Water Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/w16101418

Javier Lozano-Parra, José Manuel Sánchez-Martín

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources for Vegetation Covers in Extremadura (Spain)","authors":"Javier Lozano-Parra, José Manuel Sánchez-Martín","doi":"10.3390/w16101418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101418","url":null,"abstract":"Mediterranean areas will likely undergo climate shifts in the near future that modify the water resources for vegetation. However, in some regions of southwestern Spain, such as Extremadura, the impact of different future scenarios on the water resources for vegetation has not been studied extensively. This study focused on the quantification and spatial distribution of water resources for vegetation covers in Extremadura and analyzed the impact of future climate change scenarios on those water resources. For this, five downscaled global climate models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) were used in four future periods (from 2021 to 2100) following two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP-2.45 and SSP-5.85). These projections were compared with a historical baseline period (1970–2000) to obtain the variation of water resources. The results showed decreases in the water resources for all the scenarios and periods analyzed compared to those observed in the historical baseline period. The smallest decreases were noted over 2041–2060 for SSP2-4.5, with almost 74% of the region decreasing between 15 and 18% (with an average of 16.4%). The greatest decreases were over 2081–2100 for SSP5-8.5, in which 90% of the region displayed water resource declines of greater than 50%. In this last situation, the three more widespread vegetation covers (agrosilvopastoral systems of dehesas, grasslands, and crops) underwent similar declines of around 55% of their water resources (from ≈203 to ≈93 mm), while the fourth widely spread vegetation cover, forests, declined by 49% (from ≈261 to ≈133 mm). If any of these future projections occur, the decline in water resources could modify the forest composition and structure of these water-dependent ecosystems, compromising their maintenance and ecological, cultural, and economic functions.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"72 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced Low-Energy Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Removal in Aeration-Free Conditions through Pulse-Rotating Bio-Contactors Enriched with Glycogen-Accumulating Organisms 通过富含糖原累积有机体的脉冲旋转生物接触器提高无曝气条件下的低能耗化学需氧量（COD）去除率

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/w16101417

Liang Cheng, Guihuan Deng, Chaoqun Zhang, Yao Yang, Abdallah Abdelfattah, Reham Eltawab, Hui Jia

{"title":"Enhanced Low-Energy Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Removal in Aeration-Free Conditions through Pulse-Rotating Bio-Contactors Enriched with Glycogen-Accumulating Organisms","authors":"Liang Cheng, Guihuan Deng, Chaoqun Zhang, Yao Yang, Abdallah Abdelfattah, Reham Eltawab, Hui Jia","doi":"10.3390/w16101417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101417","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an innovative pulse-rotating biological contactor (P-RBC) designed to enrich glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs), thereby facilitating low-energy chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. It then investigates the impact of rotational speed and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on GAO enrichment and COD removal efficiency. Optimized conditions at lower speeds and longer HRTs significantly enhance GAO proliferation and Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis, the key to COD removal. Noteworthy findings include a maximum GAO abundance of 21.34% at a half round per hour (rph) rotating speed, which correlates with a 90.2% COD removal rate and an HRT of 6 h, yielding a 21.23% GAO abundance and 89.8% COD removal. This study also explores various carbon sources for PHA synthesis, with sodium acetate proving the most effective. Compared to other wastewater treatment methods, P-RBC demonstrates minimal energy consumption (0.09 kWh per ton of wastewater), highlighting its potential as a sustainable and effective approach for wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"23 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Objective Synergetic Operation for Cascade Reservoirs in the Upper Yellow River 黄河上游梯级水库的多目标协同运行

