Advances in Space Research最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of debris evolution from fragmentation events on representative cislunar orbits using an ephemeris-based model","authors":"Yi Han,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Zhipeng Shi,&nbsp;Wenxuan Song,&nbsp;Qi Li,&nbsp;Yuhui Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cislunar space is moving toward routine operations under programs such as Chang’e and Artemis, which raises the risk of debris generated by explosions or collisions. Predicting post-breakup evolution in the non-Keplerian cislunar regime remains challenging. This study analyzes the one-year evolution of debris released from representative cislunar orbits in an ephemeris-based model, including Distant Retrograde Orbits (DRO), L1 and L2 Lyapunov orbits, L2 Halo orbits, and L2 Near-Rectilinear Halo Orbits (NRHO). We vary orbital amplitude and breakup phase, quantifying Earth/Moon impact counts, Moon-fixed spatial distributions, cumulative impact-time statistics, and entries into LEO/MEO. For orbits sharing a fixed Jacobi constant in the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP), results are primarily governed by orbit-family geometry and breakup phase near perilune. About 90% of debris generated from DRO largely remains within the Earth-Moon Sphere of Influence (SOI). L2 Halo cases are escape-dominated at about 75%. For debris from L1, L2 Lyapunov orbits and L2 NRHOs, escape from the Earth–Moon SOI is the leading outcome, with Moon impacts as the secondary outcome. At the 90th percentile of time-to-Moon-impact distribution, the NRHO case completes in about 80 days, whereas the DRO case generally exceeds 300 days. As orbit amplitude increases, L2 NRHO shows a sharp decrease in Moon impacts and a rise in escape, while DRO shows reduced SOI retention and higher escape. Lyapunov and L2 Halo orbit families remain broadly escape-dominated, with only slight changes across amplitudes. These patterns provide quantitative baselines for cislunar space domain awareness and inform disposal planning, sensor tasking, and risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 1352-1366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel perturbation approach for inferring equatorial ionospheric vertical E× Bdrift velocity using ground-based magnetometers","authors":"Tristan Camilleri,&nbsp;Manuel Cervera,&nbsp;Bruce Ward,&nbsp;Andrew MacKinnon","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During both quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions, the equatorial vertical E<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span>B plasma drift velocity is one of the primary drivers of the equatorial ionisation anomaly, making it a key parameter for modelling the equatorial ionosphere. The direct measurement of F region plasma drifts at the equator is currently only possible by the Jicamarca incoherent scatter radar (ISR), in Peru, and satellites. However, while the latter technique can measure the plasma drift velocity in many different longitude sectors, it has poor precision and temporal resolution. A technique, developed by <span><span>Anderson et al. (2004)</span></span>, proposed that the F region E<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span>B vertical plasma drift can be predicted by a model using data from a pair of appropriately located ground-based magnetometers. However, this model was trained using a limited dataset, and did not take sufficient measures to ensure the model could be reliably applied in regions and times not covered by the training dataset. A new model, proposed in this paper, builds on the method of <span><span>Anderson et al. (2004)</span></span>, utilising a full solar cycle of ISR vertical drift velocity and magnetometer measurements, along with geomagnetic, solar, and seasonal modulation auxiliary data. This new model uses multiple regression to predict the daily perturbation away from the already well-modelled climatological equatorial vertical E<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span>B drift velocity (<span><span>Scherliess and Fejer, 1999</span></span>). In comparison to the most widely cited model from <span><span>Anderson et al. (2004)</span></span>, the new model produced an improvement in RMS error from 10.15<!--> <!-->m/s to 5.16<!--> <!-->m/s and 0.56 to 0.87 in correlation coefficient when applied to the full dataset of vertical drift velocity measurements from the Jicamarca ISR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 1389-1403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid framework-based scattering power decomposition for land cover classification from full-polarimetric SAR SLC data","authors":"Vaishnavi Joshi,&nbsp;Subhadip Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) data are widely used for land use and land cover (LULC) mapping due to their sensitivity to surface scattering mechanisms; however, existing incoherent polarimetric scattering power decomposition methods often suffer from orientation-induced scattering mixing, overestimation of volume scattering, and physically inconsistent power allocation, particularly in heterogeneous landscapes. In this study, a modified three-component polarimetric scattering power decomposition is proposed for full-polarimetric SAR data, in which volume scattering is represented by jointly accounting for multiple-scattering model information and depolarising scattering characteristics. The proposed approach preserves the total