Advances in Space Research最新文献

{"title":"Deciphering mineralogical and compositional variations in lunar Basin, Mare Fecunditatis: An in-depth analysis using hyperspectral remote sensing techniques","authors":"Joyita Thapa ,&nbsp;Koyel Sur ,&nbsp;Mamta Chauhan ,&nbsp;Biswajit Ghosh ,&nbsp;Abhik Kundu ,&nbsp;Eaineesh Pundir ,&nbsp;Vipan Kumar Verma ,&nbsp;Prakash Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analysis of Mare Fecunditatis with hyperspectral data derived from ISRO’s Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) presents a detailed spectral analysis of the basalts comprising the Fecunditatis basin, revealing a complex geological history marked by multiple episodes of volcanism and varied mineral compositions. The analysis, based on M3 data, identifies the presence of sub-calcic pyroxenes such as pigeonite, augite, high calcium pyroxene in TiO₂ rich basalts, olivine in composite with other minerals in the interior of the basin, and orthopyroxene towards the periphery of the basin. The study also highlights positive correlation between the presence of rilles and domes, with the occurrence of high TiO₂-bearing basalt, suggesting a dynamic geological past. The dispersion of mare basalts with high TiO₂ concentration across the basin provides further insights into the lunar surface. Additionally, the study of impact craters reveals the presence of spinel-bearing lithologies, offering a glimpse into the deeper lunar crust. These findings contribute to our understanding of the geology of Mare Fecunditatis and provide information for lunar crustal exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 4","pages":"Pages 4080-4098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical analysis of TEC anomalies as earthquake precursors using GPS data for the case study of Assam, India","authors":"Timangshu Chetia,&nbsp;Saurabh Baruah,&nbsp;Santanu Baruah,&nbsp;Ashim Gogoi","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Northeast India, 17 earthquakes with Mw &gt; 4.1 were recorded, with 14 of them preceded by significant anomalies in ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC). Probability analysis showed that if TEC anomalies exceed 2σ for over 16 days, there is an 80 % likelihood of an earthquake. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a low R² (∼0.017) between hourly TEC and factors like Dst, Ap-Index, IMF-Bz, and F10.7. However, the models for hourly data were significant (p ∼2.08x10^-14). Hence, we used multiple regressions on daily data to identify hours when independent variables best explained TEC variability. The study aims to develop a model to determine the epicentral distance, precursory time, and magnitude of potential near-field earthquakes in the Tezpur (Eastern Himalaya) region, based on TEC anomaly peaks. However, Mw &gt; 4.1 earthquakes may not always show TEC perturbations due to factors like geography, solar activity, and radon. The findings are thoroughly discussed in the manuscript.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 4","pages":"Pages 3743-3760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annular solar eclipse effects observed over Mexico on October 14, 2023: A multi-instrument study","authors":"M.A. Sergeeva ,&nbsp;J.A. Gonzalez-Esparza ,&nbsp;O.A. Maltseva ,&nbsp;J.H. Castro-Chacon ,&nbsp;V.J. Gatica-Acevedo ,&nbsp;A. Melgarejo-Morales ,&nbsp;I.D. Orrala Legorreta ,&nbsp;X. Chiappa ,&nbsp;R. Bonifaz ,&nbsp;M.E. González-Álvarez ,&nbsp;A. Vesnin ,&nbsp;P. Corona-Romero ,&nbsp;M. Rodriguez-Martinez ,&nbsp;L.X. Gonzalez ,&nbsp;E. Cabral-Cano ,&nbsp;V.V. Shumaev ,&nbsp;E. Aguilar-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;J.C. Mejia-Ambriz ,&nbsp;M. Reyes-Ruiz ,&nbsp;A.G. Chernov ,&nbsp;P. Villanueva","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study reports results of the unique experiment during the annular solar eclipse of October 14, 2023, over in Mexico. Vertical and oblique sounding, satellite, magnetometer, solarimetric and GNSS-derived data were used. Eclipse parameters were reconstructed at different heights. The southeastward eclipse penumbra movement intensified the electron density (<em>Ne</em>) decrease caused by the regular byte-out. The westward movement of the ionospheric structures with time (diurnal <em>Ne</em> maximum and the poleward side of EIA) related to the midday hour mitigated this decrease to some extent. The influence of the poleward side of the northern EIA crest on the eclipse day was noticeable in latitudes lower ∼21°N. The largest decrease of foF2 by 2.67 MHz (21.89 %) and F2MOF by 2.49 MHz (16.6 %) were observed ∼67 and ∼75 min after the eclipse maximal phase, respectively<em>.