Toxics Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050309

Weiwei Yang, Qingwei Bu, Qianhui Shi, Ruiqing Zhao, Haitao Huang, Lei Yang, Jianfeng Tang, Yuning Ma

{"title":"Emerging Contaminants in the Effluent of Wastewater Should Be Regulated: Which and to What Extent?","authors":"Weiwei Yang, Qingwei Bu, Qianhui Shi, Ruiqing Zhao, Haitao Huang, Lei Yang, Jianfeng Tang, Yuning Ma","doi":"10.3390/toxics12050309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050309","url":null,"abstract":"Effluent discharged from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a major source of emerging contaminants (ECs) requiring effective regulation. To this end, we collected discharge datasets of pharmaceuticals (PHACs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), representing two primary categories of ECs, from Chinese WWTP effluent from 2012 to 2022 to establish an exposure database. Moreover, high-risk ECs’ long-term water quality criteria (LWQC) were derived using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. A total of 140 ECs (124 PHACs and 16 EDCs) were identified, with concentrations ranging from N.D. (not detected) to 706 μg/L. Most data were concentrated in coastal regions and Gansu, with high ecological risk observed in Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Guangdong, and Hong Kong. Using the assessment factor (AF) method, 18 high-risk ECs requiring regulation were identified. However, only three of them, namely carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and bisphenol-A, met the derivation requirements of the SSD method. The LWQC for these three ECs were determined as 96.4, 1010, and 288 ng/L, respectively. Exposure data for carbamazepine and bisphenol-A surpassed their derived LWQC, indicating a need for heightened attention to these contaminants. This study elucidates the occurrence and risks of ECs in Chinese WWTPs and provides theoretical and data foundations for EC management in urban sewage facilities.","PeriodicalId":508978,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Approaches for the Efficient Removal of Fluoride from Groundwater: A Comprehensive Review 有效去除地下水中氟化物的方法：全面综述

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050306

Negar Arab, Reza Derakhshani, M. Sayadi

{"title":"Approaches for the Efficient Removal of Fluoride from Groundwater: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Negar Arab, Reza Derakhshani, M. Sayadi","doi":"10.3390/toxics12050306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050306","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of groundwater with fluoride represents a significant global issue, with high concentrations posing serious public health threats. While fluoride is a critical element in water, excessive levels can be detrimental to human health and potentially life-threatening. Addressing the challenge of removing fluoride from underground water sources via nanotechnological approaches is a pressing concern in environmental science. To collate relevant information, extensive literature searches were conducted across multiple databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the American Chemical Society, Elsevier, Springer, and the Royal Society of Chemistry. VOS Viewer software version 1.6.20 was employed for a systematic review. This article delivers an exhaustive evaluation of various groundwater fluoride removal techniques, such as adsorption, membrane filtration, electrocoagulation, photocatalysis, and ion exchange. Among these, the application of nanoparticles emerges as a notable method. The article delves into nano-compounds, optimizing conditions for the fluoride removal process and benchmarking their efficacy against other techniques. Studies demonstrate that advanced nanotechnologies—owing to their rapid reaction times and potent oxidation capabilities—can remove fluoride effectively. The implementation of nanotechnologies in fluoride removal not only enhances water quality but also contributes to the safeguarding of human health.","PeriodicalId":508978,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140666450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploration of the Effects of Cadmium Stress on Photosynthesis in Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC 镉胁迫对 Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC 光合作用影响的探索

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050307

Ronghua Zhou, Jun Xu, Liangjun Li, Yulai Yin, Bowen Xue, Jingjing Li, Fangfang Sun

{"title":"Exploration of the Effects of Cadmium Stress on Photosynthesis in Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC","authors":"Ronghua Zhou, Jun Xu, Liangjun Li, Yulai Yin, Bowen Xue, Jingjing Li, Fangfang Sun","doi":"10.3390/toxics12050307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050307","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium ion (Cd2+) stress is a major abiotic stressor affecting plant photosynthesis. However, the impact of sustained high-concentration Cd stress on the photosynthetic electron transport chain of aquatic plants is currently unclear. Here, prompt fluorescence (PF), delayed fluorescence (DF), and P700 signals were simultaneously measured to investigate the effect of Cd stress on photosynthesis in water dropwort [Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.]. We aimed to elucidate how Cd stress continuously affects the electron transport chain in this species. The PF analysis showed that with prolonged Cd stress, the FJ, FI and FP steadily decreased, accompanied by a positive shift in the K-band and L-band. Moreover, JIP-test parameters, including TRO/ABS, ABS/CSO, TRO/CSO and PIABS, were significantly reduced. The P700 signals showed that exposure to Cd stress hindered both the fast decrease and slow increase phases of the MR transient, ultimately resulting in a gradual reduction in both VPSI and VPSII − PSI. The DF analysis showed a gradual decrease in the I1 and I2 values as the duration of stress from Cd increased. The above results suggested that Cd stress affected the photosynthetic electron transport in water dropwort by influencing the amount of active PSII and PSI, primarily affecting PSII RCs in the early to mid-stages and PSI reductive activity in the later stage.","PeriodicalId":508978,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"34 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140671831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Interaction-Based Hazard Index Formula Using Data on Four Trihalomethanes from U.S. EPA’s Multiple-Purpose Design Study 利用美国环保局多用途设计研究中有关四种三卤甲烷的数据评估基于交互作用的危害指数公式