backscattered power and ensures non-negative scattering components. The method is evaluated using full-polarimetric SAR datasets acquired at different frequencies, including ALOS-1 PALSAR L-band, RADARSAT-2 C-band, and EOS-04 C-band data, and is compared with the An and Yang three-component (AN3), Freeman-Durden three-component (FR3), the Yamaguchi four-component decomposition (YG4), the stochastic distance-based modified Yamaguchi four-component decomposition (SD-YG4), as well as the decomposition proposed by Hu et al. Qualitative analysis of RGB scattering power images and quantitative evaluation over representative land-cover types demonstrate that the proposed decomposition provides a more physically consistent separation of surface, double-bounce, and volume scattering components, while effectively reducing orientation-induced power leakage across sensors and wavelengths. Supervised classification results further show improved overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, and F1-score, with enhanced discrimination between vegetation-related categories and between built-up areas and surrounding land covers, and yielding spatially more coherent classification maps. These results indicate that the proposed polarimetric decomposition provides a robust feature representation with consistent performance across multiple PolSAR sensors for LULC mapping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 901-920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148529083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the reliability of Dst prediction interval with uncertainty matching technique using machine learning","authors":"R. Chen,&nbsp;J. Yang,&nbsp;Z. Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The probabilistic models for short-term geomagnetic storms forecasting are competitive compared with a deterministic model. However, it is challenging for a probabilistic model to inherently produce well-calibrated prediction intervals which can reflect the true uncertainties. In order to address this challenge, we use a multilayer perceptron framework to develop the primary and the auxiliary model for the disturbance storm time (Dst) prediction and interval estimation through uncertainty matching method. By comparing the probabilistic models based on Monte-Carlo dropout and heteroscedastic techniques, we evaluate the performance of the proposed model with the Dst index during geomagnetic storms from 1998 to 2024, which cover 2.5 solar cycles. Specially, the quality of the prediction interval is comprehensively analyzed in terms of the area under the uncertainty characteristics curve (AUUCC). The results for mean point prediction show that our model achieve reduced root mean square error (RMSE) and improved coefficient of determination (R²). Quantitative analysis of the prediction intervals demonstrates that the proposed model can produce low AUUCC and high gains especially for super test storms with a minimum peak less than −350 nT. Compared to the existing probabilistic prediction models, the proposed model delivers comparable accuracy of point prediction, and more importantly, inherently possesses a recalibration capacity for uncertainty, thereby providing the reliable prediction intervals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 1485-1500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148529051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed cascaded model predictive control for multi-spacecraft capture of a tumbling target","authors":"Chuanxiao Xu,&nbsp;Guohua Kang,&nbsp;Zhen Li,&nbsp;Jiaqi Wu,&nbsp;Jiayi Zhou,&nbsp;Can Hao,&nbsp;Junfeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared with single-spacecraft capture schemes, multi-spacecraft on-orbit servicing offers significant advantages in decentralization, cost, and mission scalability. However, real-time trajectory planning for mutual collision avoidance, combined with the complex geometry of a failed spacecraft, imposes stringent requirements on the obstacle-avoidance and control algorithms of the servicers. To address these challenges, this study proposes a distributed cascaded model predictive control (MPC) architecture for a servicing satellite cluster.Each servicing spacecraft estimates the neighbors’ motion trajectories at the current time step using historical information, thereby enabling inter-spacecraft collision avoidance within the swarm and realizing decentralized control; for an individual servicing spacecraft, in the upper layer, a control Lyapunov functions (CLFs)-based MPC guarantees closed-loop convergence while introducing relaxation variables to alleviate over-conservativeness, thereby enabling rapid and flexible convergence of the relative position and attitude. In the lower layer, control barrier functions (CBFs) are incorporated to rigorously enforce safety constraints against target-induced dynamic obstacles, and are further augmented by velocity-obstacle (VO) constraints and position-compatibility constraints for real-time online trajectory optimization, achieving inter-satellite deconfliction while reducing computational complexity in high-dimensional scenarios. A deadlock-detection and reference-reshaping mechanism is additionally embedded between the two layers to prevent entrapment in local minima. Simulation results demonstrate axial docking accuracy on the order of 0.1 mm and attitude synchronization accuracy of 0.05° for the servicing cluster under complex constraints and cluttered obstacle environments. The