Lele Qi, Xixiang Yang, Fangchao Bai, Xiaolong Deng, Yuelong Pan
{"title":"Stratospheric airship trajectory planning in wind field using deep reinforcement learning","authors":"Lele Qi, Xixiang Yang, Fangchao Bai, Xiaolong Deng, Yuelong Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.057","url":null,"abstract":"Stratospheric airships, with their long endurance, high flight altitude, and large payload capacity, show promise in earth observation and mobile internet applications. However, challenges arise due to their low flight speed, limited maneuverability and energy constraints when planning trajectories in dynamic wind fields. This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning-based method for trajectory planning of stratospheric airships. The model considers the motion characteristics of stratospheric airships and environmental factors like wind fields and solar radiation. The soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm is utilized to assess the effectiveness of the method in various scenarios. A comparison between time-optimized and energy-optimized trajectories reveals that time-optimized trajectories are smoother with a higher speed, while energy-optimized trajectories can save up to 10% energy by utilizing wind fields and solar energy absorption. Overall, the deep reinforcement learning approach proves effective in trajectory planning for stratospheric airships in deterministic and dynamic wind fields, offering valuable insights for flight design and optimization.","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fragmentation characterization in the circular restricted three body problem for cislunar space domain awareness","authors":"Arly Black, Carolin Frueh","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.076","url":null,"abstract":"With heightened international interest in spacecraft activities in the vicinity of the Moon, cislunar space debris is likely to follow. Even one fragmentation event can have catastrophic and far-reaching consequences, which drives the need for appropriate debris characterization tools. How a single fragmentation plays out is highly dependent on any given initial condition in the near-chaotic cislunar region. This paper offers a means of structuring the cislunar region in terms of dynamical flow, which enables global characterization of fragmentation events without propagation of every possible case. This work investigates patterns in fragment behaviour as a function of energy, , and orbit location, and explores emergent dynamic structures in the vicinity of the Earth-Moon Lagrange point. Subsequent findings are applied to analysis of a realistic breakup event for a 500 kg satellite on an Lyapunov orbit with a Jacobi constant of 3.0165, modeled using an in–house modified version of the NASA Standard Breakup Model.","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dependence of the main ionospheric trough position on local time, longitude and geomagnetic activity in the southern winter hemisphere","authors":"A.T. Karpachev","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.075","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the meticulous identification of ionization troughs, performed earlier from the CHAMP satellite data, twoadditional issueswereresolved: (1) the longitudinal effect characteristics in the position of the main ionospheric trough (MIT) were corrected, and (2) for the first time,the dependence of theMITposition on geomagnetic activity was determined foralllocaltime hours. A large dataset from the CHAMP satellite in the southern winter hemisphere under high solar activity was utilized. According to the refined data the amplitude of the longitudinal effect in the MITposition changes from ∼ 3° to ∼ 5° in the course of the day. The shape of the longitudinal effectvarieswith local time, however, the MIT in the eastern hemisphere isconsistentlylocated at higher latitudes than in the western hemisphere. The main reason for the longitudinal effect is the dependence of the equatorward boundary of auroral diffuse precipitation on the tilt angle of the Earth’s dipole. The dependence on geomagnetic activitywas determined as a linear regression Λ = Λ − Kp, where Λ is the geomagnetic latitude, and the Kp indexisconsidered for the previous6 h. The latitude Λ and coefficient exhibited pronounced dependence on local time, with Λ increasing and decreasing when moving from night to day. Because the amplitude of the longitudinal effect decreases with increasing magnetic activity, the value of alsodependson longitude. Consequently, coefficient wasdetermined separatelyforthe eastern and western hemispheres. Theaveragevaluesof vary from 1.3 − 1.4° during the day to 1.8 − 1.9° at night. Thedifference between theeastern and western hemispheres is ∼ 0.3°.","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Star angle modified with relativistic effects/StarNAV integrated navigation method for Mars exploration","authors":"Mingzhen Gui, Yifeng Wei, Hua Yang, Yuqing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.077","url":null,"abstract":"The celestial