Advances in Space Research最新文献

{"title":"Preface: Science and applied research with small satellites","authors":"Loren C. Chang, Margaret Ann Shea Guest Editors","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.03.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 9","pages":"Pages 6571-6573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the antenna characteristics on sea surface parameters estimated from low- and high-resolution satellite altimetry","authors":"Christopher Buchhaupt ,&nbsp;Alejandro Egido ,&nbsp;Salvatore Dinardo ,&nbsp;Claire Maraldi ,&nbsp;Thomas Moreau ,&nbsp;Luciana Fenoglio","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present an extension to existing numerical retrackers of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) altimetry signals considering a non Gaussian antenna characteristic. To our knowledge at the time of writing, this manuscript presents the most consistent retrieval of geophysical parameters compared to Low Resolution Mode (LRM) retracking results. The novelty is an approximation of the theoretical antenna pattern with a sum of three Gaussian functions to mitigate the sea surface height estimation errors for Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-6A in SAR mode. Additionally, we explain offsets in the derived closed-form equation and describe the mean along-track water velocity <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> (later mean line of sight velocity) as function of eastward and northward wind This allows us to mitigate the effects of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> in a SAR stack and a lookup table is generated to correct the sea surface height estimates in SAR mode. Further on, we discuss how this new approach performs with respect to different antenna pattern implementations by processing five months (cycles 72 to 76) of Sentinel-3A and six months (cycles 17 to 42) of Sentinel-6A level 1A data on a global scale. We observe that the new retracking method is, on average, more accurate with respect to LRM. To ensure that the results of the new retracker are not biased, we retrack using the new and the current state-of-the-art method on Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-6A data produced in a Monte Carlo simulation. We analyze the simulation results with respect to the accuracy of sea level anomalies as function of the significant wave height (SWH), considering as reference the LRM sea level anomalies. We show that the accuracy of the new antenna characterization is higher compared to a single Gaussian approximation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 8","pages":"Pages 6140-6157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of solar activity on geomagnetic disturbances over cycles 23 and 24","authors":"Eid A. Amin ,&nbsp;Abdelrazek M.K. Shaltout ,&nbsp;Ali G.A. Abdelkawy ,&nbsp;M.M. Beheary ,&nbsp;R. Abdelhamid ,&nbsp;Amira Shimeis","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the relationship between the geomagnetic storms and solar events, building a reliable catalog of multi-geomagnetic storms in <strong>a period of August 1996 - December 2019</strong>. We analyze the effect of the solar activity on geomagnetic storms and their characteristics from various sources for the solar and solar wind datasets, including the minimum–maximum phases of cycles 23 and 24. Geomagnetic activities are higher in cycle 23 than cycle 24. We ultimately picked up 104 geomagnetic storms resulting from solar and interplanetary space (IP) sources with min-Dst index <span><math><mrow><mo>⩽</mo></mrow></math></span>-100 nT. We obtain a correlation coefficient (CC) between the average sunspot numbers (SSNs) and count number of events with a strong correlation of CC = 0.73. We found that most of the storms are associated with the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares. These storms are rarely associated with other events. We obtain the average CME speed contributed with geomagnetic storms of <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 876 km/s, and find a medium correlation coefficient (R = 0.61) typically from the CME speed and the disturbance storm time (Dst) index. We noticed that events out of 54 (63<span><math><mrow><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span>) are full halo CMEs and 32 (37<span><math><mrow><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span>) are narrower and/or partial halo CMEs. We found that there exist seven largest storms with magnetic H component <span><math><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo></mrow></math></span> 400 nT associated with severe and extreme storms during solar cycle 23. We present statistical analysis of 104 geomagnetic storms, where the multi-sources data are the solar wind speed, Dst-index, Ap-index, Kp-index, auroral electrojet (AE) index and north–south component of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF-Bz). We studied these storms based on their associations with CMEs, solar flares and CIRs in this period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 8","pages":"Pages 6553-6570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A satellite fault detection system based on telemetry data using statistical process control and time-domain feature extraction","authors":"Varsha Parthasarathy,&nbsp;Sajad Saraygord Afshari,&nbsp;Philip Ferguson","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In spacecraft operations, accurately detecting anomalies in telemetry is essential but often requires complex, time-consuming methods. With the growing number of low-earth orbit missions, there is an urgent need to streamline this process. In this paper, we introduce an efficient real-time fault detection system that specifically addresses three critical faults within a spacecraft’s power subsystem: loss of solar string(s), increase in the battery’s internal resistance, and excessive power consumption. We apply industrial statistical process control and time-domain feature extraction techniques to create algorithms for enhanced fault detection. Our approach involves extensive simulations using a dynamic model of the power subsystem, allowing us to develop a method that is both innovative and practical. This research represents a step forward in the field, as we utilize statistical process control for real-time health monitoring of spacecraft, providing a more efficient and accurate means of analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 9","pages":"Pages 6863-6881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The space environment particle density in Low Earth Orbit based on two decades of in