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/w16101416

Kunhui Hong, Wei Zhang, Aixing Ma, Yucong Wei, Mingxiong Cao

{"title":"Multi-Objective Synergetic Operation for Cascade Reservoirs in the Upper Yellow River","authors":"Kunhui Hong, Wei Zhang, Aixing Ma, Yucong Wei, Mingxiong Cao","doi":"10.3390/w16101416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101416","url":null,"abstract":"The Yellow River, a critical water resource, faces challenges stemming from increasing water demand, which has led to detrimental effects on hydropower generation and ecological balance. This paper will address the complex task of balancing the interests of hydropower generation, water supply, and ecology within the context of cascade reservoirs, specifically Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs. Employing a systemic coupling coordination approach, we constructed a multi-objective synergetic model of the upper Yellow River in order to explore synergies and competitions among multiple objectives. The results reveal that there is a weak competitive relationship between hydropower generation and water supply, a strong synergy between hydropower generation and ecology, and a strong competitive relationship between water supply and ecology. The Pareto solution set analysis indicates a considerable percentage (59%, 20%, and 8% in wet, normal, and dry years, respectively) exhibiting excellent coordination. The probability of excellent coordination decreases with diminishing inflow. The optimization scheme with the highest coupling coordination demonstrates significant improvements in power generation, water supply, and ecological benefits in the upper Yellow River without compromising other objectives, fostering the sustainable operation of hydropower generation, water supply, and ecology in the upper Yellow River.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"47 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Combined Seasonal Mann–Kendall and Innovative Approach for the Trend Analysis of Streamflow Rate in Two Croatian Rivers 克罗地亚两条河流流量趋势分析的季节性曼-肯德尔和创新相结合方法

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/w16101422

Mehmet Berkant Yıldız, F. Di Nunno, B. Đurin, Q. Pham, G. de Marinis, F. Granata

{"title":"A Combined Seasonal Mann–Kendall and Innovative Approach for the Trend Analysis of Streamflow Rate in Two Croatian Rivers","authors":"Mehmet Berkant Yıldız, F. Di Nunno, B. Đurin, Q. Pham, G. de Marinis, F. Granata","doi":"10.3390/w16101422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101422","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change profoundly impacts hydrological systems, particularly in regions such as Croatia, which is renowned for its diverse geography and climatic variability. This study examined the effect of climate change on streamflow rates in two Croatian rivers: Bednja and Gornja Dobra. Using seasonal Mann–Kendall (MK) tests, overall streamflow trends were evaluated. Additionally, innovative polygon trend analysis (IPTA), innovative visualization for innovative trend analysis (IV-ITA), and Bayesian changepoint detection and time series decomposition (BEAST) algorithms were used to assess the trends’ magnitudes and transitions. The seasonal MK analysis identified significant decreasing trends, primarily during summer. The results of IPTA and IV-ITA revealed consistent decreasing trends throughout most months, with a notable increase in September, especially at high flow values. The rivers’ behavior differed between the first and second halves of the month. BEAST analysis detected abrupt changes, including earlier shifts (1951–1968) in the Bednja and more recent ones (2013–2015) in both the Bednja and, to a lesser extent, the Gornja Dobra rivers. This comprehensive approach enhances our understanding of long-term streamflow trends and short-term fluctuations induced by climate change.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140967406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Main Impact Factors for the Propagation from Meteorological Drought to Socio-Economic Drought from the Perspective of a Small Area, Based on a Practical Survey 基于实际调查的小地区气象干旱向社会经济干旱蔓延的主要影响因素

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/w16101426

Chenkai Cai, Changhuai Wu, Jing Wang, Helong Wang, Ruotong Wang, Lei Fu, Jinhua Wen

{"title":"The Main Impact Factors for the Propagation from Meteorological Drought to Socio-Economic Drought from the Perspective of a Small Area, Based on a Practical Survey","authors":"Chenkai Cai, Changhuai Wu, Jing Wang, Helong Wang, Ruotong Wang, Lei Fu, Jinhua Wen","doi":"10.3390/w16101426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101426","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is one of the most frequent types of natural disasters in the world, and it has been classified into several different categories. Generally, meteorological drought is considered to be the beginning of a drought disaster, while socio-economic drought is the possible ultimate result. However, controversy remains around the main impact factors in the propagation from meteorological drought to socio-economic drought over the past decades. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of the 2022 drought event in the city of Lishui, China was conducted to build a model for analyzing the main impact factors in the propagation from meteorological drought to socio-economic drought. The results showed that the 2022 drought event had a great impact on the city’s socio-economic activities. According to governmental reports on socio-economic drought and basic information on water sources, a random forest attribution analysis model was built. The model demonstrated a great performance in distinguishing whether a socio-economic drought had occurred, with an accuracy of 0.9935, a true positive rate of 0.9489 and a false positive rate of 0.0021. Additionally, the variables related to water sources—including drainage area, covered population and daily water supply volume—were found to be more important than the other variables related to meteorological conditions in the model, meaning that the capacity of water sources is the main impact factor in the propagation between meteorological drought and socio-economic drought. In other words, it is feasible to prevent the propagation of meteorological drought to socio-economic drought through water conservancy engineering construction.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"28 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Constructed Wetlands Enhanced by Sponge Iron 海绵铁强化的人工湿地对氮和磷的协同去除作用

