Advances in Marine Biology最新文献

{"title":"Marine mammal conservation in the 21st century: A plea for a paradigm shift towards mindful conservation.","authors":"Fabian Ritter","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2022.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2022.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine mammals are regarded in high esteem by the general public, and are recognized as flagship species for conservation, while at the same time they suffer from anthropogenic impacts on a global scale, and often in extreme ways. It seems there is a huge discrepancy between how we humans think about our fellow creatures in the sea, and how we behave to impact and/or conserve them. Here, I examine why the purely scientific and thus intellectual approach to marine mammal conservation has had limited success over the past decades. While there are some obvious success stories in cetacean conservation, the situation today is, for many species and populations, more dire than it has ever been. The idea of 'we need to know more'-a credo of the scientific community-often is politically misrepresented to postpone necessary conservation decisions. To adapt our path towards more profound and, importantly, more effective marine conservation, as conservationists we need to go deeper and change the narrative of separation, i.e., the concept of humans being set apart from the rest of nature. Instead, there is a need to create a narrative of connectedness, i.e., the consciousness of humans being an integral part of the planetary system. Rather than telling horror stories about the plight of marine mammals, conservationists also need to trigger positive emotions about them in ourselves. More holistic aspects of conservation need to be incorporated in our future efforts, including the fuller integration of traditional knowledge and indigenous wisdom, recognizing ecosystem functions of marine life and protecting the processes they sustain, respecting 'holiness' of nature while focusing on the animals' individuality, personhood and the cultural identity of distinct communities. Effective marine mammal conservation will be possible only on the basis of a profound change of our own values and a fundamental change of the societal system we are living in.</p>","PeriodicalId":50950,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9366371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serpulid reefs and their role in aquatic ecosystems: A global review.","authors":"Monica Montefalcone,&nbsp;Alice Oprandi,&nbsp;Annalisa Azzola,&nbsp;Carla Morri,&nbsp;Carlo Nike Bianchi","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2022.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2022.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Serpulidae are a large family of sedentary polychaetes, characterized by a calcareous habitation tube, which they cannot leave. The calcium carbonate tube is in the form of both aragonite and calcite, in fairly constant ratio for each taxon. Tubes are cemented firmly to any hard substrate (in only few species tubes are free). Although in the majority of the species the tubes encrust the substrate for all their length, the distal part may eventually detach and grow erectly. Certain species in dense populations build tubes vertical to the substrate in clumps and cement the tubes to each other. This gives serpulids the capability of forming reef-life structures when densely settling. Despite the relative smallness of the individual tubes (rarely longer than 15cm and wider than 1cm), such reef-like structures may cover tens of m², with a layer more than 1m thick. Serpulid reefs can be divided roughly into seven groups, according to the building modality and the type of habitat they occupy: (i) pseudocolonies; (ii) littoral belts; (iii) subtidal to deep-water reefs; (iv) reefs in coastal lakes and harbours; (v) brackish water reefs; (vi) tapestries in freshwater caves; (vii) biostalactites inside marine caves. The role of serpulid reefs in the ecosystems they inhabit is multifarious and may be distinguished in functions (biomass and production, benthic pelagic coupling, resistance and resilience, reproductive and survivorship strategies, trophodynamics, bioconstruction, living space and refuge, nursery, sediment formation and retention, food for other species, carbonate deposition and storage) and services (water clearance, reef associated fishery, cultural benefits). On the other hand, many serpulids are important constituents of biological fouling, and their calcareous masses damage submerged artefacts, causing huge economic costs. Positive and negative roles of serpulid reefs need to be compared with common metrics; the overall balance, however, is still to be assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":50950,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33495260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the fisheries, life history and stock structure of tropical tuna (skipjack Katsuwonus pelamis, yellowfin Thunnus albacares and bigeye Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean.","authors":"Iraide Artetxe-Arrate,&nbsp;Igaratza Fraile,&nbsp;Francis Marsac,&nbsp;Jessica H Farley,&nbsp;Naiara Rodriguez-Ezpeleta,&nbsp;Campbell R Davies,&nbsp;Naomi P Clear,&nbsp;Peter Grewe,&nbsp;Hilario Murua","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2020.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2020.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye (Thunnus obesus) tuna are the target species of tropical tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean, with high commercial value in the international market. High fishing pressure over the past three decades has raised concerns about their sustainability. Understanding life history strategies and stock structure is essential to determine species resilience and how they might respond to exploitation. Here we provide a comprehensive review of available knowledge on the biology, ecology, and stock structure of tropical tuna species in the Indian Ocean. We describe the characteristics of Indian Ocean tropical tuna fisheries and synthesize skipjack, yellowfin, and bigeye tuna key life history attributes such as biogeography, trophic ecology, growth, and reproductive biology. In addition, we evaluate the available literature about their stock structure using different approaches such as analysis of fisheries data, genetic markers, otolith microchemistry and tagging, among others. Based on this review, we conclude that there is a clear lack of ocean basin-scale studies on skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna life history, and that regional stock structure studies indicate that the panmictic population assumption of these stocks should be investigated further. Finally, we identify specific knowledge gaps that should be addressed with priority to ensure a sustainable and effective management of these species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50950,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.amb.2020.