situ observation","authors":"Soumaya Azzi ,&nbsp;Xanthi Oikonomidou ,&nbsp;Stijn Lemmens","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently the only method to establish the prevalence of particles, space debris or meteoroids, sized between 1 micrometre and a few centimetres, in Earth orbit is by instruments or witness plates dedicated to in situ detection. Derived usable datasets are remarkably scarce and cover varying time periods and constrained orbital regions. Nonetheless, space environment models use those limited datasets as anchor points to extrapolate results to the entirety of Earth orbit, from the beginning of the space age to decades into the future. Here we present a readout of over 20 years of Sensor Unit 1 (SU-1) of DEBris In orbit Evaluator 1 (DEBIE-1), an in situ detector that was launched in October 2001, providing the longest continuous set of measurements available to date. The dataset has not been used in the generation of space environment models and hence provides a first independent source for the detection of environment changing events and for the calibration of long term evolution models. The DEBIE-1 SU-1 measurements, which primarily capture ejecta, meteoroids, and small debris fragments, were compared with predictions from ESA’s MASTER model. While general alignment in flux trends was observed, notable deviations occurred during certain periods. DEBIE-1 SU-1 recorded increased impact rates following major fragmentation events. However, no direct correlation was established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 8","pages":"Pages 6394-6405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economical extraction of platinum from main belt asteroids","authors":"Peter J. Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metallic M−class asteroids may contain 20 to 100 parts per million (ppm) of platinum-group metals (PGM), dissolved within a nickel–iron matrix. Economic extraction of these resources has been elusive. This work introduces two new architectures to produce 43 metric tons (MT) of PGM from a Main Belt asteroid within a 12-month mission duration. A cornerstone of this capability is the transmutation of lunar thorium to the isotope uranium-233. Fission reactors loaded with lunar-sourced fuel pins are used for rapid transport as well as for electric power to refine the metals. A key safety bonus with fission fuel produced on the Moon is that no radioactive materials need to be launched through Earth’s atmosphere. Neutrons are required for transmuting thorium, so a non-radioactive compact accelerator neutron source (CANS) is designed for this purpose, as well as for heating and refining of the asteroidal ore. The concept of operations begins with a precursor mission of five-months duration to the lunar surface, followed by soft landing of an ascent rocket to loft the U-233 to Low Lunar Orbit (LLO). A rendezvous in LLO with Earth-launched hardware, including a (not yet radioactive) nuclear thermal rocket (NTR), is followed by a three-month transit to a 250 m diameter asteroid orbiting Sol at 2.5 to 3.5 AU. A unique feature of this class of architecture is a circumferential track around which a processing bogie orbits. Crucibles containing molten metal face inward, towards the asteroid. As the transition metals are boiled off at 1728 K, they impinge on the regolith surface. As a result, the asteroid becomes (partly) encased in a thick layer of steel. When evaporation is complete at this temperature, a nugget of PGM remains held within the crucible, ready for extraction. Techno-economic analysis shows that one of these architectures can achieve economic self-sufficiency upon completion of the first one-year mission. The other architecture requires two missions to reach cost breakeven, but is more easily re-used. Both approaches build an enduring lunar infrastructure that can support many such missions, plus a wide range of habitation needs and additional in situ resource utilization (ISRU) applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 8","pages":"Pages 6132-6139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study of performance and thrust control characteristics of N2O-based rotating gliding arc thrusters","authors":"Jeongrak Lee ,&nbsp;Seonghyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Anna Lee ,&nbsp;Hongjae Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent growth of the launch vehicle market has made orbit access more affordable and expanded the range of mission types and orbits, requiring customized propulsion systems with high flexibility. In this study, a novel electro-chemical thruster with an N₂O monopropellant and AC-powered rotating gliding arc (RGA) was proposed. Furthermore, the thruster propulsion performance and thrust control characteristics as a function of the N₂O flow rate and applied power were systematically analyzed. The RGA thruster rotated the arc by using the swirl flow and repeated AC arc discharge. The thruster can maintain a stable discharge at maximum chamber pressures of up to approximately seven times the atmospheric pressure. Additionally, the thruster could achieve instantaneous N₂O decomposition without the use of a catalyst, and the remaining electrical power after decomposition could be used to heat products, resulting in enhanced performance. Under all experimental conditions, the characteristic velocity efficiency exceeded 100 %, with a maximum efficiency of 136.5 %. Additionally, the concept of effective temperature was introduced to simplify performance predictions for the RGA thruster. The effective gas temperature under these conditions was estimated to be 3410 K, and the vacuum-specific impulse was calculated to be 278.9 s, which was higher than the specific impulse of 202.8 s for chemically decomposed N₂O. Thrust control experiments confirmed that the N₂O flow rate and applied power could be independently controlled, enabling precise target thrust generation. This result revealed that both continuous and discrete thrust control based on impulse bits are viable and satisfy the high maneuverability and flexibility demands of space missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 8","pages":"Pages 6118-6131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient and global method for orbit uncertainty propagation near irregular-shaped asteroids","authors":"Xuefen Zhang,&nbsp;Haibin Shang,&nbsp;Jucheng Lu,&nbsp;Zichen Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asteroid close-proximity missions, such as orbiting, hovering, and landing, face significant dynamical challenges owing to the irregular and highly perturbed gravitational