Ambix最新文献

{"title":"Poison Powder: The Kepone Disaster in Virginia and its Legacy","authors":"Sofiya Kamalova","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2023.2233226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2023.2233226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44243245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 antibodies in healthy blood donors and their follow-up.","authors":"Rahul Chaurasia, Gopal Kumar Patidar, Hem Chandra Pandey, Suganya Palanisamy, Vidushi Gupta, Sapna Chopra, Poonam Coshic","doi":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_9_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_9_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asymptomatic/presymptomatic COVID-19 affected individuals who may appear healthy during blood donor screening can donate blood despite being infective. Most blood donors in India are relatives/friends/acquaintances of patients, who under peer pressure overlook the donor selection process, which can significantly impact the transfusion safety.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among blood donors was assessed, along with the possible transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 virus in transfusion recipients of blood components prepared from sero-reactive blood donors.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among eligible blood donors from November-2020 to April 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1500 blood donors were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Sero-reactive donors were followed-up telephonically to inquire about risk factors prior to donation or appearance of COVID-19 related symptoms postdonation. Patients transfused with blood components from seroreactive donors were also followed up for posttransfusion symptoms suggestive for COVID-19. Descriptive analysis was done for the donor and patient follow-up data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 452 (30.1%) donor were reactive, with median S/CO ratio of 2.8 (interquartile range 1.5-5.5). Risk factors such as travel, contact, or quarantine were significantly higher among reactive donors. History of diabetes and/or hypertension was associated with seroreactivity. Total 516 patients were transfused with blood components from these seroreactive donors. Three patients developed fever after transfusion, one of which was found to be PCR positive after 4 days of transfusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sero-reactivity rate among blood donors was lower than the general population. Optimum blood donor screening strategies can help decrease the possibility of blood collection from infected blood donors.</p>","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"73 3 1","pages":"182-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10807534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87991560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Ammonia: Fritz Haber, Walther Nernst, and the Nature of Scientific Discovery","authors":"P. Joshi","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2023.2222587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2023.2222587","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45095210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research between Science, Society and Politics: The History and Scientific Development of Green Chemistry","authors":"Marcin Krasnodębski","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2023.2222575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2023.2222575","url":null,"abstract":"lasting. The first section is concluded by Peter Morris with a brief and well-written summary – in English – of the development of synthetic rubber in Germany (15 pp.). Morris argues convincingly that the market for natural rubber played a dominant role, and that Adolf Hitler promoted the synthetic rubber industry for reasons of national pride, despite poor economic prospects. The second section, “Substitutes for Basic Chemicals and Chemical Products,” opens with a lengthy chapter by Manfred Rasch (52 pp.) that summarises in a well-structured narrative his lifelong research on liquid fuels and lubricants from coal, produced by key technologies such as low-temperature coking, high-pressure hydrogenation (Bergius), and the Fischer-Tropsch process. Rasch argues that the attempts to solve the oil shortage produced new scarcities of energy and electricity in their turn – a kind of domino effect that is also addressed in the chapters by Maier and Zilt. The second contribution to this section, by Sandra Fehr, focuses on the scarcity of nitrogen products in Germany during the First World War. Fehr sheds new light on well-known facts by analysing the developments systematically in a strict chronological order, using Joseph Schumpeter’s analytical framework: invention – innovation – diffusion. She argues that all major inventions predated the war, that the nitrogen scarcity for the military was solved, but at the expense of agriculture, and that the HaberBosch process had a long-term impact on world food supply. The third section, “Substitutes for Fragrances, Flavorings, Food and Fodder,” starts with a chapter by Claus Priesner on the development of synthetic coffee flavours by first-rate organic chemists such as Reichstein and Staudinger. The production on an industrial scale of the substitute Coffarom took place after the war, between 1921 and 1931. As in the case of synthetic rubber, competition with the natural product played a large role. Nevertheless, Coffarom stayed on the market until the 1960s. The last chapter of the book, by Ulrike Thoms, deals with the production of fodder from waste materials and animal cadavers. It discusses in detail the great progress in the production of meat and bone meal by the rendering industry during the First World War. These technologies were further improved during the Second World War and had a lasting impact after 1945. Together with the extensive introduction, the seven cases studies represent a history of the German chemical industry in a nutshell, from the nineteenth century to the late 1950s, with a far greater attention than usual to the role played by politics and the military. With respect to the two central