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/w16101414

Yiwei Shen, Meijia Hu, Yishen Xu, Mengni Tao, Lin Guan, Yu Kong, Shiwei Cao, Zhaoqian Jing

{"title":"Synergistic Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Constructed Wetlands Enhanced by Sponge Iron","authors":"Yiwei Shen, Meijia Hu, Yishen Xu, Mengni Tao, Lin Guan, Yu Kong, Shiwei Cao, Zhaoqian Jing","doi":"10.3390/w16101414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101414","url":null,"abstract":"Insufficient denitrification and limited phosphorus uptake hinder nitrogen and phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). Sponge iron is a promising material for the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen because of its strong reducing power, high electronegativity, and inexpensive cost. The influence of factors including initial solution pH, dosage, and the Fe/C ratio was investigated. A vertical flow CW with sponge iron (CW-I) was established, and a traditional gravel bed (CW-G) was used as a control group. The kinetic analysis demonstrated that for both nitrogen and phosphorus, pseudo-second-order kinetics were superior. The theoretical adsorption capacities of sponge iron for nitrate (NO3−-N) and phosphate (PO43−-P) were 1294.5 mg/kg and 583.6 mg/kg, respectively. Under different hydraulic retention times (HRT), CW-I had better total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies (6.08–15.18% and 5.00–20.67%, respectively) than CW-G. The enhancing effect of sponge iron on nitrogen and phosphorus removal was best when HRT was 48 h. The increase in HRT improved not only the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects of CWs but also the reduction capacity of iron and the phosphorus removal effect. The main mechanisms of synergistic nitrogen and phosphorus removal were chemical reduction, ion exchange, electrostatic adsorption, and precipitation formation.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The DPSIR Model-Based Sustainability Assessment of Urban Water Resources: A Comparative Study of Zhuhai and Macao 基于 DPSIR 模型的城市水资源可持续性评估：珠海与澳门的比较研究

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/w16101413

Yang Bai, Jiaman Qin, Wenjing Liu, Linhan Li, Yang Wu, Peng Zhang

{"title":"The DPSIR Model-Based Sustainability Assessment of Urban Water Resources: A Comparative Study of Zhuhai and Macao","authors":"Yang Bai, Jiaman Qin, Wenjing Liu, Linhan Li, Yang Wu, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/w16101413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101413","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the driving force-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model, 19 indicators were selected to construct a comparison between Zhuhai and Macao, two adjacent cities at the estuary of the Pearl River in China, which have different development models and water resource sustainable development strategies. Factors that may affect the sustainability of water resources were screened and placed according to the relationships of the five subsystems in the DPSIR model, establishing a sustainable evaluation model for water resources in the two cities. The results analyzed by Principal Component Analysis and Entropy methods showed that (1) Zhuhai City was greatly affected by the driving force, while Macao was greatly affected by the state system from 2012 to 2021. (2) From the trend changes, it can be seen that, in recent years, the water resources of the two cities have been moving towards sustainable development, and the management and protection of water resources have achieved remarkable results. From the evaluation results, it can be seen that implementing urban water-saving activities, strengthening the proportion of environmental water conservancy, public measures in public investment, upgrading sewage treatment machinery to improve sewage treatment rates, and other measures can effectively improve the current situation of water resources in both regions. In the future, the Zhuhai and Macao cities may continue to face a series of water resource pressures brought on by socio-economic developments. Therefore, an active adjustment of the development of the measurement of controlling wastewater discharge and saving water resources was proposed, adhering to the direction of sustainable development, and ensuring the benign development of socio-economic conditions and the ecological environment. This study can provide data to support regional water resource security and policy formulation with different political systems.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"21 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140967808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Study of Precipitation Forecasting for the Pre-Summer Rainy Season in South China Based on a Back-Propagation Neural Network 基于反向传播神经网络的华南地区夏前雨季降水预报研究

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/w16101423

Bing-Zeng Wang, Si-Jie Liu, Xin-Min Zeng, Bo Lu, Zeng-Xin Zhang, Jian Zhu, Irfan Ullah