</em> Two-hop mode propagation was affected earlier and stronger than one-hop. F1 layer was absent at some hours due to the decreased ionization flux. Es layer was partially absent and, when appeared, showed its decreased electron concentration. The absorption level decreased due to the weakened solar ionization flux. ∼(43–45)% of the electron density decrease registered with vTEC occurred above the F2 layer and was faster than in the F2 layer because the eclipse passage tangential velocity was higher at the higher heights. The <em>Ne</em> recovery was much slower than its decrease and with almost the same rate of change in F2 layer and the above heights. The maximal Sun’s and Moon’s discs <em>Overlap</em> was not the leading factor in vTEC response. Sun’s elevation and eclipse velocity played an important role. vTEC response end was not defined by the eclipse end. Atmospheric acoustic-gravity waves originating from the eclipse passage caused a spectrum of ionospheric irregularities. Crescent- and knot-type small-scale TIDs were typical in vertical sounding ionograms. Filtered sTEC series revealed the individual small-to-medium scale TIDs triggered by the fronts of the forward quasi-oval eclipse contours of <em>Overlap</em> ≤ 0.6 and backward contours of <em>Overlap</em> ≤ 0.8. The contours of 0.01 ≤ <em>Overlap</em> ≤ 0.952 were responsible for wave-packet medium-scale TIDs. D2fi small-scale weak turbulences were triggered by the atmospheric perturbations below the ionosphere which in turn were caused by the annular eclipse (<em>Overlap</em> = 0.952). All TIDs lived after the eclipse end. The recombination of O+ was less compensated by the photoionization during the eclipse and the thermospheric O/N₂ ratio increased. At the ground level, under <em>Overlap</em> = <em>0</em>.8, the solar irradiance decreased by ∼(78–92) % in the short-wave and by ∼(4–6) % in the long-wave range, and the air temperature decreased by −2 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 4","pages":"Pages 3761-3790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive output-feedback fault-tolerant control for space manipulator via actor-critic learning","authors":"Yuwan Yin,&nbsp;Xin Ning,&nbsp;Dongdong Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, an adaptive output-feedback fault-tolerant control methodology is investigated for the trajectory tracking of space manipulator in the presence of actuator failures, unavailability of the joint velocity, inertia uncertainty and unknown external disturbance. First, to reduce the difficulties in controller design caused by the unmeasured joint velocity of the space manipulator, an effective and simple model transformation scheme based on a first-order filter is proposed to transform the original output feedback system with unknown dynamics into a full-state strict feedback system. Second, by virtue of the combination of a smooth saturation function and the mean value theorem, the negative effects of actuator failures can be effectively addressed. Then, drawing support from the backstepping technique and the reinforcement learning (RL) strategy based on an actor-critic neural network (NN) framework, a novel RL based adaptive control (RLAC) scheme is designed, which not only circumvents the ”explosion of terms” typically arising in backstepping technique, but also incorporates feedback mechanism into the space manipulator control system. Moreover, by utilizing the model transformation and the RLAC scheme, the proposed control method is model-free and insensitive to external disturbance. Finally, the effectiveness superiority of the proposed scheme is verified by numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 4","pages":"Pages 3914-3932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomalous individuals searching framework for space debris detection in single optical astronomical image","authors":"Han Wang ,&nbsp;Guoyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Luyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Siyang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhihua Shen ,&nbsp;Xia Yang ,&nbsp;Xiangpeng Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.11.057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.11.057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing concern over space debris, effective space surveillance is significant to prevent potential collisions. Traditional approaches often design specific algorithms for distinct surveillance tasks, thereby neglecting the shared aspects across these tasks. Such methods frequently exhibit limited robustness, particularly when confronted with external interference or shifts in scene dynamics. This study introduces a space debris detection framework within single astronomical image, conceptualizing the task as an anomalous individuals searching challenge. The framework is structured around three core modules: individuals extraction, feature extraction and anomaly detection. Utilizing this framework, a versatile methodology is designed, which has been rigorously tested across two primary observational contexts. According to the similarity between ideal and actual imaging, our method begins by extracting sources within a normalized correlation space. It then compiles a comprehensive feature matrix for each source, encompassing motion, intensity, and morphological attributes. By exploiting the inherent low-rank characteristics and sparsity of the feature matrix, we identify foundational feature vectors for stars. Anomalous sources are subsequently identified via the Mahalanobis distance, facilitating the identification of targets. The method is validated through both simulated and actual observed datasets, with 97.7% average detection accuracy, outperforms than eight classical methods across various scenarios. Given the modular nature of the framework, each component can be refined to accommodate more complex