Advances in Space Research最新文献

{"title":"Radiation-induced degradation in the properties of pristine and double-walled carbon nanotube-enhanced poly(2,5-benzimidazole) polymers for radiation shielding in the LEO","authors":"Bosco Oryema ,&nbsp;Lynndle Square ,&nbsp;Ernst Ellis","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Degradation in the properties of polymer-based materials in space environments is a critical challenge for developing lightweight radiation shielding solutions. In this paper, a comparative study of the impacts of helium ion (He⁺) irradiation one of the ion species in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environment on the structural and optical properties of pristine and 1.0 wt% double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT)-enhanced poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) polymers for LEO radiation shielding applications was conducted. The two polymer categories were separately chemically prepared in the laboratory, moulded, dried, and cut into 1 cm × 1 cm pieces, and bombarded with 0.35 MeV He⁺ ions at varying fluences. The Ultraviolet–Visible-Near-Infrared (UV–Vis-NIR) optical analyses of the polymers following the ion bombardment revealed that He⁺ irradiation considerably raises the Urbach energy and decreases the optical bandgap, indicating a rise in electronic defects and structural disorder. On the other hand, the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses revealed higher levels of structural degradation in the pristine ABPBI samples, suggesting changes brought about by irradiation-induced oxidation and chain scission processes. In contrast, the 1.0 wt% DWCNT-ABPBI composite demonstrated improved optical and structural integrity, retention, and resistance to He⁺ ion-induced damage. According to the results, 1.0 wt% DWCNT reinforcement reduces radiation-induced deterioration and offers more protection from energetic ion exposure in the LEO settings. Thus, this work highlights the distinct impact of He⁺ ion interactions with ABPBI and the effectiveness of DWCNT inclusion in improving polymer resilience, and it contributes to the fundamental understanding of the polymer composite for radiation shielding applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 9","pages":"Pages 5406-5418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stochastic dynamic network model of the space environment","authors":"Yirui Wang,&nbsp;Pietro De Marchi,&nbsp;Massimiliano Vasile","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes to model the space environment as a stochastic dynamic network where each node is a group of objects of a given class, or species, and their relationship is represented by stochastic links. A set of stochastic dynamic equations, governing the evolution of the network, are derived from the network structure and topology. It will be shown that the proposed system of stochastic dynamic equations well reproduces existing results on the evolution of the space environment. The analysis of the structure of the network and relationships among node can help to understand which species of objects and orbit regimes are more critical and affect the most the future evolution of the space environment. In analogy with ecological networks, we develop a theory of the carrying capacity of space based on the stability of equilibria of the network dynamics.</div><div>Some examples are presented starting from the current population of resident objects and different launch traffic forecast models. It will be shown how the proposed network model can be used to study the effect of the adoption of different policies on the execution of collision avoidance and post-mission disposal manoeuvres.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 9","pages":"Pages 5168-5198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of ecosystem carbon storage under land use/land cover dynamics in the coastal region of Central Vietnam","authors":"Viet Hoang Ho ,&nbsp;Hidenori Morita ,&nbsp;Thanh Ha Ho ,&nbsp;Felix Bachofer","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystem carbon storage is a cost-effective strategy for global climate change mitigation, and its fluctuation is markedly shaped by land use/land cover (LULC) dynamics. Taking Danang city as an example of Central Coastal Vietnam, this study aims to assess LULC changes and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon storage from 2023 to 2050 under four LULC change scenarios, including natural trend scenario (NTS), ecological protection scenario (EPS), economic development scenario (EDS), and cropland protection scenario (CPS), by integrating the support vector machine-cellular automata-Markov (SVM-CA-Markov) model and the InVEST model. The Optimal Parameters-based Geographical Detector (OPGD) model was subsequently employed to elucidate the impacts of driving factors on the spatial distribution of carbon storage. The results showed that, from 2007 to 2023, Danang city experienced a dramatic back-and-forth transformation between LULC types, with the predominant transitions being from natural forest to acacia tree-dominated plantation forest (6492.31 ha), and from cropland to settlements, acacia tree-dominated plantation forest, and other land (5483.05 ha, 3763.66 ha, 2762.35 ha, respectively). Between 2023 and 2050, LULC transformations in Danang city are projected to yield varying degrees of carbon storage levels across different scenarios. Specifically, carbon storage is anticipated to dwindle by 0.221 Mt, 0.223 Mt, and 0.298 Mt under NTS, EDS, and CPS, respectively, while enhancing by 0.141 Mt under EPS. Regarding the spatial distribution of carbon storage, high values will be chiefly found in the western high-elevation mountainous region, while low values will be concentrated mostly in the eastern lower-lying areas of the city. Additionally, elevation and temperature acted as the two most significant driving factors influencing the spatial distribution of carbon storage, with Q values of 0.88 and 0.86 (p-value &lt; 0.05), respectively. For interaction detection, the combination of elevation and soil exhibited a synergistic reinforcement effect on the spatial partitioning of carbon storage, with a high Q value of 0.9566 (p-value &lt; 0.05). Our study highlights the necessity of ecological conservation measures in Danang city in the on-track pursuit of national net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 9","pages":"Pages 4815-4837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A broad climatology of very high latitude (∼75°) substorms: An update","authors":"Anand K. Singh ,&nbsp;Navin Parihar ,&nbsp;Shailendra Saini ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Rashmi Rawat ,&nbsp;Vladimir Belakhovsky ,&nbsp;Wojciech J. Miloch ,&nbsp;Gopi Seemala ,&nbsp;A.K. Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the process of transient solar wind energy transfer into the near-Earth environment, extremely intense currents are often observed in the nightside polar ionosphere. Auroral brightening is generally accompanied with the current intensification. The westward electrojet leads to a sharp magnetic field depression in the horizontal component around <span><math><mrow><mn>65</mn><mi>°</mi></mrow></math></span> magnetic latitude in the midnight meridian. It typically marks the onset of a geomagnetic substorm. During the course of a substorm, the auroral electrojet expands in local time and also poleward from the location of onset. In our earlier study <span><span>Singh et al. (2012)</span></span>, we presented the magnetic signatures of the polar substorms using about 100 days data from the Indian Antarctic station - Bharati (CGM coordinates <span><math><mrow><mn>74.83</mn><mi>°</mi></mrow></math></span>S, <span><math><mrow><mn>98.60</mn><mi>°</mi></mrow></math></span> E) in conjunction with the data from a near-conjugate station Hornsund (CGM coordinates <span><math><mrow><mn>74.46</mn><mi>°</mi></mrow></math></span>N, <span><math><mrow><mn>107.34</mn><mi>°</mi></mrow></math></span>E) in the Arctic. This study utilizes long-term (2013–22) magnetic field observations from the same stations. It is observed that the westward electrojet (WEJ) often expands to about <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>75</mn><mi>°</mi></mrow></math></span> magnetic latitudes in both hemispheres. A modified version of <span><span>Newell and Gjerloev (2011)</span></span> algorithm has been used to identify substorm-like WEJ intensification (hereafter substorm) over the stations. Their characteristics over a time scale of the solar cycle to the diurnal have been investigated. The hemispherical comparison of the time of onset, and occurrence and intensity of substorms with the solar illumination of the ionosphere has been carried out.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 9","pages":"Pages 5546-5555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Temporal variability in low-frequency radio interference: Insight from high-cadence monitoring at a candidate radio notification zone in Malaysia” [Adv. Space Res. 76(3) (2025) 1832–1853]","authors":"Affan Adly Nazri ,&nbsp;Zamri Zainal Abidin ,&nbsp;Mohamad Ridhauddin Mat Sabri ,&nbsp;Zulfazli Rosli ,&nbsp;Mohd Shaiful Rizal Hassan ,&nbsp;Mohd Shazwan Mohd Radzi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Najwan Zulkiplee ,&nbsp;Dalilah Nur Fathiah Hanim Razak ,&nbsp;Norsyazwani Asmi ,&nbsp;Jinsong Ping ,&nbsp;Mingyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Liang Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.07.090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.07.090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 9","pages":"Pages 5794-5795"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel integrated GIS-AI framework for optimal CSP plant site selection: a multi-criteria approach under climate change scenarios in Bushehr, Iran","authors":"Sahar Ghiyas ,&nbsp;Delaram Sikarudi ,&nbsp;Meisam Jafari","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimal site selection for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants remains a significant challenge in renewable energy planning, particularly in regions facing climate change impacts. This study addresses this challenge by developing an integrated framework for CSP site selection in Bushehr Province, Iran. We employed Geographic Information Systems with fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis to evaluate 18 criteria across six categories (climatic, topographic, infrastructural, environmental, socio-economic, and technical). The Analytic Hierarchy Process determined criteria weights, while climate projections were generated using the RegCM4 model under the RCP 4.5 scenario. Machine learning algorithms, specifically Random Forest and Convolutional Neural Networks, enhanced spatial prediction accuracy by 12.7 % compared to conventional methods. Results identified 5.37 % (approximately 1246 km2) of the province as highly suitable for CSP development, with these areas demonstrating positive economic returns under Monte Carlo simulation-based Cost-Benefit Analysis. This framework’s primary innovation lies in its seamless integration of spatial analysis, climate modeling, and artificial intelligence techniques to support sustainable energy planning in arid regions experiencing climate variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 9","pages":"Pages 5146-5167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiframe spatio-temporal attention motion-adaptive network for moving space target detection","authors":"Yuxi Guo ,&nbsp;Junzhe Cao ,&nbsp;Bindang Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Space target detection based on optical observations is a fundamental approach for space situational awareness. However, in ground-based optical images, space targets often resemble stars, making single-frame differentiation challenging. The dense stellar background with high dynamic range further complicates object extraction. In real-world scenarios, varying relative motion between objects and the observation platform induces diverse apparent speeds, scales, and shapes, posing challenges for existing methods to exploit multiframe motion cues effectively, thereby limiting detection performance. To address these challenges, we propose the Multiframe Spatio-temporal Attention Motion-adaptive Network (MSAMNet) for robust small moving target