proposed method ensures servicer safety and achieves near-globally optimal trajectories, providing a theoretical basis for multi-spacecraft attitude takeover, on-orbit refueling, and cooperative debris-removal missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 1195-1219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148529052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal multiple-impulse fixed-time rendezvous via Newton’s method with analytical Hessian","authors":"Tian Liao,&nbsp;Tianji Ma,&nbsp;Bin Nan,&nbsp;Shunli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an efficient solution method based on the analytical cost Hessian matrix for the optimal multiple-impulse fixed-time rendezvous problem of spacecrafts under the two-body dynamics. By defining the impulsive trajectory state and utilizing Lion’s cost gradient, the analytical expression of the cost Hessian matrix with respect to the trajectory state is derived based on the primer vector theory. As a pivotal step in the derivation, a novel approach leveraging universal functions is proposed to compute the partial derivatives of Lambert boundary velocities, and the partial derivative expressions of the state transition matrix are provided for the first time. Numerical simulations conducted in various typical scenarios demonstrate that, within the framework of a hybrid iteration-adjustment algorithm, the Newton’s method utilizing the analytical Hessian matrix significantly outperforms the widely used BFGS method in terms of convergence, solution efficiency, and accuracy. Specifically, the proposed method achieves a nearly one-order-of-magnitude reduction in solution time compared to BFGS, with a typical solution time of around 1 s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 1238-1253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148529054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the aerosol characteristics in Yinchuan area based on CE318 and an improved geyser inspired optimization algorithm","authors":"Hongsen Yin,&nbsp;Dengxin Hua,&nbsp;Jiandong Mao,&nbsp;Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Hu Zhao,&nbsp;Hongjiang Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosols play a crucial role in atmospheric radiation transfer, climate change, and air quality. Investigating the particle size distribution (PSD) of aerosols is essential for understanding their behavior in the atmosphere, assessing their environmental and health impacts, improving air quality management, and supporting climate change research and policy development. This study utilizes data collected by the CE318 sun photometer to analyze the annual, seasonal, and monthly variations in aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the Yinchuan region from 2013 to 2024. The results indicate that the annual variation of AOD in the Yinchuan area is relatively stable, yet exhibits significant seasonal differences. The AOD reaches its highest levels in spring (March to May) and its lowest in summer (June to August). To improve the inversion of PSD, this study proposes an improved geyser inspired algorithm (IGEA). This improved algorithm integrates chaotic initialization, a Lévy flight strategy, differential evolution, and greedy replacement into the basic geyser inspired algorithm (GEA), thereby enhancing both the quality of the initial population and the global search capability. To verify the feasibility of the algorithm, AOD data were used to retrieve the seasonal and monthly average aerosol PSD, as well as the PSD under various weather conditions throughout 2023. The results show that IGEA outperforms five other algorithms, exhibiting faster convergence and greater stability. The correlation between AOD inversion results and measured AOD under various weather conditions reached approximately 0.98, demonstrating that IGEA holds significant potential for application in PSD inversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 1092-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148529042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis strategy of abnormal on-site barometric pressure for SLR tropospheric delay correction","authors":"Xuezhen Li,&nbsp;Hua Chen,&nbsp;Zelang Miao,&nbsp;Zilu Cui,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zhou,&nbsp;Zhao Li,&nbsp;Weiping Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) is critical for establishing a high-precision terrestrial reference frame, but its accuracy is highly vulnerable to systematic errors. Among these, abnormal barometric pressure at SLR stations is a predominant yet often overlooked issue that distorts tropospheric delay corrections and introduces centimeter-to-decimeter biases in range observations. To address this, we propose a diagnosis strategy for abnormal on-site barometric pressure by a data-driven approach, specifically designed to support robust SLR tropospheric delay correction. In the diagnosis step, an imbalance-optimized CatBoost model is employed to accurately detect abnormal barometric pressure. This data-driven approach is augmented with auxiliary information derived from the Numerical Weather Model (NWM) to enhance diagnostic reliability. Based on the diagnosis results, an adaptive pressure difference model is then implemented for correction, where abnormal barometric pressure is strategically substituted with NWM-derived pressure. Validated on global SLR data from 35 stations in 2023, the proposed strategy demonstrates a high detection rate of 86.42% for abnormal