situations. Moreover, the uniform anomaly scores generated offer valuable confidence for subsequent tracking algorithms, which underscore the potential of the framework in advancing practical space surveillance endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 4","pages":"Pages 3820-3837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunneling of acoustic-gravity waves through critical levels to the upper atmosphere","authors":"N.M. Gavrilov ,&nbsp;S.P. Kshevetskii ,&nbsp;A.V. Koval ,&nbsp;Yu.A. Kurdyaeva","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a high-resolution nonlinear numerical model, simulations are performed to study the propagation of acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) from the troposphere into the upper atmosphere. These simulations take into account background wind profiles containing critical levels, where the horizontal wind velocity becomes equal to the horizontal AGW phase speed. According to conventional linear theories of atmospheric waves, the vertical wavelength approaches zero near critical levels, resulting in strong dissipation of AGWs propagating from the troposphere and preventing them from reaching the upper atmosphere. Our numerical simulations are carried out using wave sources in the form of plain wave perturbations of vertical velocity, propagating along the Earth’s surface. Jet streams in the atmosphere are approximated by Gaussian profiles of the mean zonal wind with maxima located at altitudes of 110 km and 50 km. Calculations reveal that AGW amplitudes are significantly reduced above the high-altitude critical levels. For the critical levels at altitudes 30–70 km, part of wave energy can penetrate through them and propagate further into the upper atmosphere. In the nonlinear model, increased generation of secondary wave modes occur near the critical level. Therefore, modes with vertical wavelengths longer than that of the primary AGW dominate at altitudes exceeding 130 km, where amplitudes of these secondary waves may surpass the amplitudes of the primary AGW in the absence of middle atmosphere critical levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 4","pages":"Pages 3661-3670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-level prescribed performance control for rigid spacecraft attitude tracking under actuator faults","authors":"Qin Huang ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.11.070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.11.070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problem of prescribed performance attitude tracking control for rigid spacecraft with external disturbance, inertia uncertainties and actuator faults on special orthogonal group SO(3) is investigated in this paper. With the aid of a novel Lyapunov function, a double-level prescribed performance controller is devised to ensure both attitude and angular velocity tracking errors converge within preset performance boundaries. By applying the suggested controller, the setting time, overshoot and steady-state error of both attitude and angular velocity tracking errors can be regulated by preset performance boundaries getting rid of the initial conditions of the control system. Distinguished from the exist prescribed performance controllers, a stricter performance boundary for angular velocity tracking error can be achieved. For the lumped disturbance which stems from the unknown external disturbance, inertia uncertainties and actuator faults, an extended state observer with linear feedback functions is initially designed to provide an estimation with simple structure. Rigorous proofs within a Lyapunov framework and comparison simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the suggested control strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 4","pages":"Pages 3950-3966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensuring high integrity of GNSS precise orbit and clock products based on performance-assured sliding-window innovation test","authors":"Yingchao Xiao,&nbsp;Xingqun Zhan,&nbsp;Shizhuang Wang,&nbsp;Yawei Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise Point Positioning – Real-Time Kinematic (PPP-RTK) can offer fast and accurate positioning services by employing raw measurements from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) along with precise satellite orbit, clock, bias, and atmospheric products. Incorrect orbit and clock products may threaten the generation of satellite bias and atmospheric products, leading to hazardously misleading information at the user end. Therefore, their integrity monitoring is of great importance for achieving safety-assured PPP-RTK. There had been a few studies focusing on fault detection of precise orbit and clock products. However, they paid little attention to theoretically quantify the integrity performance of the detectors, thereby being unable to provide reliable integrity support message and be applied in Protection Level (PL) calculation. In response, a dedicated sliding-window innovation-based integrity monitoring detector is designed for precise orbit and clock products, whose integrity performance can be guaranteed. To achieve this, innovation-based test statistics utilized in this paper is constructed step by step from raw measurement equations. After analyzing the drawback of performance degradation using snapshot-based detection method, the sliding-window innovation-based detector is designed to detect the faults in orbit and clock products, with a special focus on small ramp errors. Then, the theoretical performance of the designed detector considering the requirement of integrity is analytically derived. The theoretical optimal window length is also analyzed. Simulations are carried out for performance verification. Comparing to snapshot-based method, sliding window method has better performance on ramp fault detection, even with very short window length.