navigation system based on star angle (SA) is a classical autonomous navigation method for the spacecraft, which directly provides the position information of the spacecraft relative to the near celestial body. But due to the relativistic effects, the star direction observed by spacecraft is inconsistent with that acquired from star ephemeris, which reduces navigation accuracy of SA. In addition, SA cannot directly provide the velocity information of the spacecraft. StarNAV is a novel celestial navigation method that utilizes the relativistic effects, which mostly provides the velocity information of the spacecraft. In this paper, the star angle modified with relativistic effects (SAMRE)/StarNAV integrated navigation method is proposed. The measurement model of SAMRE is established by considering relativistic effects in the measurement model of SA. Simulation results indicate that during the Mars approach phase, SAMRE has better navigation accuracy compared with SA, and the navigation accuracy of the SAMRE/StarNAV integrated navigation method is higher than that of SAMRE, StarNAV and SA/StarNAV, respectively. Furthermore, the paper analyses the impact of measurement errors on the navigation accuracy of SAMRE/StarNAV.","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphological and chronological mapping of Petavius crater, nearside of the Moon","authors":"A.V. Satyakumar, Shreekumari Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.074","url":null,"abstract":"Petavius, a complex crater from the late Imbrian epoch, features a giant central peak, numerous smaller peaks, and an inner terraced wall arising nearly 3 km above the crater floor. The region has seen periods of tectonic and volcanic activity. A meter-scale detailed mapping of LROC- Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images was carried out to understand the tectonic features and associated volcanic history under this crater. We found many fragmented blocks, fields of striated boulders, grabens, layering near grabens and striated boulders, rock exposures, and many fractures from NAC mapping, indicating magmacreating pressure underneath the floor of a crater. The fractures identified from NAC images are probably linked with an underlying magmatic sill of high-density bodies. Crater size-frequency distribution analysis indicates that magmatic activity likely persisted for ∼2.75 Ga in the Petavius crater. It is noteworthy that this relatively recent age of volcanism has not been reported previously. The crustal thickness of the study region varies from 27 to 40 km; at the mapped tectonic features and volcanic regions, the crustal thickness of 30–34 km is found. The unique tectonic environment of the Petavius crater, in combination with the associated morphological variation and numerous exposures of mafic, suggests that the crater formed in phases associated with its structural and morphologic features and is derived from the lower crust. The morphometric analysis and previous studies support a model of magmatic intrusion and sill formation within the fractured crust beneath the crater floor; such a sill would be a likely source both for effusive mare material erupted through floor fractures into low-lying portions of the crater floor. The tectonic system on the floor of the crater was the result of post-impact processes.","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of temperature, pressure and specific humidity derived from Sentinel-6 with ERA5 and radiosonde","authors":"Huizhong Zhu, Guangsheng Liu, Xiang Gao, Shuaimin Wang, Chunhua Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"The temperature, pressure and specific humidity data of Sentinel-6 (S6) products are compared with the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) and radio sounding in 2022. The overall STD of temperature, pressure and specific humidity for S6-ERA5 and S6-Radiosonde are 0.74 ℃, 0.45 hPa, 0.3 g/kg, 1.33 ℃, 0.51 hPa, 0.34 g/kg respectively. The study found that the consistency of these three atmospheric parameters between S6 and ERA5 is better than that between S6 and radiosonde. In the aspect of temporal characteristics, the specific humidity STD of S6-ERA5 decrease successively in summer, autumn, spring and winter. In the aspect of spatial characteristics, S6 has better retrieval ability of temperature values in the troposphere, but the maximum negative bias value of temperature between S6 and ERA5 is −1.57 ℃ at 41.7 km. The pressure bias values of S6 and ERA5 fluctuate greatly below the troposphere. In addition, the STD values of S6-ERA5 and S6-Radiosonde specific humidity data both show the decreasing characteristics in sequence from low to high latitudes.","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demonstration of feedback control regulation process for microwave discharge ion thruster in space gravitational wave detection","authors":"Xiang Niu, Hui Liu, Bixin Zhang, Daren Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.071","url":null,"abstract":"High thrust noise limits the application of microwave discharge ion thruster (MDIT) on