{"title":"A Study of Precipitation Forecasting for the Pre-Summer Rainy Season in South China Based on a Back-Propagation Neural Network","authors":"Bing-Zeng Wang, Si-Jie Liu, Xin-Min Zeng, Bo Lu, Zeng-Xin Zhang, Jian Zhu, Irfan Ullah","doi":"10.3390/w16101423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101423","url":null,"abstract":"In South China, the large quantity of rainfall in the pre-summer rainy season can easily lead to natural disasters, which emphasizes the importance of improving the accuracy of precipitation forecasting during this period for the social and economic development of the region. In this paper, the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) is used to establish the model for precipitation forecasting. Three schemes are applied to improve the model performance: (1) predictors are selected based on individual meteorological stations within the region rather than the region as a whole; (2) the triangular irregular network (TIN) is proposed to preprocess the observed precipitation data for input of the BPNN model, while simulated/forecast precipitation is the expected output; and (3) a genetic algorithm is used for the hyperparameter optimization of the BPNN. The first scheme reduces the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the simulation by roughly 5% and more than 15 mm; the second reduces the MAPE and RMSE by more than 15% and 15 mm, respectively, while the third improves the simulation inapparently. Obviously, the second scheme raises the upper limit of the model simulation capability greatly by preprocessing the precipitation data. During the training and validation periods, the MAPE of the improved model can be controlled at approximately 35%. For precipitation hindcasting in the test period, the anomaly rate is less than 50% in only one season, and the highest is 64.5%. According to the anomaly correlation coefficient and Ps score of the hindcast precipitation, the improved model performance is slightly better than the FGOALS-f2 model. Although global climate change makes the predictors more variable, the trend of simulation is almost identical to that of the observed values over the whole period, suggesting that the model is able to capture the general characteristics of climate change.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"45 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Water Quality and the First-Flush Effect in Roof-Based Rainwater Harvesting, Part II: First Flush 屋顶雨水收集的水质和首冲效应，第二部分：首冲

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/w16101421

Jessica J. Lay, Jason R. Vogel, Jason B. Belden, Glenn O. Brown, Daniel E. Storm

{"title":"Water Quality and the First-Flush Effect in Roof-Based Rainwater Harvesting, Part II: First Flush","authors":"Jessica J. Lay, Jason R. Vogel, Jason B. Belden, Glenn O. Brown, Daniel E. Storm","doi":"10.3390/w16101421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101421","url":null,"abstract":"Rainwater runoff samples from a range of roofing materials were temporally collected from 19 small-scale roof structures and two commercial buildings through simulated and actual storm events, and the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phosphorus flame retardants (PFLs), and pyrethroid insecticides and other water quality parameters were analyzed. In Part I of this research, the concentrations of these contaminants in roof runoff and soils receiving runoff from a range of roofing materials were evaluated. In Part II, recommendations have been developed for a first-flush exclusion to improve the quality of water harvesting for nonpotable uses. Recommendations focus on a first-flush diversion based on mass removals of total suspended solids (TSS) and PAHs linked to conductivity measurements throughout a storm event. Additionally, an upper-confidence limit (UCL) was constructed to determine the minimum diversion required to obtain 50, 75, 90, and 95% mass removal of TSS and PAH contaminants. The majority of TSS were produced during the initial 1.2 mm of runoff. Likewise, the majority of PAHs were removed during the initial 1.2 mm of runoff, except for the asphalt shingle roofs, where high PAHs were observed after 6 mm of runoff. The Texas Water Development Board (TWDB)-recommended first-flush diversion of one gallon for every 100 square feet of rooftop was not always adequate for removing 50% of TSS and PAHs from the roofs. Rainwater runoff conductivity decreased drastically between 1.2 to 2.4 mm of rainwater runoff. Diverting the first flush based on conductivity has the potential to also divert the majority of TSS and PAHs in roof runoff.","PeriodicalId":509004,"journal":{"name":"Water","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monsoons and Tide-Induced Eddies Deflect the Dispersion of the Thermal Plume in Nan Wan Bay 季风和潮汐引起的涡流使南湾热羽流的扩散发生偏转

Water Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/w16101420

Hung-Jen Lee, Shih-Jen Huang, Pei-Jie Meng, Chung-Chi Chen, Chia-Ying Ho, Yi-Chen Tsai

引用次数: 0

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