field. Orbital uncertainty plays a key role in close-proximity operations around asteroids. This study seeks to develop an efficient and global approach for dealing with orbit uncertainty propagation in an asteroid dynamical environment. First, to achieve global applicability and enhance efficiency, the quadrature-based polyhedral model is employed to represent the gravity of the irregularly shaped asteroid. The solar radiation pressure and the Sun’s third-body gravity are considered to ensure the accuracy of the dynamic model. Second, the Analytic Continuation technique, originally developed for the perturbed two-body problem, is expanded to compute higher-order State Transition Tensors (STTs) of the high-fidelity dynamics. Recursive formulas for the time derivatives of STTs are obtained using the Leibniz product rule, enabling the STTs to be conveniently approximated through arbitrary-order Taylor series. Finally, by incorporating adaptive time steps and expansion order, an efficient algorithm for predicting the orbit state probability density function is developed. The orbit near the irregularly shaped, dog-bone-like asteroid 216 Kleopatra is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Numerical simulations confirm the global applicability of the proposed method for uncertainty propagation, even for orbits involving multiple close flybys over the asteroid. Using only the fourth-order STT achieves results similar to full-scale Monte Carlo simulations with 50,000 samples but only needs 3% of the computational effort. These results strongly demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is a suitable tool for uncertainty propagation in asteroid exploration mission analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 8","pages":"Pages 6406-6424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive survey of the GEO-belt using simultaneous four-colour observations with STING","authors":"Robert J.S. Airey ,&nbsp;Paul Chote ,&nbsp;James A. Blake ,&nbsp;Benjamin F. Cooke ,&nbsp;James McCormac ,&nbsp;Phineas Allen ,&nbsp;Alex MacManus ,&nbsp;Don Pollacco ,&nbsp;Billy Shrive ,&nbsp;Richard West","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colour light curves of resident space objects (RSOs) encapsulate distinctive features that can offer insights into an object’s structure and design, making them an invaluable tool for classification and characterisation. We present the results of the first large systematic colour survey of the GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) belt in which we obtain full-night multi-colour light curves for 112 active geostationary objects between April and May 2023. This survey was undertaken during the ‘glint’ season using the STING telescope located at the Roque de Los Muchachos observatory in the Canary Islands.</div><div>Colour light curve maps were created to compare and contrast the colours between different satellites and bus configurations. We find that satellites with BSS-702 and STAR-2 buses can be effectively distinguished from the colour measurements on these maps, but comparing the average colour of individual satellites within given solar equatorial phase angle ranges shows that it is difficult to distinguish between bus configurations based on colour alone. We also find tentative evidence to suggest that there is a relationship between colour and time spent on orbit for the Eurostar-3000 class satellites, which is unseen behaviour within other bus configuration classes. The satellites in our sample exhibit ‘redder’ colours than the Sun, which is in agreement with previous findings.</div><div>We found common light curve features such as symmetrical colour changes as well as unique regions of short timescale glinting which are ‘bluer’ than other regimes within the colour light curves. If these features are indeed seasonal, this would be a powerful characterisation tool. We are able to detect and resolve features in the light curve of the LDPE-3A satellite related to manoeuvres being performed.</div><div>Finally, we measured the solar panel offsets of 54 satellites in our sample and found variation in the type of colour response. The majority of which did not exhibit any colour change across the solar panel glints compared to them shifting towards ’redder’ or ’bluer’ colours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 7","pages":"Pages 5757-5780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological environment carrying capacity assessment using remote sensing and integrated modeling: A case study of Yi’an district, Tongling, China","authors":"Dazhi Ni ,&nbsp;Chuangang Gong ,&nbsp;Dan Ding ,&nbsp;Yu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The central tenet of Regional Sustainable Development (RSD) is fundamentally reliant on the Geological Environment Carrying Capacity (GECC). An in-depth comprehension of a region’s current geological environmental status is crucial for formulating pragmatic and efficacious management strategies. This is essential for laying a robust groundwork for scientifically informed regional development planning. In this context, our research zeroes in on the Yi’an District of Tongling, utilizing a suite of nine evaluative metrics that span geological, ecological, and socio-economic dimensions. We adopt a methodological approach involving the Information Value (<em>I</em>), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost or XGB) algorithms to construct a comprehensive GECC assessment framework to improve the precision of GECC predictions. This framework is further augmented through the application of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for nuanced model comparison and analytical purposes. Our findings indicate that factors such as slope, topographic relief, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) have a marked impact on GECC. The I-RF model demonstrates superior predictive precision over the I-XGB model, thus providing a more accurate evaluation of GECC. The overall GECC in the Yi’an District is assessed as favorable. However, areas with suboptimal GECC, predominantly located in the southern, southeastern, and western hilly terrains, are largely attributed to mining activities and urban developmental pressures. These insights are instrumental for local administrative bodies to enact proactive and efficacious mitigation strategies. This study significantly contributes to the scientific underpinning of geological environmental safety and bolsters the sustainable economic advancement of the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"75 8","pages":"Pages 6274-6286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}