space gravitational waves (GWs) detection, which needs to be suppressed by a feedback control system. A feedback control experimental platform is established for MDIT choosing microwave power and ion beam current respectively as controlled variable and feedback parameter. Experiments show the feedback control system adjusts screen grid (SG) current by regulating microwave power to compensate for fluctuations of acceleration grid (AG) current, which is mainly because the ability of microwave power to adjust SG current is dramatically stronger than that to adjust AG current. Faced with fluctuations of decreasing flow rate, the feedback control system boosts microwave power to stabilize ion beam current. However, the AG current shows diametrically opposed characteristics for operations with different interception rates under regulation of a feedback control system. Further study shows this phenomenon is the macroscopic reflection of ion trajectories variations on AG current under the function of specific electric field when feedback control system changes the proportions of primary ions and charge exchange (CEX) ions by influencing CEX reaction intensity in the grid system and its downstream region. Analysis of mean free path shows the CEX reaction intensity in the grid system is stronger than that downstream from AG. Therefore, the physical process in the grid system dominates variations of AG current.","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fuel-optimal acquisition and control of a cartwheel formation in Earth displaced heliocentric orbit","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An optimization approach for cartwheel formation acquisition and maintenance in an Earth Displaced heliocentric orbit is presented. This work considers non-gravitational perturbations such as solar radiation pressure, thus extending the studies previously performed for the mission LISA. The problem is tackled as a Nonlinear Programming problem using a multiple shooting method. The optimization process is performed in two steps: first, the orbital elements of each satellite in heliocentric orbit are optimized to guarantee the stability during the science phase hence easing maintenance of the cartwheel formation in presence of orbital perturbations. Then, the obtained initial states are propagated to obtain a set of target orbital states which become the final target of a second optimization covering the transfer phase from Earth. For the science phase optimization presents two alternative cost functions are introduced, one based on the arm-length evolution and one on the arm-length-rate evolution. The performance of each cost function is analysed for different initial displacement angles: for target arm-lengths below 2.5 million kilometers the arm-length cost function provides the best results while no significant difference between the two optimized solutions is observed above this value. The transfer phase optimization presents two different approaches, one considering an injection on a trajectory more favourable for one of the three spacecraft and one considering an injection on an intermediate trajectory which minimizes the overall acquisition cost of all spacecraft. The proposed optimization approach performance are studied on a set of test cases covering both transfer and science phase, showing that stable configuration conditions can be found even in presence of orbital perturbations and that the multiple injection transfer is capable of providing a more homogeneous fuel consumption among the three spacecraft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytic optimal control for multi-satellite assembly using linearized twistor-based model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents Guidance and Control (G&C) systems for multi-satellite assembly in proximity operations. The systems utilize the twistor model, which is linearized through Taylor’s series. Decentralized control laws, designed using Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Model Predictive Control (MPC), are employed to track an energy-optimal trajectory generated using the Hamiltonian approach. Data exchange between satellites and their neighbors is represented using graph theory. The decentralized MPC framework is implemented using the CasADi package. To ensure collision avoidance between the satellites, a repulsive control law is designed, considering symmetric input saturation in the actuators. The proposed G&C systems are tested using a high-fidelity nonlinear satellite relative motion model that incorporates orbital perturbations. Numerical simulations are performed in a MATLAB® environment, and the results are visualized using STK®. Furthermore, a comparative study is conducted to evaluate tracking performance and fuel consumption between the two control methods. The results demonstrate that the use of an optimal trajectory reduces fuel consumption for both control algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface: Progress in cosmic-ray astrophysics and related areas","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}