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 4","pages":"Pages 3340-3349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the spatiotemporal variations of GNSS precipitable water and characteristics during drought period based on the empirical Tm model in Yunnan, China","authors":"Jun Tang ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Cao ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Hu ,&nbsp;Wenjie Peng ,&nbsp;Chaoqian Xu ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precipitable water vapor (PWV) as an important parameter of atmospheric water vapor can be obtained through global navigation satellite system (GNSS), which offers high-precision observations in all-weather conditions. It is difficult for the current meteorological observing systems to measure PWV under extreme weather conditions. GNSS-derived PWV has high temporal and spatial resolutions, being a reliable and stable data source for meteorology. In this study, we establish an empirical model for the atmospheric weighted mean temperature (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) in Yunnan, China based on radiosonde data collected from 2020 to 2022. The model is verified by assessing its accuracy using measurements of four radiosondes in 2023. The results show that the empirical <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> model is more accurate compared to other widely used models such as GPT2w model, Li model, and Bevis model. The root mean square (RMS) of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> obtained from the empirical models are 3.5 K, 2.3 K, 2.1 K and 2.1 K with average bias of −0.10 K, 0.22 K, 0.04 K, and 0.32 K, respectively. We use GNSS to obtain PWV and validate the GNSS-derived PWV using data from the radiosonde station in Kunming, Yunnan. The GNSS PWV is consistent with the PWV measured by the radiosondes. The RMS of the GNSS-PWV of the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 are 3 mm, 2.2 mm, and 2.9 mm, respectively, and the GNSS-PWV is confirmed to have a higher accuracy compared to others. Additionally, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal variations of GNSS PWV over Yunnan in 2021. The result shows that GNSS-derived PWV varies with geographic location and season and is significantly related to precipitation. Through the analysis of PWV during drought periods in 2021 and comparison with the same period in 2020 and 2022, we find that PWV is significantly lower in 2021 than in the same period of other years. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of PWV is crucial for meteorological monitoring and weather forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 4","pages":"Pages 3350-3361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remotely sensed atmospheric anomalies of the 2022 Mw 7.0 Bantay, Philippines earthquake","authors":"Sohrab Khan ,&nbsp;Munawar Shah ,&nbsp;Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny ,&nbsp;Mostafa R. Abukhadra ,&nbsp;Majid Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Remote sensing satellites have emerged as invaluable tools for surveilling natural disasters with more inevitable insights at various altitudes in atmosphere for various precursors. Moreover, the methods and satellite data before and after any event need more understanding for predicting the main shock due to the complexity of precursors. This study involves data from multiple sensors to assess how atmospheric parameters change in space and time over the Mw 7.0 Bantay, Philippines epicenter. The methods of statistical analysis, Nonlinear Autoregressive Network with Exogenous Inputs (NARX), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) are applied to various atmospheric parameters, including Land Surface Temperature (LST), Air Temperature (AT), Relative Humidity (RH), and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) to identify abnormal atmospheric patterns associated with earthquakes (EQ). These analyses focus on 3–5 days before the earthquake day. For this purpose, we trained daily average indices of atmospheric parameters for the month leading up to and the 15 days following the main shock. Since variations are irregular, detection can be challenging with classical statistics; therefore, we leveraged supervised machine learning to detect anomalies promptly and minimize the chances of missed detection. Thus, these findings support the lithosphere-atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC) hypothesis and suggest the need for further investigation in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 4","pages":"Pages 3692-3704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}