questions mentioned above, the answer to the first is that the external pressures of the two wars seldom led to really new inventions, but they scaled up existing technologies and their application. The answer to the second question is more ambiguous. In some cases innovations emerging during the wars ","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 1","pages":"333 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43266400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ersatzstoffe im Zeitalter der Weltkriege: Geschichte, Bedeutung, Perspektiven","authors":"E. Homburg","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2023.2218689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2023.2218689","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 1","pages":"332 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46723512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Hard Road: The Lithium-Ion Battery and the Electric Car","authors":"Teresa Sabol Spezio","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2023.2205715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2023.2205715","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 1","pages":"335 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49064481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letters on Natural Philosophy","authors":"Alisha Rankin","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2023.2205213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2023.2205213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 1","pages":"329 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47332984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the <i>Hermeticae Philosophiae Medulla</i>: Textual Cultures of Alchemical Secrecy.","authors":"Megan Piorko,&nbsp;Sarah Lang,&nbsp;Richard Bean","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2023.2201744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2023.2201744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents the decryption, historical analysis, and alchemical interpretation of an alchemical cipher found in a shared notebook of John and Arthur Dee (British Library MS Sloane 1902). The cipher is an early example of a Bellaso/Della Porta/Vigenère type, a strong encryption method which was historically deemed indecipherable. The essay explores the medical and alchemical context for the manuscript into which the cipher was copied and provides the transcription, plaintext solution (in Latin), and English translation of the encrypted text. Further, it interprets the enciphered text through the lens of alchemical practice and provides evidence for the dissemination of this cipher as part of a larger alchemical knowledge network.</p>","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 2","pages":"150-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9511297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amateur Science and Innovation in Fireworks in Nineteenth-Century Europe.","authors":"Barry Sturman,&nbsp;David Garrioch","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2023.2201743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2023.2201743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The categories of \"amateur\" and \"professional\" remain central in studies on the sociology of nineteenth-century science. This article joins a growing body of literature that points out the complicated and intersecting connections between these two groups and how blurred the boundaries could be. This study focuses on pyrotechny, the art of fireworks, a field of far more obvious importance in the nineteenth century than it is today. Firework displays were mounted by artisan firework makers, who by the end of the century had become industrialists, and by military specialists, usually artillerymen. They had also become a common amateur pursuit. Across the nineteenth century, the art was transformed by the introduction of new materials, and the key discoveries were the work of enthusiasts who did not seek to profit financially from their discoveries. In this sense, they too were amateurs, although some had a scientific education. This article asks how they were able to make such major contributions to the field, and it situates them within networks that often crossed the boundaries between those who made fireworks for a living, or who studied them in military contexts, and those who were simple enthusiasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 2","pages":"109-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9511291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Partington Prize 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00026980.2023.2197328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00026980.2023.2197328","url":null,"abstract":"The Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry is delighted to announce that the winner of the 2023 Partington Prize is Dr Armel Cornu of the Science History Institute for her entry “Senses and utility in the New Chemistry.” Armel Cornu is a postdoctoral researcher at the Science History Institute in Philadelphia. She majored in chemistry and history before graduating with a masters degree in the history of science at Université Panthéon-Sorbonne in Paris. She obtained her doctorate at the University of Uppsala in 2022 with a dissertation centring on the market, regulation, and science of mineral waters in eighteenth-century France. Her research is characterised by a social and economic approach to the development of chemistry throughout the Enlightenment. She currently works on the uses of sensorial impressions in the practice and perception of eighteenth-century chemistry. The Society for the History of Alchemy and Chemistry established the Partington Prize in memory of Professor James Riddick Partington, the Society’s first Chairman. It is awarded every three years for an original and unpublished essay on any aspect of the history of alchemy or chemistry. The prize-winning article will appear in the Society’s journal, Ambix, in due course.","PeriodicalId":50963,"journal":{"name":"Ambix","volume":"70 2","pages":"205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9872049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}