barometric pressures in the testing dataset. After NWM-based correction, the RMS of posterior residuals associated with abnormal barometric pressure is reduced from 9.83 cm to 4.82 cm, corresponding to an improvement of 50.97% compared to the solution using the original barometric pressure. The strategy enables automated quality control, effectively mitigating systematic biases while preserving valuable observations, thereby significantly enhancing the precision and reliability of operational SLR solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 703-714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148529117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Runoff simulation of SWAT model with channel parameter adjustment based on multi-source remote sensing images","authors":"Yiqing Li,&nbsp;Yongzhi Wang,&nbsp;Dexiang Liu,&nbsp;Wenquan Li,&nbsp;Yunqi Zhu,&nbsp;Wanjing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate runoff simulation plays a critical role in water resources management and mitigation of drought or flood disasters. The inspection and correction of river parameters are crucial to ensure the accuracy of runoff simulation. However, in current runoff simulation models, river parameters are mostly automatically extracted, without sufficient consideration of the accuracy of the original data. We propose a new runoff simulation method that integrates high-precision multi-source remote sensing imagery to systematically assess and calibrate river channel parameters, thereby improving the accuracy of SWAT model. First, watershed channel parameters are extracted and calculated from multi-source remote sensing data. Second, the SWAT model is calibrated and improved by the extracted channel parameters. Finally, runoff simulation and accuracy evaluation are conducted. Results in the Lishui River Basin demonstrate a marked improvement in simulation accuracy. After parameter calibration, the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) increased to over 0.89, and the peak flow simulation for a major 2011 flood event was significantly enhanced, closely aligning with observations. This study holds significant research implications for water resources management, flood warning, and watershed planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 1027-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148529127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of sea ice-covered period using multi-feature combinations from GNSS-IR signal-to-noise ratio data","authors":"Meijun Wang,&nbsp;Nazi Wang,&nbsp;Fan Gao,&nbsp;Tianhe Xu,&nbsp;Lingqiu Chen,&nbsp;Xuejie Wang,&nbsp;Shuyi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asr.2026.04.049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the limited research on sea ice detection using GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS‑IR) and the suboptimal detection performance caused by complex surface reflection characteristics, this study achieves sea ice‑covered period detection based on four feature values: amplitude factor, damping factor, area factor, and power ratio factor. Although the first three factors have been reported as capable of detecting changes in sea surface conditions, the amplitude and damping factors interact in a non‑independent manner, and the area factor varies with wavelet parameter settings during solution. Accordingly, this paper proposes a power ratio factor for detecting sea surface state changes. Furthermore, a method for inverting sea surface state changes using a fusion factor is introduced, implemented via the minimum variance fusion of different factors based on the full error covariance matrix. This approach eliminates correlations among individual factors and provides a characterization of sea surface changes that is mathematically unbiased and optimally accurate.The Canny edge detection algorithm is further applied to each feature factor to automatically extract the exact dates of sea ice melting and freezing based on the minimum and maximum values, thereby reducing the need for manual interpretation. To validate the proposed method, one year of GNSS data from two International Reference Stations (TUKT and QAAR) was analyzed for sea ice‑covered period detection. Among the single‑factor detection results, the power ratio factor achieves the most significant performance: it not only effectively identifies the sea ice‑covered periods but also demonstrates better detection capability for stations with poor observation conditions. Moreover, unlike a single factor that may fail at certain frequencies, the multi‑factor weighted fusion factor exhibits excellent robustness across all GPS frequencies at both stations. Using the Canny edge detection algorithm, the thawing and freezing times at the QAAR station are clearly identified as May 5, 2019, and January 28, 2020, respectively, while those at the TUKT station are identified as June 30, 2018, and September 28, 2018, respectively. Finally, comparison with ECMWF datasets (including sea ice concentration, sea surface temperature, snow depth, snowmelt, snowfall, and snow density) and high‑resolution remote sensing images confirms the reliability of the proposed multi‑feature fusion method for sea ice detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50850,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Space Research","volume":"78 2","pages":"Pages 621-642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148571787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}