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39088033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From an economic crisis to a pandemic crisis: The need for accurate marine monitoring data to take informed management decisions.","authors":"Angel Borja,&nbsp;Michael Elliott","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is axomatic that a system cannot be managed unless it is measured and that the measurements occur in a rigorous, defendable manner covering relevant spatial and temporal scales. Furthermore, it is not possible to predict the future direction of a system unless any predictive approach or model is supported by empirical evidence from monitoring. The marine system is no different from any other system in these regards. This review indicates the nature and topics of marine monitoring, its constraints in times of economic austerity, the sequence of topics subject to monitoring and the amount of monitoring of various topics carried out as indicated by the number of publications and researchers. We discuss the way in which the nature of monitoring is decided and we use examples to comment on the way monitoring leads to and responds to marine management and governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":50950,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39467820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Charles Sheppard","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2881(21)00033-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(21)00033-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50950,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39467821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential loss of biodiversity and the critical importance of taxonomy-An Australian perspective.","authors":"Pat Hutchings","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2881(21)00015-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(21)00015-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50950,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0065-2881(21)00015-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39088032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of climate change factors on marine macroalgae: A review.","authors":"Yan Ji,&nbsp;Kunshan Gao","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2020.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2020.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine macroalgae, the main primary producers in coastal waters, play important roles in the fishery industry and global carbon cycles. With progressive ocean global changes, however, they are increasingly exposed to enhanced levels of multiple environmental drivers, such as ocean acidification, warming, heatwaves, UV radiation and deoxygenation. While most macroalgae have developed physiological strategies against variations of these drivers, their eco-physiological responses to each or combinations of the drivers differ spatiotemporally and species-specifically. Many freshwater macroalgae are tolerant of pH drop and its diel fluctuations and capable of acclimating to changes in carbonate chemistry. However, calcifying species, such as coralline algae, are very sensitive to acidification of seawater, which reduces their calcification, and additionally, temperature rise and UV further decrease their physiological performance. Except for these calcifying species, both economically important and harmful macroalgae can benefit from elevated CO₂ concentrations and moderate temperature rise, which might be responsible for increasing events of harmful macroalgal blooms including green macroalgal blooms caused by Ulva spp. and golden tides caused by Sargassum spp. Upper intertidal macroalgae, especially those tolerant of dehydration during low tide, increase their photosynthesis under elevated CO₂ concentrations during the initial dehydration period, however, these species might be endangered by heatwaves, which can expose them to high temperature levels above their thermal windows' upper limit. On the other hand, since macroalgae are distributed in shallow waters, they are inevitably exposed to solar UV radiation. The effects of UV radiation, depending on weather conditions and species, can be harmful as well as beneficial to many species. Moderate levels of UV-A (315-400nm) can enhance photosynthesis of green, brown and red algae, while UV-B (280-315nm) mainly show inhibitory impacts. Although little has been documented on the combined effects of elevated CO₂, temperature or heatwaves with UV radiation, exposures to heatwaves during midday under high levels of UV radiation can be detrimental to most species, especially to their microscopic stages which are less tolerant of climate change induced stress. In parallel, reduced availability of dissolved O₂ in coastal water along with eutrophication might favour the macroalgae's carboxylation process by suppressing their oxygenation or photorespiration. In this review, we analyse effects of climate change-relevant drivers individually and/or jointly on different macroalgal groups and different life cycle stages based on the literatures surveyed, and provide perspectives for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":50950,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/bs.amb.2020.