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050305

R. Hertzberg, L. Teuschler, A. Mcdonald, Y. M. Sey, Jane Ellen Simmons

{"title":"Evaluation of the Interaction-Based Hazard Index Formula Using Data on Four Trihalomethanes from U.S. EPA’s Multiple-Purpose Design Study","authors":"R. Hertzberg, L. Teuschler, A. Mcdonald, Y. M. Sey, Jane Ellen Simmons","doi":"10.3390/toxics12050305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12050305","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction-based hazard index (HIINT), a mixtures approach to characterizing toxicologic interactions, is demonstrated and evaluated by statistically analyzing data on four regulated trihalomethanes (THMs). These THMs were the subject of a multipurpose toxicology study specifically designed to evaluate the HIINT formula. This HIINT evaluation uses single, binary and quaternary mixture THM data. While this research is considered preliminary, the results provide insights on the application of HIINT when toxicology mixture data are available and on improvements to the method. The results for relative liver weight show the HIINT was generally not conservative but did adjust the additive hazard index (HI) in the correct direction, predicting greater than dose-additivity, as seen in the mixture data. For the liver serum enzyme endpoint alanine aminotransferase, the results were mixed, with some indices giving an estimated effective dose lower than the observed mixture effective dose and others higher; in general, the HIINT adjusted the HI in the correct direction, predicting less than dose-additivity. In addition, a methodological improvement was made in the calculation of maximum interaction magnitude. Suggested refinements to the HIINT included mixture-specific replacements for default parameter values and approaches for supplementing the usual qualitative discussions of uncertainty with numerical descriptions.","PeriodicalId":508978,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":"118 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140669647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Sex-Specific Chronic Exposure to Dietary Arsenic in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). 斑马鱼（Danio rerio）长期暴露于膳食砷对其生殖和发育的影响。

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040302

Mahesh Rachamalla, Arash Salahinejad, V. Kodzhahinchev, Soumya Niyogi

{"title":"Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Sex-Specific Chronic Exposure to Dietary Arsenic in Zebrafish (Danio rerio).","authors":"Mahesh Rachamalla, Arash Salahinejad, V. Kodzhahinchev, Soumya Niyogi","doi":"10.3390/toxics12040302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040302","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the reproductive and developmental effects of sex-specific chronic exposure to dietary arsenic in zebrafish. Adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to environmentally realistic doses of arsenic via diet [0 (control; no added arsenic), 30 (low), 60 (medium), and 100 (high) μg/g dry weight, as arsenite] for 90 days. Following exposure, arsenic-exposed females from each dietary treatment were mated with control males, and similarly, arsenic-exposed males from each dietary treatment were mated with control females. In females, arsenic exposure resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in reproductive performance (fecundity, fertilization success, and hatching success). Moreover, a dose-dependent increase in developmental toxicity (larval deformities and larval mortality) was observed with maternal exposure to arsenic. In contrast, in males, arsenic exposure also induced similar reproductive and developmental toxicity; however, the adverse effects were mainly evident only in the medium and high dietary arsenic treatment groups. We also examined the sex-specific effects of dietary arsenic exposure on the expression of genes that regulate the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPG-L) axis in fish. The gene expression results indicated the downregulation of HPG-L axis genes in females irrespective of the arsenic treatment dose; however, the reduced expression of HPG-L axis genes in males was recorded only in the medium and high arsenic treatment groups. These observations suggest that chronic arsenic exposure in either females or males causes reproductive and developmental toxicity in zebrafish. However, these toxic effects are markedly higher in females than in males. Our results also suggest that arsenic can act as an endocrine disruptor and mediate reproductive and developmental toxicity by disrupting the HPG-L axis in zebrafish.","PeriodicalId":508978,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":" 67","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lipid Dysregulation Induced by Gasoline and Diesel Exhaust Exposure and the Interaction with Age. 接触汽油和柴油废气引起的血脂失调以及与年龄的相互作用