detection in complex backgrounds. MSAMNet integrates Adaptive Attention Feature Enhancement (AAFE) and Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Motion-Aware (STDMA) modules to enhance spatio-temporal feature representation. AAFE generates attention maps based on channel-wise differences and local feature distributions to suppress noise and highlight target details. STDMA captures motion features across consecutive frames through exponential decay weighting and multi-scale heterogeneous kernel convolution, improving sensitivity to diverse motion patterns. Furthermore, we introduce BUAA-MSOD, the first open-source dataset of multiple moving space objects in real-world scenarios, covering diverse motion patterns and target morphologies with both mask and point-level annotations. Experimental results demonstrate that MSAMNet significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods on BUAA-MSOD, achieving higher detection accuracy and lower false alarm rates across various space targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 9","pages":"Pages 5383-5405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The modernization of interstate space dispute settlement mechanisms","authors":"Luping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Of all specialized dispute settlement mechanisms, the settlement of space disputes has attracted relatively little attention in recent years. A few scholars have addressed this issue with a disproportionate emphasis on diplomatic channels. The rationale for that is that space disputes occur in rare cases, and thus the corresponding research can wait to be materialized in the future. This article argues that the future is now, if not already delayed. In fact, given the rapid development of space technology and the active involvement of private actors, the old model designed by outer space treaties needs to be modernized. Modernized space dispute settlement mechanisms may learn from the experience of air law dispute settlement mechanisms and apply the private ordering theory to practice. Space dispute settlement mechanisms may be sectorized with designs of explicit dispute settlement clauses and enhanced capacity building through institutions and rulemaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 9","pages":"Pages 5535-5545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A forecasting framework for galactic cosmic ray flux in space weather applications","authors":"David Pelosi ,&nbsp;Fernando Barão ,&nbsp;Bruna Bertucci ,&nbsp;Francesco Faldi ,&nbsp;Emanuele Fiandrini ,&nbsp;Alejandro Reina Conde ,&nbsp;Miguel Orcinha ,&nbsp;Nicola Tomassetti","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intensity and energy spectrum of galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere are significantly influenced by the 11-year solar cycle,a phenomenon known as solar modulation. Understanding this effect and its underlying physical mechanisms is essential for assessing radiation exposure and associated risks during space missions. Starting from a previously developed effective predictive model of solar modulation, validated using cosmic-ray flux measurements from space-based detectors such as PAMELA and AMS-02, we build a generalizable forecasting strategy for the long-term evolution of cosmic-ray fluxes. This strategy is based on identifying delayed cross-correlation relationships between solar proxies and the model’s parameters. It integrates recent findings on time lags between cosmic ray fluxes and solar activity, and incorporates advanced time-series signal processing techniques. The framework not only performs well in reproducing observed data, but also shows strong potential for applications in space radiation monitoring and forecasting. By efficiently capturing the long-term variability of galactic cosmic rays, our approach contributes valuable insights for evaluating radiation risks, ultimately supporting safer and more effective space exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 9","pages":"Pages 5700-5713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal features of seismo-ionospheric influence revealed by the Swarm-B satellite","authors":"Mei Li ,&nbsp;Hongzhu Yan ,&nbsp;Tianyu Liu ,&nbsp;Dapeng Liu ,&nbsp;Xiliang Liu ,&nbsp;Yajing Gao ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Handong Tan ,&nbsp;Xuhui Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.08.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the electron density data measured by Swarm-B for more than three years are utilized to search for perturbations by keeping space size 20–300 s via software and total 195,990 perturbations have been attained globally. The distributions of these perturbations significantly exhibit three high perturbation density belts: the EIA and the mid-latitude ionospheric anomaly are highlighted by large space-scale disturbances, e.g., beyond 200 s, while the auroral trough is full of large amplitude ones, e.g., more than 100 %. Geomagnetic storms can heavily enhance the plasma variations even more than 100 %. By eliminating these irrelevant perturbations and ones out of ±65° latitudes, the rest 54,439 perturbations with amplitude ≤100 % and space-scale ≤120 s are kept to correlate with global de-clustered 3577 <em>M</em> ≥ 5.0 earthquakes within 15 days in time and 1500 km in space. The statistical results exhibit that the seismo-ionospheric influence predominately appears 5 days before and obviously shifts from the epicenters, e.g., 500–700 km, instead right above them. To check further whether this spatial feature is a combined effect from different latitude earthquakes or not, the plasma effects from two group earthquakes of 742 occurring out of ±40° latitudes and 2307 within ±30° latitudes are also examined. The results demonstrate that the ionospheric influence is centered the epicenter within 600 km for ‘higher’ latitude events and at least 900 km away from it for ‘lower’ ones, which crucially concretes the LAI coupling mechanism that the seismogenic current predominately propagates along the magnetic lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"76 9","pages":"Pages 5672-5687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}