for energy storage owing to their high coulombic efficiency and energy density. Within the positive electrode materials of LIBs, the structural integrity of secondary particles, composed of randomly oriented single-crystal primary particles, is crucial for sustained performance. These particles can fracture as a result of both mechanical stress and chemical interactions within the solid. Modelling LIBs is a complex task involving electro-chemo-mechanical phenomena and their interactions on different length scales. This study proposes a numerical modeling framework to investigate the active particle degradation and its impact on electrochemical performance. The model integrates mechanical and electrochemical processes, tracking crack evolution and mechanical failure through phase field damage. The coupled time-dependent non-linear partial differential equations are solved in a finite element framework using COMSOL Multiphysics. The model offers numerical insights into intergranular and transgranular fracture within secondary particles. The electrolyte infiltration into cracks reduces the electrochemical overpotential due to the increase in electrochemically active surface area, positively affecting performance. However, prolonged cycling with particle cracking poses severe threat to the battery performance and capacity. This comprehensive numerical modeling approach provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay of mechanical and electrochemical factors governing LIB performance and degradation.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":" 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141365410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timon Lazaridis, R. K. F. Della Bella, H. Gasteiger
{"title":"Trading Off Initial PEM Fuel Cell Performance versus Voltage Cycling Durability for Different Carbon Support Morphologies","authors":"Timon Lazaridis, R. K. F. Della Bella, H. Gasteiger","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad5624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5624","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Tailored design of carbon supports and their pore morphologies is crucial to achieve the ambitious durability and performance targets for future proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). We compared platinum catalysts supported on solid Vulcan carbon, porous Ketjenblack carbon, and accessible porous modified Ketjenblack carbon in a voltage cycling-based accelerated stress test (AST) with frequent intermittent characterizations. We derived how catalyst morphologies affect cell performance and electrochemical properties (electrode roughness factor, ORR activity, oxygen transport resistances) at beginning-of-life (BoL) and in various states of degradation up to 200,000 voltage cycles. We confirmed the enhanced Pt surface area retention of porous carbon-supported catalysts, ascribed to well-shielded Pt particles in internal pores, but find that this comes at the expense of lower initial high current density performance already at BoL. Accessible porous carbon-supported catalysts with wider pores mostly retain those durability benefits while, simultaneously, maximizing H2/air performance at all current densities due to improved oxygen transport. We also tracked changes in catalyst accessibility throughout voltage cycling by analyzing local oxygen transport resistances and relative humidity-dependent platinum utilization. We propose that catalysts with porous carbon supports undergo oxidative pore opening, followed by continuous migration of internal Pt particles to the external carbon surface.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"116 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Taskovic, Alison Clarke, J. Harlow, Sasha Martin-Maher, Kenneth Tuul, Ethan Eastwood, Michel Johnson, Jeff R. Dahn
{"title":"An Investigation of Li-Ion Cell Degradation Caused by Simulated Autoclave Cycles","authors":"T. Taskovic, Alison Clarke, J. Harlow, Sasha Martin-Maher, Kenneth Tuul, Ethan Eastwood, Michel Johnson, Jeff R. Dahn","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad5625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5625","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Li[Ni0.6Mn0.4Co0.0]O2/graphite (NMC640, balanced for 4.1 V cut-off) and Li[Ni0.83Mn0.06Co0.11]O2/graphite (Ni83, balanced for 4.06 V cut-off) pouch cells were tested using lab-simulated autoclave conditions. After every cycle, the cells at either 3.4, 3.7, or 3.9 V were placed in a 120°C oven for 40 min to undergo an “autoclave” run, then continued for another cycle. Electrolyte blends using lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt were used to improve the cycle-life of autoclaved cells. The lab autoclave protocol was also performed on LiFePO4/graphite (LFP) and NMC commercial cylindrical cells, which were advertised for use in or found in autoclaved medical devices. LFP cells performed poorly in the simulated autoclave tests, while commercial high-temperature-tolerant NMC cylindrical cells and the pouch cells performed similarly. In continuous testing at 85°C, the pouch cells had better capacity retention than both cylindrical cell types. However, the pouch cells suffered from electrolyte permeation through the polymer seals. The pouch cell chemistries incorporated in cylindrical cell format would probably give superior performance to the commercial cells in the autoclave tests. Cell lifetimes were improved when cells were placed into the 120°C oven at a lower voltage suggesting that hospitals should charge Li-ion cells after the autoclaving process instead of standard practice of before","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}