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040303

Yutong Gao, Xinzhuo Zhang, Xinting Li, Jinsheng Zhang, Zongyan Lv, Dongping Guo, Hongjun Mao, Ting Wang

{"title":"Lipid Dysregulation Induced by Gasoline and Diesel Exhaust Exposure and the Interaction with Age.","authors":"Yutong Gao, Xinzhuo Zhang, Xinting Li, Jinsheng Zhang, Zongyan Lv, Dongping Guo, Hongjun Mao, Ting Wang","doi":"10.3390/toxics12040303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040303","url":null,"abstract":"Limited knowledge exists regarding gasoline and diesel exhaust effects on lipid metabolism. This study collected gasoline and diesel exhaust under actual driving conditions and conducted inhalation exposure on male young and middle-aged C57BL/6J mice for 4 h/day for 5 days to simulate commuting exposure intensity. Additionally, PM2.5 from actual roadways, representing gasoline and diesel vehicles, was generated for exposure to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and normal liver cells (LO2) for 24, 48, and 72 h to further investigate exhaust particle toxicity. Results showed that diesel exhaust reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in young mice, indicating disrupted lipid metabolism. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels increased by 53.7% and 21.7%, respectively, suggesting potential liver injury. Diesel exhaust exposure decreased superoxide dismutase and increased glutathione peroxidase levels. Cell viability decreased, and reactive oxygen species levels increased in HUVECs and LO2 following exposure to exhaust particles, with dose- and time-dependent effects. Diesel exhaust particles exhibited more severe inhibition of cell proliferation and oxidative damage compared to gasoline exhaust particles. These findings provide novel evidence of the risk of disrupted lipid metabolism due to gasoline and diesel exhaust, emphasizing the toxicity of diesel exhaust.","PeriodicalId":508978,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Fishery Products Using GC-MS/MS in South Korea. 韩国利用 GC-MS/MS 监测和评估水产品中的农药残留。

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040299

Myung-Hwa Kim, Mihyun Cho, Seo-Hong Kim, Yoonmi Lee, Mi-Ra Jo, Yong-Sun Moon, Moo-Hyeog Im

{"title":"Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Fishery Products Using GC-MS/MS in South Korea.","authors":"Myung-Hwa Kim, Mihyun Cho, Seo-Hong Kim, Yoonmi Lee, Mi-Ra Jo, Yong-Sun Moon, Moo-Hyeog Im","doi":"10.3390/toxics12040299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040299","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the risk of pesticide contamination in aquaculture and its impact on fishery products. We conducted an assessment of 300 samples collected from nine regions in South Korea, including various types of seafood, such as freshwater fish, marine fish, crustaceans, and shellfish. Pesticide residues in seafood were analyzed using GC-MS/MS after sample preparation using a modified QuEChERS method, revealing the presence of eight pesticides (4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDT, boscalid, isoprothiolane, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, thifluzamide, and trifluralin) across seven fish species (carp, far eastern catfish, crucian carp, eel, Chinese muddy loach, mirror carp, and sea bass). Following the grouping of DDE with DDT, a risk assessment of fishery products was conducted. After the estimated daily intake (EDI) of fish was calculated and compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI), the health risk index (HI, %ADI) of the detected pesticides was evaluated and found to be 1.07% or lower. The results suggest that the consumption of domestically farmed fish products in South Korea poses minimal health risks associated with pesticide residues.","PeriodicalId":508978,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exposure to Microplastics Made of Plasmix-Based Materials at Low Amounts Did Not Induce Adverse Effects on the Earthworm Eisenia foetida. 低量接触由塑性基材料制成的微塑料不会对蚯蚓Eisenia foetida产生不良影响。

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040300

Beatrice De Felice, Stefano Gazzotti, Maddalena Roncoli, E. Conterosito, Valentina Gianotti, M. Ortenzi, Marco Parolini

{"title":"Exposure to Microplastics Made of Plasmix-Based Materials at Low Amounts Did Not Induce Adverse Effects on the Earthworm Eisenia foetida.","authors":"Beatrice De Felice, Stefano Gazzotti, Maddalena Roncoli, E. Conterosito, Valentina Gianotti, M. Ortenzi, Marco Parolini","doi":"10.3390/toxics12040300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040300","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of recycling techniques represents a potential solution to the plastic pollution issue. To date, only a limited number of plastic polymers can be efficiently recycled. In the Italian plastic waste stream, the residual, non-homogeneous fraction is called 'Plasmix' and is intended for low-value uses. However, Plasmix can be used to create new materials through mechanical recycling, which need to be tested for their eco-safety. This study aimed to investigate the potential toxicity of two amounts (0.1% and 1% MPs in soil weight) of microplastics (MPs) made of naïve and additivated Plasmix-based materials (Px and APx, respectively) on the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Changes in oxidative status and oxidative damage, survival, gross growth rate and reproductive output were considered as endpoints. Although earthworms ingested both MP types, earthworms did not suffer an oxidative stress condition or growth and reproductive impairments. The results suggested that exposure to low amounts of both MPs can be considered as safe for earthworms. However, further studies testing a higher amount or longer exposure time on different model species are necessary to complete the environmental risk assessment of these new materials.","PeriodicalId":508978,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140686630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oleanolic Acid Acetate Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Necroptosis In Vitro and In Vivo. 醋酸齐墩果酸通过抑制体内外细胞凋亡和坏死减轻顺铂诱导的肾毒性