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39088034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human impacts on deep-sea sponge grounds: Applying environmental omics to monitoring.","authors":"Johanne Vad,&nbsp;Kelsey Archer Barnhill,&nbsp;Georgios Kazanidis,&nbsp;J Murray Roberts","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are the oldest extant Metazoans. In the deep sea, sponges can occur at high densities forming habitats known as sponge grounds. Sponge grounds can extend over large areas of up to hundreds of km² and are biodiversity hotspots. However, as human activities, including deep-water hydrocarbon extraction, continue to expand into areas harbouring sponge grounds, understanding how anthropogenic impacts affect sponges and the ecosystem services they provide at multiple biological scales (community, individual and (sub)cellular levels) is key for achieving sustainable management. This chapter (1) provides an update to the chapter of Advances in Marine Biology Volume 79 entitled \"Potential Impacts of Offshore Oil and Gas Activities on Deep-Sea Sponges and the Habitats They Form\" and (2) discusses the use of omics as a future tool for deep-sea ecosystem monitoring. While metagenomics and (meta)transcriptomics studies have contributed to improve our understanding of sponge biology in recent years, metabolomics analysis has mostly been used to identify natural products. The sponge metabolome, therefore, remains vastly unknown despite the fact that the metabolome is a key link between the genotype and phenotype, giving us a unique new insight to how key components of an ecosystem are functioning. As the fraction of the metabolome released into the seawater, the sponge exometabolome has only just started to be characterised in comparative environmental metabolomic studies. Yet, the sponge exometabolome constitute a unique opportunity for the identification of biomarkers of sponge health as compounds can be measured in seawater, bypassing the need for physical samples which can still be difficult to collect in the deep sea. Within sponge grounds, the characterisation of a shared sponge exometabolome could lead to the identification of biomarkers of ecosystem functioning and overall health. Challenges remain in establishing omics approaches in environmental monitoring but constant technological advances and reduction in costs means these techniques will become widely available in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":50950,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39467819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The origins, relationships, evolution and conservation of the weirdest marine bivalves: The watering pot shells. A review.","authors":"Brian Morton,&nbsp;Fabrizio Marcondes Machado","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2021.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2021.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fossil record shows that the two clavagelloid or watering pot families evolved at different times, the Clavagellidae first in the late Mesozoic (100-66mya), the Penicillidae later in the Cenozoic (33-23mya)-the former originally with, thus, a near-global Tethyan distribution, the latter restricted to the Indo-West Pacific. Representatives of the two clavagelloid families, moreover, have wholly different adventitious tube/crypt structures and, thus, methods of formation suggesting that evolutionary experiments have been undertaken to achieve such radical architectural novelties. This has resulted in one of the most surprising examples of convergent evolution in the Bivalvia. But, what were the ancestors of the Clavagelloidea? The shell and internal morphology of representatives of the three recognized genera of the Lyonsiidae, that is, Lyonsia, Entodesma and Mytilimeria, are described. Species of the latter two genera are highly specialized epibenthic, byssate, nestlers and embedded symbionts of ascidian colonies and sponges, respectively. Species of Lyonsia, however, are mostly shallow endobenthic burrowers. On the basis of these studies, it is concluded that species of Lyonsia can be regarded as representative of the ancestral watering pot (Clavagelloidea) condition. Evidence for this conclusion include the mineralogy, characteristics and ligament structure of the shell and features of the anatomy, importantly the modification of the vestigial pedal retractor muscles to form simple (Clavagellidae) and more complex (Penicillidae) proprioreceptors. Such an anatomy-based conclusion is supported to some extent by DNA analyses of representatives of the Lyonsiidae and the two constituent families of the Clavagelloidea. To some extent because all clavagelloids are exceedingly rare hindering such analyses. Such rarity, however, also argues for the strict conservation of all the species of the Clavagelloidea.</p>","PeriodicalId":50950,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39088030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and future considerations for shark conservation in the Northeast and Eastern Central Pacific Ocean.","authors":"Shawn Larson,&nbsp;Dayv Lowry,&nbsp;Nicholas K Dulvy,&nbsp;Jim Wharton,&nbsp;Felipe Galván-Magaña,&nbsp;Abraham B Sianipar,&nbsp;Christopher G Lowe,&nbsp;Erin Meyer","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2021.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sharks are iconic and ecologically important predators found in every ocean. Because of their ecological role as predators, some considered apex predators, and concern over the stability of their populations due to direct and indirect overfishing, there has been an increasing amount of work focussed on shark conservation, and other elasmobranchs such as skates and rays, around the world. Here we discuss many aspects of current shark science and conservation and the path to the future of shark conservation in the Northeastern and Eastern Central Pacific. We explore their roles in ecosystems as keystone species; the conservation measures and laws in place at the international, national, regional and local level; the conservation status of sharks and rays in the region, fisheries for sharks in the Northcentral Pacific specifically those that target juveniles and the implications to shark conservation; a conservation success story: the recovery of Great White Sharks in the Northeast Pacific; public perceptions of sharks and the roles zoos and aquariums play in shark conservation; and the path to the future of shark conservation that requires bold partnerships, local stakeholders and innovative measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":50950,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Marine Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39584796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}