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040301

Bori Lee, Yeonyong Kim, Seungwon Jeong, Seung Woong Lee, Seung-Jae Lee, Munchual Rho, Sang-Hyun Kim, Soyoung Lee

{"title":"Oleanolic Acid Acetate Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Necroptosis In Vitro and In Vivo.","authors":"Bori Lee, Yeonyong Kim, Seungwon Jeong, Seung Woong Lee, Seung-Jae Lee, Munchual Rho, Sang-Hyun Kim, Soyoung Lee","doi":"10.3390/toxics12040301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040301","url":null,"abstract":"Cisplatin is a widely used anti-cancer drug for treating solid tumors, but it is associated with severe side effects, including nephrotoxicity. Various studies have suggested that the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin could be overcome; nonetheless, an effective adjuvant drug has not yet been established. Oleanolic acid acetate (OAA), a triterpenoid isolated from Vigna angularis, is commonly used to treat inflammatory and allergic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of OAA against cisplatin-induced apoptosis and necroptosis using TCMK-1 cells and a mouse model. In cisplatin-treated TCMK-1 cells, OAA treatment significantly reduced Bax and cleaved-caspase3 expression, whereas it increased Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, in a cisplatin-induced kidney injury mouse model, OAA treatment alleviated weight loss in the body and major organs and also relieved cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity symptoms. RNA sequencing analysis of kidney tissues identified lipocalin-2 as the most upregulated gene by cisplatin. Additionally, necroptosis-related genes such as receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) were identified. In an in vitro study, the phosphorylation of RIPKs and MLKL was reduced by OAA pretreatment in both cisplatin-treated cells and cells boosted via co-treatment with z-VAD-FMK. In conclusion, OAA could protect the kidney from cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and may serve as an anti-cancer adjuvant.","PeriodicalId":508978,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low Doses of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Alone or in Combination with a Mycotoxin Binder Affect ABCB1 mRNA and ABCC2 mRNA Expression in the Intestines of Pigs. 低剂量的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮单独使用或与霉菌毒素粘合剂结合使用会影响猪肠道中 ABCB1 mRNA 和 ABCC2 mRNA 的表达。

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040297

N. Nikolov, Tsvetelina Petkova, R. Binev, A. Milanova

{"title":"Low Doses of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Alone or in Combination with a Mycotoxin Binder Affect ABCB1 mRNA and ABCC2 mRNA Expression in the Intestines of Pigs.","authors":"N. Nikolov, Tsvetelina Petkova, R. Binev, A. Milanova","doi":"10.3390/toxics12040297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040297","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxin binders, in combination with enzymes degrading some mycotoxins, contribute to feed detoxification. Their use reduces economic losses and the negative impacts of mycotoxins on animal health and productivity in farm animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a mycotoxin detoxifier on the expression of the ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters ABCB1 mRNA and ABCC2 mRNA, which transport xenobiotics and thus have a barrier function, in the tissues of pigs exposed to low doses of deoxynivalenol (DON, 1 mg/kg feed) and zearalenone (ZEN, 0.4 mg/kg feed) for 37 days. The levels of expression were determined by an RT-PCR, and the effect of the mycotoxin detoxifier (Mycofix Plus3.E) was evaluated by a comparison of results between healthy pigs (n = 6), animals treated with DON and ZEN (n = 6), and a group that received both mycotoxins and the detoxifier (n = 6). A significant downregulation of ABCB1 mRNA and ABCC2 mRNA was observed in the jejunum (p < 0.05). A tendencies toward the downregulation of ABCB1 mRNA and ABCC2 mRNA were found in the ileum and duodenum, respectively. The mycotoxin detoxifier restored the expression of ABCB1 mRNA to the level found in healthy animals but did not restore that of ABCC2 mRNA to the level of healthy animals in the jejunum.","PeriodicalId":508978,"journal":{"name":"Toxics","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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